Zhongshan State belongs to Eastern Zhou Xiaobang，Related literature records are also relatively weak，But because of its complex clan surnames and the process of establishing politics, it has attracted much attention from the academic circles。After the foundation of Zhongshan Wangling in the 1970s，Many mysteries about the history of Zhongshan Kingdom have gradually been solved。But questions about Zhongshan Vulgar，There is no slightest correction，Zhongshan people "Nothing、The game is clever、Sad song generous "custom，It seems to have become a historical conclusion。In recent years，Luohe、Tanghe Basin Zhongshan Archaeological New Discovery，Many new archeological evidence gradually reveals the original appearance of Zhongshan's vulgarity。So，It is necessary to further verify and clarify related literature records，The historical truth to restore the customs of Zhongshan。

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Records of Zhongshan Vulgar，The earliest seen in "Lu's Spring and Autumn · First Acting": "The customs of Zhongshan，Day and night with day，Night Night Night，Men and women cut off，Waves，Kangle，Ballads are so sad。Its Lord Efforts，The wind of this dead country also。"The previous section of the" Lu's Spring and Autumn "is more objective，Its core is "Night and Night ... Noise"，But at the end of the sentence, the tone of "the wind of the country" is set by the customs of Zhongshan。Many documents of various generations since then，Not only does this basic point of view，And more tired rendering and attachment，In short, the customs of Zhongshan belong to the list of vulgar。"Historical Records · Fortune Biography": "Zhongshan Di Bo people，There is still a sand dunes for obscenity，Folklore 懁 Express，Eat on the back of the stand，Husband's gathering game，Sad song generous，Starting with the vertebrae，Xiu Zezuzu is a 巧，Multi -beauty，To promote excellent。"This article traces the root of Zhongshan's custom back to Yin Yan's legacy，Obviously a far -fetched meeting。"Salt and Iron Research · Tong You": "Zhao、Zhongshan ... the people's obscenity is good，luxurious but not to do this，Tianchou does bet365 Play online games not repair，Men and women's decorations，Homeless Fighting，Mingqin in the room ... Song、Guard、Korean、Liang Hao Ben crops。"This article will be mentioned with Zhongshan and Zhao，Compared with the "good crops" of the core vassal states of the Central Plains，to show the "good end" of Zhongshan's vulgarity。"Hanshu · Geography": "Zhao、Zhongshan Di Bo people，Sandal dunes are obscene and obscene。Husband's gathering game，Sad song generous，From the vertebrae，Outstanding rape，Multi -things，To promote excellent。"This article is almost the comprehensive version of" Historical Records "and" Salt and Iron Theory "。

Since then，The bad reputation of Zhongshan has basically become a historical conclusion，There are two main points in summary: one，Zhongshan people have nothing to do with farm and mulberry，and I like the last business of adultery qi。Its two，Zhongshan people gather together on weekdays，Good music song，Sad song generous。Not only that，Due to "Salt and Iron" and "Han Shu" compare Zhao and Zhongshan，Simply superimposed by Zhongshan Vulgar and simply cover it above Zhao Vulgar，From this "grief generosity" and the like becomes the sign of Zhao Vulfa。until modern times，"Sad song generous" has become a prominent symbol of the customs of Yan Zhao's land。Looking back on the description of Zhongshan's vulgarity，From the original simple Zhongshan Vulgar，To the historical kinky wind and customs that are linked to Yin Yan，Then to Zhao、Copy of Zhongshan，Finally, go to Yan Zhao Yifong customs，Among them, the attachment components of the layers of accumulated superposition gradually increase，The original content of Zhongshan's vulgarity was added in both aspects of vertical and horizontal aspects，To the original appearance of Zhongshan's vulgarity becomes more and more blurred。

mutations and attachments on the vulgar records of Zhongshan，Its root starts began in "Lu's Spring and Autumn"。In addition to the simplicity of Zhongshan's vulgar and simplicity as "the wind of the country"，The biggest problem is that it does not specifically describe the background details of "Night and Night ... Hollowing Endless"。So，It is easy to make people associate it with "Kangle Ballad"，As a result, the conclusion of "with the night as a game"。Taking the literature combing and research，It is difficult bet365 best casino games to identify the truth behind the "Lu's Spring and Autumn"。Fortunately, the archeological evidence chain has gradually become clear in recent years，We can see the original appearance of the vulgarity of Zhongshan。

