Middle Ages is an important part of world history，World Middle Ages History Studies started late in my country，We must not forget the skills of the scholars of the scholars of the predecessors。until after the reform and opening up，my country's medieval history research has only been developed。With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up、The "Dark Middle Ages" had a misunderstanding of the "Dark Middle Ages".，The Middle Ages of the World has become the most obvious progress in my country's historians、One of the most rich academic fields with achievements。Due to its special historical period，Middle Ages History Research once became an important source of comparative history, especially Chinese and foreign comparative history，Almost attracted widespread attention in the academic community。

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Opium War is the beginning of the collision between China and the Western world，It has also become the iconic starting point for China to understand the West。From the May 4th Movement，How the Chinese people think of this issue in the West has been arguing for several rounds，The cognition of the West also gradually enriched and deepened。"History of European Renaissance" by Jiang Baili、Chen Hengzhe's "Western History"、The monographs of the "History of European Political Thought" from Gao Yihan all have medieval parts，Involved in different areas of the medieval Europe，Recorded the understanding of the scholars of that era to the history of European medieval history。In addition，Lei Haizong、Yan Zonglin and other scholars made a pretty view of the medieval history。Despite this，During the Republic of China, domestic scholars' understanding and understanding of medieval history are mainly basic，There are very few scholars engaged in professional Bet365 app download research，Impact limited。until the mid -20th century，Chinese University rarely sets world history，There are almost no special world history research institutions。As far as most areas of medieval history research are concerned，At that time, it was basically a virgin land to be cultivated。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China，History research enters a new period。my country's imitation Soviet teaching plan，All universities have replaced Western History with world history。Later，The National History Research Institute of the National -level World History has been established one after another，and American Research Institute、Japanese Institute、South Asia Research Institute, etc.。With the establishment of world history research institutions and teaching systems，Cultivated and gathered a group of professional talents in world history，Established a large -scale professional team。Monday Liang、The "History of the World" (4 volumes in a total of 4 volumes) edited by Wu Yuyu became a university general textbook，Among them, the second volume is "Middle Ages"。To cooperate with the university's world -general history teaching，From 1962，Business Press has successively published Monday Liang、"Selection of the World History Data" edited by Wu Yuyu。Where，"Middle Ages" is edited by Guo Shoutian as editor -in -chief。In the case where the original data of foreign history is extremely scarce，The special replenishment role of "Selection of the World Pass History of History" is particularly worthy of attention。In addition，World historians also participated in the national discussion on historical issues，Such as the "Asian production method", "the transition of slavery to the feudal society", "feudal society transition to the capitalist society", etc.。Except the above scholars and works，Guo Shengming、Qisihe、Liu Qige、Jiang Xiangze、Qi Guozheng and other scholars in the study and training of medieval history，All Bet365 app download made outstanding contributions，With the skills of blue roads。

　History of medieval history develops rapidly

The 1980s，World Medieval History Research is becoming more active，Entering important development periods。1980s，The transition of the traditional European society to the capitalist society is a hot spot in the study of domestic medieval history，This problem is stimulated by exploring why modern West took the lead。related to the research theme of this research，In the late Middle Ages, it became the main attention period。People have devoted their own reflection in research，It also echoed the major discussion of the transition from feudalism to capitalism since the 1970s，Parenting precious。Wu Yu、Pang Zhuoheng and others began to attach importance to the relationship between the economic structure differences between agricultural and animal husbandry in traditional society and the birth of capitalism，Discuss the role of agricultural labor productivity。Some special studies can be called high -quality works。such as，Mark's "Research on the Freedom Economic Form of Western Europe"、Editor -in -chief "Research on the Comparison of Asia -Europe feudal economy" and so on，This is the work。System in the Tudor Dynasties Council、Middle Ages of the UK、Rural Administration and Court of the UK、Comparison of British and Chinese farmers、Church History、History of Byzantine、Arab and Islamic Worlds and other fields，The research results of domestic scholars have also reached a certain depth。

Since the 21st century，The domestic medieval history research field has continuously expanded，Deepen in the traditional field，Some weak areas have been strengthened，Filled in the blank field。With the increasingly deepening of related research，The research style has gradually shifted from basic macro research to middle viewing research and micro research，Pay more attention to empirical research methods，Research method、Update and pioneering of research theory and concepts，Show a strong momentum of comprehensive development。

