Mongolia Dingzong II (1247)，Political and religious leaders representing all walks of life in Tibet、Tibetan Buddhist Buddhist Sakya School Samya Corpo (Sagan ") Gongga Jianzan (1182-1251)，The prince of the Mongolian Khanate in Liangzhou (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province) should be stationed in Liangzhou (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province)，grandson of Genghis Khan、Wo Kuotai second son、Dingzong Guiyu's brother) Invitation，Regardless of the age of age and the road dangerous，Go to Liangzhou，Hold talks on the issue of belonging to Tibet。Broad -end and Sa Ban pass through a series of negotiations，Stimulate the relationship between the central government and Tibet，Reach important consensus，Tibet is officially incorporated into China，Become an inseparable part of the sacred territory of the great motherland。Tibetan ancestors、氐、Tubo，Since ancient、Economy、Cultural communication，This talks make the Tibetan compatriots become part of the uns separation of the Chinese nation family。"Liangzhou talks" shortly，The Yuan government set up a management agency in Tibet、Check the hukou、Party officials、Rebuilding Gongfu，Make Tibet really under the management of the central government。

，In the discussion of some scholars，"Liangzhou talks" every time "Liangzhou Talks" as "Liangzhou League"。In fact，"talks" and "League"，Although there is only one word，But its meaning is very different。

　　bet365 best casino games

What is the "League"? "Ci Hai" Raiders the example of Qi Gong Guild bet365 best casino games League During the Spring and Autumn Period，Explain the meaning of "League"，Release: The League is the "assembly between ancient princes、Booking alliance。"Historical Records of Qi Tai Gong Family": ‘Gong’ s Sheng，Xiuzhengzheng，I thought the princes' alliance called Bo，Is not to be "! "Ci Yuan" said: "League，Ancient vassal countries gather alliances。"Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong Three Years": ‘The princes are three years old and hired，Five years old and dynasty，No Association and League，No Association and League。'"Historical Records · Qin Ji · Gong Gong Ten Years": ‘when it is，Chu Ba，For the League of League。'""，The term "League" has a specific meaning，Refers to the gatherings and alliances held between the ancient vassal states。The main body of the League is the vassal country，Its purpose is to seek hegemony or other related interests。

Inspection of "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Zhuan", "Mandarin", "Historical Records" and other books，The historical development of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods for more than 500 years，The League between the vassal states is endless。For example，Spring and Autumn Period，Qi Jiong Gong "Cultivation Capital，Rich Country Strong Soldiers "，Become the first of "Five Battle"。Subsequent，Qi Jiong Gong several conference princes，Especially the first year of King Zhou Xiang (before 651) held in Kwaiqiu (Northeast of Civil Affairs County, Henan Province)，Even Zhou Tianzi also sent someone to participate，Its dominance reaches its peak。Another example，After the war of the battle of Jinchu City (now Lintong Town, Tancheng County, Shandong Province) in 632 BC，The small country of the Central Plains got rid of the control of the Chu State，Attached bet365 best casino games to Jin State。Post -war，The princes of the Jinwen Gong Conference in the practice of the soil (southwest of Yuanyang County, Henan Province)，Zhou Xiang Wang Sui officially registered Jin Wengong as an overlord，thus achieved the performance of "taking Wenda"。Is the winter，Jin Wengong convened Qi、Qin、Song、Lu、Zheng、Chen、Cai、Princes and other countries in the country in Wenxian, Wen (Wenxian, Henan Province)，King Zhou Xiang was also called to the meeting，The status of the Jin Dynasty dominance is increasingly consolidated。

Another example，Two "Soldiers" meeting was held in the spring and autumn。For the first time in King Zhou Jian for the first seventh year (before 579)，initiated by Song Guo's ruling Bi Yuan，About Hechu Jin，Meeting in the Song Dynasty，Establishing forces without using force、Help each other、Rescue crisis、Commonly crusade the alliance of the vassal of the princes。So，Temporary truce between Jinchu。But，Only three years after the establishment of an alliance，Chu State governs the "Enemies for Entry，What is the it? "，Torn alliance，Hope peace。Long -term battle，People are tired of running their lives，Hope peace，So a soldier conference of 14 vassal states participated in Songdu (Shangqiu City, Henan Province)。Jinchu two major countries use the soldiers' conference，Sacrifice the interests of small and medium -sized countries，Divided the hegemony，Maintenance of balance。

According to Zhu Shaohou's "Ancient Chinese History" statistics，"Spring and Autumn" recorded in 242 years，There are as many as 483 times in war conducted by the vassal states，Film Alliance Club 450 times。Scholars generally think，These military operations and the Fighter Federation Bet365 app download are actually plundering of large countries to small countries。Jin State stipulates that various subsidiaries are "three years old and hired，Five years old and dynasty，No Association and League，Nothing to associate "，This is used to extract property and interests from small countries。And small kingdoms always "strong is"，"There is no shortage of tribute，When you play well, "。