　　Zhongshan Archeology's physical evidence clues

Under the foot of Taihang Mountain、The area between the Tanghe River，The scope of Xianyu State during the Spring and Autumn Period，The core territory of Zhongshan State during the Warring States Period basically followed the old place of Xianyu。The name of Xianyu，or from the Luohe River Branches and Wheel Water，or the name of the Central Plains Huaxia people in the northern country in the northern country。Xianyu State is located in the northeast border of the Kingdom，Calendar Spring and Autumn Generation，"Jinjie Xianyu" records，Common in "Spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Zhuan"。But the end of the spring and autumn，Jin Kingdom has never been able to overcome Xianyu。From about the late Spring and Autumn Period，The name of Zhongshan started to see each other with Xianyu，Despite the details of the connection between the two, there are many missing items，But a little support from the literature and archeological evidence，That is, when the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhongshan is in the core territory、Many aspects of national subjects and cultural characteristics，All inherited the tradition of Xianyu。Therefore, it can be said，Early Zhongshan Vulgar before Wei Dan Zhongshan，It should be the continuation and development of spring and autumn and vulgarity。

From the 1970s to the present，Luohe、The accumulation of the East Zhou River Basin in the East Zhou River Basin is getting richer and richer，The context of the cultural development of the early Zhongshan from the spring and autumn to the early Warring States Period is becoming clearer，Among them, the vulgar archeological physical evidence involved in Zhongshan，Mainly unearthed in various types of tombs，Reflected in the burial system、Funeral customs and funerals，Can be summarized as three points。One，Tomb shape。Popular stone barriers or stacked accumulated stone tombs during the Spring and Autumn Period，The proportion of Jishi tombs during the Warring States Period decreased，The proportion of ordinary soil pit tombs rises。Its two，Funeral items。Generally includes two systems with different styles: one bet365 live casino games is a bronze、瓠、Golden Panci、Beast -shaped gold medal ornaments, etc.，represents the cultural characteristics of the northern nation; the other group is the Bronze Ding of the Central Plains Fashion、甗、罍、Dun、匜 匜。Three，System of Martyrdom。Funeral sheep in the early Warring States Periods、Niu and Horse and other livestock，Common funeral forms are head and foot and hoof parts。

Funeral and funeral customs can best reflect the identity and life of the tomb owner's life，Therefore, it is the most cultural attribute materialized evidence。The most close relationship with Zhongshan is the most close relationship.，It should reflect the economic form of the living industry of Zhongshan，That is the material economic basis of Zhongshan's vulgar material。According to the statistics of the funeral pit of the early Warring States Period of the Warring States Period in Tang County, Xingxian County, Hebei Province，A total of nearly 400 lives，Among them, sheep account for 82.8 %，including goats and sheep; followed by cattle and horses，9.7 % and 7.5 %, respectively。Although this ratio does not represent the true composition of animal husbandry，But at least the first position of the sheep in the animal husbandry，The high proportion of sheep is an important indicator of the developed animal husbandry industry。

Archaeological evidence seen in the tombs，Spring and Autumn Period to Xianyu to the early Warring States Period，Economic form is roughly mainly animal husbandry，Or at least the animal husbandry and agriculture。In the livestock，The proportion of sheep is the largest。The basis for this inference has two clear side evidence。First，Jianhe Tomb in the area of ​​Tanghe、Factors such as animals and northern systems，It is similar to the characteristics of the tombs in the Sanggan River Basin and the tombs around Yanshan，and the latter belongs to the culture of the northern animal husbandry people, it has been recognized by the academic community。Next，The area of ​​Yanshan has been since the late Western Zhou Dynasty，The climate tends to dry cold，Although there are warmer during the Spring and Autumn Period, the precipitation is scarce。Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Two，Stress forced by the animal husbandry industry，Some northern ethnic groups move south，Xianyu in the Luohe River -Tanghe Basin is likely to be related to the ethnic group in bet365 best casino games the south.。So，The evidence chain provided by many archaeological clues can be commissioned，At least before the early Warring States Period，Animal Husbandry, mainly shepherds, occupies the core position in the economic form of Xianyu -Zhongshan State。This is exactly the key basis for revealing the original appearance of Zhongshan。

　The historical truth of Zhongshan Vulgar

If Xianyu -Zhongshan State before the Warring States Period is mainly animal husbandry，Then the content of Zhongshan in "Lu's Spring and Autumn" needs to be re -examined。Evidence of comprehensive literature and archeology，There are three fallacies in this text。

