In China，The concept of "literature" in the modern sense has appeared for more than a hundred years of history，But the criticism and theoretical works around literature have been rolled out，The standard of literary criticism is a hot topic that has been repeatedly mentioned and discussed。Is there objective literary criticism standards? Who is qualified to propose and construct these standards?，It is also several major problems that the Chinese literary criticism world is urgently today。To answer these questions，First of all, you must inspect how literary criticism standards are gradually constructed in different historical periods and cultural contexts in the history of the development of Chinese and Western literature.。

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Since the early 20th century，The scientificization of literary criticism in the Western discipline system，Mainstream literary criticism standards also have significant steering，Impression criteria based on critics based on critics' personal experience and concepts that dominate the 19th century，Steering of scientific criticism standards based on more universal and standardized。

But in many aspects，There are significant differences in the views of different criticism of the literary criticism of different criticisms。Formatal criticism and new criticisms advocate the criticism paradigm for the constructing body theory，Limited the standard of literary criticism in the text，Not only the social and historical factors other than any literature，It even excludes the internal factors including writers and readers。They think，You can grasp the most correct text evaluation method in the form of text form，Then construct a criteria for criticism Bet365 app download that transcend the times and regions。Structuralism criticism and prototype criticism will focus on the way of examining literary significance in the text，to avoid positive construction of literary criticism。But they often interpret classic works，So，In the process of selecting an analysis object，The qualifications of the literary criticism standard have been secretly constructed to the classic process of literature。Criticism and interpretation of phenomenology places literary value in the author's consciousness、Inspection in the dynamic relationship between the text meaning and the reader's explanation，denies that there are pure and objective literary criticism standards，Instead of advocating a relatively criticism criteria，And believe that this standard can be effective for a long time in evaluating the internal factors of literature，But this view brings the risk of the proliferation of relativity criticism。

Western Marxism、Psychoanalysis criticism and ethical criticism, more starting from literary external factors to construct literary criticism standards，The degree of reflection of the historical reality of the work from the work、The degree of expression of the unconscious structure of culture or society and the degree of revealing the essence of moral ideology，Construct the standards for literary criticism that considers reasonable。Although these criticism genres have the effect of correction of textalism to a certain extent，But this is inevitable to use literature with its independent value and meaning operation method as a background or footnote in other fields，Also there is suspicion of overkill。Especially since the 1970s，A large number of criticism theories that emerged under the influence of deconstruction and postmodernism are generally considered，The "cage" of the discourse itself isolates the truth outside the scope we can bet365 live casino games know。These criticism theories are trying to push the existing literary values ​​by destroying the meaning of fixed text，This not only cancels the objectivity and authority of all previous criticism standards，and also hinder the construction of new criticism standards，Even the rationality of the standard of literary criticism itself has been questioned。Many scholars are worried，These "post -" theories through the deconstruction and subversion of literary classics，Place value theory before literature itself，It will lose the foundation of literary research and eventually lead to the decline of literature。Literary criticism standards in the current diversified theoretical context and how to exist，It is still the focus of competition in the western literary theory。

　Chinese literature theory of the Chinese literary criticism criteria and reflection

From the starting point with the new cultural movement，Western Xuedong has gradually had a profound impact on the modernization process of Chinese literature theory。When facing the problem of divergent opinions in literary criticism standards，Chinese literary theory circles explore in different historical stages in combination with their own national conditions and ideological context，Promoting the development of Chinese literature theory。

Discussion on the standard of literary criticism during the May 4th period of Chinese academic circles，The "beauty" (artistic standards) and "true" (real standards) that are mainly concentrated in literature are the problems that dominate。Ask True School on the basis of inheriting traditional cultural resources such as "Poetry and Words" and "Essays"，Absorb Marxist literary theory after the renovation of the Russian and Soviet realism，Pay more attention to literature's reflection and criticism of society，Therefore, when constructing the standard of literary criticism, it emphasizes the degree of literary intervention in reality ("for life")。Beauty sects on the basis of inheriting Bet365 lotto review traditional literary theory resources such as "poetry love" and "poetry"，Drawing on new criticism and other formalist literature，Pay more attention to the tension of literary aesthetic meaning and emotional performance that transcends realistic and emotional performance ("without utilitarian")。The dispute between the two literary criticism standards lasted for more than 20 years，Until Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" proposed "Putting on the first place with political standards，Put the second place with artistic standards "，This argument comes to an end。