bet365 Play online games In recent years，The field of medieval history research is increasingly expanded，Gradually extend during the research period。People seek new areas and new perspectives of historical research，Makes historical research closer to society and life。Therefore，Some emerging disciplines and new research methods walk into my country's historical circles，The subject of economic and social history is one of them，Research results frequently emerge。Daily life and consumption level in farmers、Urbanization process、Change of trade means、Middle Ages Women's Concept and Marriage and Family、Middle Ages' religious life and belief、Disease and medical social history and other fields，Related research is getting deeper。These studies analyze social life from different angles，Some of these research areas are pioneering，Old face with a sweeping traditional topic，Not only unprecedented broadening in the research field，Research period is also a reasonable extension，Treating new topics。such as，Study on the Relationship between the Relationship between the Early Century Civilization and Roman civilization、Study on the origin of European nation and national migration、The translation and sorting of the early historical narrative literature of the Middle Ages、Thinking about the transformation of religious culture，This is the big person。In recent years，With the expansion of the research field，Middle Ages History Scholars in the history of daily life、Rural History、City History、Family History、Women's History、Medical History、Education history and other aspects have achieved abundant results。

Due to language barriers，Middle Ages outside the English region of the English area Most of the past is mostly weak areas。Since the 21st century，These weak areas have improved to varying degrees。such as，French and German medieval history areas have been released; research in the Middle Ages of Eastern Europe and Russia also breakthrough，About Russian culture、Discussion Bet365 lotto review on issues such as Eastern Europe and Russian serf systems have some new results; the research progress of Arabia and Islamic issues is obvious，About the rise of Islam、Establishment and expansion of Arab countries、Arab feudal land relations and other issues have a series of discussions; Korean history、Japanese history is the research field that scholars pay close attention to，About the identity level of the Japanese law era、Studies in modern Japanese society have new ideas，Promoting the study of the Middle Ages of East Asia; the research of Byzantine History continued to be strengthened。

At the same time，Research on some traditional topics further deepen。such as，Social transformation and historical comparative research have received continuous attention，and pay more attention to analyzing the role and concept of social transformation。Research is more specialized，For example, discuss social transformation issues from a specific aspect。Discussion of legal and political history is deepened，and the phenomenon of research center of gravity appears，For example, research on the village community and the county community。The history of agricultural is also the same，Research gradually deepen。New progress in the Renaissance research，The 12 volumes of "The History of the Renaissance in Europe" edited by Liu Minghan reflect the latest research results in this field。Discussion on whether the "feudalism" in Western Europe has a universal significance，It has begun since the early 1990s。After entering the 21st century，Discussion is more concentrated。Many scholars turn their attention to a wider field，From semantic learning、Academic history and empirical history discussed their respective views。In addition，There are also a lot of translations to come out，broaden the research field。such as，Zhang Xushan and other scholars translated the book "Feudal Society" of French historian Bloch，Xu Jialing and others translated the American historian James Thompson's "The History of Economic bet365 Play online games and Social History of the Middle Ages"。In addition，"Medieval Civilization" (translated by Xu Jialing)、"British Manor Life: Research on the Life Status of Farmers in 1150-1400" (Long Xiuqing、Sun Litian、Translated by Zhao Wenjun)、"Middle Ages and Renaissance" (Li Yucheng、translated by Li Jin) and "The decline of the Middle Ages: Fair and Fifteenth Century France、Nodran's lifestyle、Research on Thought and Art "(translated by Liu Jun et al.)，​​All research perspectives of "Others" for the study of domestic medieval history。

　　Need to continue hard

While fully affirming the achievements of the domestic and medieval history of the domestic world，We also have to see the deficiencies。Several aspects that need to be improved and continue to work hard，Put forward a little expectation。

One，We must pay more attention to the use and accumulation of first -hand information。In recent years，Many scholars in my country have collected and sorted out foreign medieval history archives，The gratifying phenomenon of research using the original dossier appeared。Due to language reasons，This is quite difficult for researchers for medieval history，There is still a long way to go。In this sense，The Research on the History of Middle Ages of my country in China is still in the foundation period。

Its two，Make up the shortcomings and vacancies of the world's medieval history as soon as possible。Based on the research of no strong medieval history，It is difficult to have successful world modern and contemporary history research。Research on neighboring countries，Studies in major countries and regions in the world，The shortage of shortage of domestic medieval history research is still quite serious。

Its three，There is a fragmentation phenomenon in the research，Insufficient original strength。Generally look，The current research results are more standardized than before、More professional。At the same time，There is also a problem with the problem that there is also a weak consciousness、Talking about things、Lack Bet365 lotto review of Exploration Passion and other phenomena，works with a wide field of vision and internal logic with orientation are even more rare。The so -called originality，must be in the inner system，Independent proposal of original concepts and categories with extensive influence。In this regard，Few people do now，I rarely see hard work trying to do this，This is probably a fatal short board that needs to be replenished in the medieval history of domestic medieval.。

(The author is the former director of the ancient Middle Ages of the World in China、Former Vice President of the British History Research Association、Senior Professor of the European Civilization Research Institute of Tianjin Normal University; lecturer at the Institute of European Civilization Research Institute of Tianjin Normal University)