First，Error of Behavior Background。The shepherd dispels the lonely night protection of the long night with a sad song，Confusion misunderstandings are extravagant and extravagant behaviors。There is a large difference in production methods in the production mode of animal husbandry and farming。Large -scale animal husbandry needs to plan and operate the ranch，The most important of which is the four seasons and short -term rotation of the pasture。It is necessary to match and coordinate in the animal husbandry method，For example，Fixed camps and temporary camps、Circle care and loose support、Daily release and night revenue。In most cases，Shepherd's rotation night becomes a kind of normal。Damniac's sorrowful songs in the long night，I'm afraid it's not just to dispel loneliness，More has become a way of lifestyle。About this，There are many evidence in national science，Animals and animal husbandry people can sing and dance well is almost a common phenomenon。So，The so -called "Night Night ... Night ... Endless ... Ballads and Sadness" Yunyun，It should be a side shadow of the shepherd's work。And this habit is likely to be integrated into daily life，This becomes a national custom。After the Warring States Period early，The proportion of animal husbandry began to decline gradually，But this kind of living custom still retains for a long time。From the perspective of the Central Plains farming nation，Of course, this kind of alien customs are somewhat special，But if it is attributed to ugly vulgar，I am afraid it is a bit narrow and arbitrarily.。

​​Second，Error in time interval。Fresh Yu -Zhongshan Vulgar，Replacement of Zhongshan Vulgar, which is mixed in the middle and late period of the Warring States Period。The customs of Zhongshan contained in "Lu's Spring Bet365 lotto review and Autumn"，Recorded from Zhou Weigong's conversation with Jin Kingdom，The test time is roughly in the era of Wei Dan Zhongshan，Therefore, the situation reflected is the custom of customs before the Warring States Period。Documents and archeological materials indicate，The late Zhongshan culture after the recovery of Zhongshan after the early Warring States Period，major changes compared with the previous period，Its iconic incident is the increase in the proportion of Zhongxianization，The living industry model is converted to agriculture，Confucian culture is becoming more prosperous，The customs of Zhongshan in this stage will also be a huge change.。So，About the customs of Zhongshan，We need to dynamically observe and evaluate due to time，Can't confuse the two historical stages before and after。

third，Misty error of hasty。A living custom produced by the production method of animal husbandry，Simple and hastily qualitatively as "the wind of the country"。The student model often creates and affects the living customs that affect the crowd，The national characteristics of the northern ethnic group have a wide and direct cause and effect contact with animal husbandry。Cultural differences and identification between the farming group and animal husbandry groups are normal，But it is not appropriate to upgrade it into a moral judgment，Easily qualitatively as "the wind of the country"。and the literature after "Lu's Spring and Autumn"，Not only this kind of fallacy is followed，and keep adding、New misunderstanding of layers。For example，Take Yin Yan's legacy as the source of Zhongshan's customs，From this to prove the evil of the origin of Zhongshan。Even common crimes such as "vertebral excavation mounds"，Hodgepodge in the customs of Zhongshan。and "Homeless Fighting，Mingqin in the room "and other evaluations，It's full of ridicule。In short，Once the vulgarity of Zhongshan is determined to the "wind of the dead country"，It seems that it can be stored in many ugly vulgarity。This may be used as a form of Confucianization education，But it is not appropriate for historical records and research。

To sum up，If you correct the three fallacies of the customs contained in Zhongshan in "Lu's Spring and Autumn"，then the original truth of the custom of Zhongshan can be basically restored。The so -called "Night Night ... Night ... Noise ... Ballads are so sad" Bet365 lotto review and so on，It is probably just a kind of attachment habit in the production process of animal husbandry，and have been integrated into the daily life customs。In short，"Night Night" is a kind of night labor，instead of not doing business, only for "game ballad"，"Ballads and Sadness" are just a derivative custom of hard work。

According to the comprehensive research of new archeological evidence and related literature，Historical conclusions about Zhongshan's customs need to be re -examined and corrected。The so -called Zhongshan people "don't do nothing、The game is clever、Sad song generous "custom，Its essential background should be a kind of living customs born in the process of animal husbandry operation。Clarity and recovery of the original appearance of Zhongshan，For in -depth exploration of the surname of the Zhongshan tribe、National ingredients and economy types，Especially for re -understanding the historical process of Zhongshan Kingdom，It has important significance。

(Author is a researcher at Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute、Deputy Director of the two weeks of the Archaeological Committee of the Chinese Archaeological Society)