Since the reform and opening up，It is marked with the "translation fever" and "aesthetic heat" accompanied by the liberation of thought，How to build a new literary criticism standard once again become a hot issue in the academic world。After the 1990s，The domestic academic community has begun to consciously build original Chinese literature criticism words，How to construct the standard of literary criticism This issue has also been discussed more comprehensive and in -depth。Including a series of new concepts such as "the subjectivity of literature", "Chinese literary theory", "rewriting literary history", "daily life aesthetics"，Causes waves of contention。On the basis of reflecting on Western literary theory，The academic community proposes many claims and opinions on literary criticism standards with Chinese characteristics，Literary criticism standard issues have also been transformed from pure theoretical interpretation to criticism of criticism of Chinese literary experience。

In recent years，Discussion on Chinese scholars on the discussion of "compulsory interpretation theory", "ontology interpretation theory" and "public interpretation theory"，Not only question、Reflection of the applicability and limitations of contemporary Western literary criticism standards，also promoted Bet365 lotto review the continuous development of contemporary Chinese literature research theory and practice。

　Construction of literary criticism standards with Chinese characteristics

time to this day，The works and phenomena faced by literary criticism have undergone unprecedented changes，Globalization、Popularization and new media have become a new trend of literary development，This is a challenge and opportunity for literary criticism。How to construct the standard of literary criticism with Chinese characteristics today，It has become an important question facing the new era of literature and art。

Face this question，First of all。The standard of "aesthetics and history" proposed by Engels that year was because of its tolerance to leave sufficient interpretation space for future researchers，It is also generally regarded as the highest criterion for Chinese literary criticism today。General Secretary Xi Jinping's "Speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art" pointed out，Literary creation should "adhere to the people -centered creative orientation"，Excellent literary and artistic works "It is best to be both ideological、Successful art，Welcome to the market "，Can "spread the concept of contemporary Chinese value、Reflection of the spirit of Chinese culture、Reflect that the Chinese people's aesthetic pursuit，Ideology、Artistic、Organic unity of ornamental "。This is not only based on the new interpretation of the "aesthetics and history" standard based on the actual Chinese literary creation，At the same time, it also provides guidance ideas for constructing literary criticism with Chinese characteristics。

Next，Dialogue between China and the West is still an important way to construct literary criticism in the new era。In the context of media integration and globalization, it has become a big trend，Chinese and Western dialogue should not be just a translation introduction or brief explanation for foreign academic perspectives bet365 best casino games as in the past，Instead, it should be transformed into a wider and deep two -way communication。The specific path includes but is not limited to inviting foreign scholars to visit China for a long time，Chinese scholars visit abroad and communicate directly with the Western academic community、Published a direct theoretical dialogue with Western scholars to publish a foreign language.，In the process，Really "please come in" and "go global"。

Last，It should also be based on local literary practice，Explore the standard system of literary criticism with Chinese characteristics。History has been repeatedly proved，Directly "tailoring" Chinese literary practice with the theoretical discourse of the West is unreasonable。In the current cultural context of China，Literature requires new criticism standards for systematic evaluation，and criticism criteria for different types of literature should have different focus。A typical example is online literature，It is not only developing rapidly，and has initially produced international impact through translation。So，Criticism criteria for constructing Chinese online literature is imminent。Thinking about this problem obviously needs to consider culture、Reader、Market and media and many factors，instead of "market standards" or "cultural standards" can be simply summarized。

The proposal and construction of any literary criticism standard should not be separated from the specific social and historical context。Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's new era of socialist thought with Chinese characteristics，I believe that the construction of the "old -fashioned" problem of the construction of literary criticism can be rejuvenated today，Become an organic composition part of "China Wisdom" and "China Plan"，Take this as an opportunity，Contributions to the development of humanities disciplines。

(This article is the theoretical construction and practice research bet365 live casino games of literary and artistic review value systems in philosophy and social sciences in the Ministry of Education of the Ministry of Education.

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Fujian Normal University)