　　The League of the League of the League See History

time to the Warring States Period，​​The League between the vassal states is still common in history。For example，King Wei Hui for seeking hegemony，In the 8th year of King Zhou Xian (361), he met Han Zhaohou。Three years later，It is forced to form alliance with Han Zhaohou through military pressure。Two years later (before 356)，Lu、Song、Guard、Han's monarchs go to the DPRK to see King Wei Hui，so as to make it the leader of the princes。Zhou Xian Wang 18 years，Wei and Zhao Guo alliance on Zhangshui，Combining with Qi State，To deal with Qin Kingdom。，Wei、Qi、Zhao、Qin has started a five -year fierce war，Wei Guo still maintains hegemony。Zhou Xianwang 25 years，King Wei Hui convened the Fengze Conference，Participants with 12 vassal states。

Another example，The famous "Combat Lianlian Heng"，is to fight for the country、A series of alliance activities performed by isolated and hostile vassals。The vertical vertical is the meaning of "combining the public to attack and attacking one strong"，To prevent mergers from the power of the power; even the meaning of "the strength is to attack the crowd"，Powerful country forces the weak country to help them merge。From the region,，Originally Han、Zhao、Wei is the main，Beilianyan，Nanlian Chu，connected north and south;，East and West is connected to horizontal。Initial，Bullets can be used to bet365 best casino games Qin，can also be aligned;，can also be connected。until the war of Changping，Only solidified into the conjunction of the vertical refers to the six nations and resisted Qin Qin、Lian Hengzhi Six Kingdoms surrendered the meaning of Qin Kingdom。

Not only this in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，Other historical periods also have a "League" move。For example，After the Anshi Rebellion，Tang Dynasty's national strength decline，Tubo took the opportunity to be strong，Military struggle with the Tang Dynasty for decades。Frequent wars weaken the national strength of Tubo，After entering the 9th century，Tubo started from prosperity to decline，Unable to expand outward，So seek to reconcile with the Tang Dynasty。According to the record of "Book of Old Tang · Tubo"，In the first year of Changqing (821)，Tubo Zanpu Ke Lie Ke (806-841，This translation of "Chizu Dezan") dispatched to the Tang Dynasty requesting alliance，Concluded Friendship League Best。Tang Dynasty also attaches great importance to，The grand league ceremony has been held in Changan and Tubo in the Tang Dynasty.。Alliance emphasizes "suffering from each other，Storm does not do "，Always get along well。The Tang Fanhui Monument established by Changqing three years，It still stands in front of the Gate of Jokhang Temple in Lhasa。

　Liangzhou talks are not "League"

We may wish to compare the difference between the "Liangzhou talks" and "League"。Persons attending the "Liangzhou talks"，One side represents the central government、Mongolian Khanate princes in Liangzhou，The other party is the political and educational leaders of the local monks in Tibet, Sakya Canda Zhida Gongga Jianzan。The two parties are representatives of the central and local bet365 Play online games governments，instead of the representative between the princes and the princes or the "country" and "country"。The purpose of the talks is that Tibet is included in the territory of the motherland in a peaceful way，Seeking national unity，instead of seeking hegemony between the vassal states、The behavior of plundering the small country。The results of the talks have attributed Tibet to the territory of the great motherland，Tibetan compatriots were incorporated into the embrace of the Chinese nation family。Liangzhou talks are neither the vassal states to control several small countries、Acts of strengthening your own strength，Or some small nations depend on the behavior of their own survival and interests，It is not evenly matched between the regimes of both parties、Seeking a move that gets along well。

visible，"League" and "talks" are very different。If Liangzhou talks are said as "Liangzhou League"，Then the purpose of the conversation of Liangzhou will be great，The great significance and profound impact of the great derogation and dwarf Liangzhou talks。So，"Liangzhou talks" must not be said to be the "Liangzhou League"。

"Liangzhou talks" conforms to the trend of historical development，Reflected the general trend of Chinese historical development，promoted the further consolidation and development of a unified multi -ethnic country，It also shows that the state's stability and unity、Friendly unity of the nation，Combining the common interests of the people of all ethnic groups across the country。The success of the "Liangzhou talks" was held，I also won peace and peace for Tibet，Promoting the progress and development of Tibetan society。Just as the Tibetan historical book "Qing History"，Monk of Weizang、bet365 best casino games Disciples and Lords and other sentient beings，After reading talks "Sakya Banzhi Zhida to Fanfan Book"，"Dancing with all happiness"，Expressing the eager expectations and sincere support of the general public of Tibet monks and customs for the results of the talks。

(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Northwest Normal University、Participants of the People's Government of Gansu Province、Director of the Turpan Society in Dunhuang, China)