■ Erligang cultural scope diagram (according to "Chinese archeology · Xia Shang Volume" early business cultural distribution diagram and Wang Lixin's "Early Business Culture Research" Figure 8 of the author/

Creation of text、Use of metallurgical technology、The emergence of cities is considered a sign of civilization。Text is a writing symbol system that records language and is different from language，It is an important communication tool for human society。The emergence of text breaks through the time and space limitations of language communication，and can record、Save human cultural activities，It plays a key role in social development and civilization。Therefore，Origin and origin of text and civilization have always been a major academic problem that the academic world is concerned about。

　　Bet365 lotto review Origin of Chinese characters，The academic community has focused on the pottery found in the new stone era culture、Jade、Drawing symbols or patterns of bone angle，Think that these portrayal or patterns provide a basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters。Current，It is found that there are nearly 100 places in the pre -historical ruins that are portrait.，Scholars are also trying to organize these prehistoric symbol materials，Intent to outline text generation、The pulse of development。However, the unearthed locations of these symbols are often sporadic，Handling casual，Lack of organic connections between each other。Most of the symbols unearthed from different sites are many circles，There are some symbols that present their own unique regional characteristics，And most of the symbols are incompatible with the system of Yin Shang in the system。

Scholars may think that the earliest portrayal symbol in China appeared at the site of the Jiahu Lake in Wuyang, Henan，The source of the text may go back to 8000 years ago。Another scholar inferred that China had official text at least during the Yu Xia period，If a flat pottery pot is found on bet365 live casino games a flat pottery pot at the site of the Tao Temple in Xiangfen, Shanxi, the word "text" of the brush Zhu Shu。But these examples are lonely in their sites，Can't prove that the text system was generated at the time。

　　Erlou culture failed to create text.Erlitou cultural period，Established a primary wide -area kinglog country with Erlitou sites as the core。According to Jingzhongwei、Wang Lixin edited "Xia, Shang and Zhou Archeology" (Science Press 2013 Edition) induction，The ruins of the culture of Erlitou are mainly concentrated in the central and western regions of Henan Province，Late to the east to Kaifeng to East Henan、Shangqiu area，Arrive south to Xinyang、Nanyang，Arrive to Huaxian West，Arrive north to the north bank of the Yellow River。But in this range，Erlitou culture has cultural characteristics in different areas。The academic community distinguishes the culture of Erlou into different types。

Erli type type is centered on Henan Luoyang Basin，East to Zhengzhou，Beida Qinshui along the coast，Sanmen Gorge west，South to Nanyang。Miles such as deep abdomen and abdominal tanks in the two -mile type pottery group，There are also Ding、甗。There is a jue in the drinking heater、觚、盉、鬶、Zun、Beans、Three -foot dish、Ping Botat、簋。The water heater has a cup、pot、pinching tank。The memory is folded along the pot、Volume along the pot、cylinder, etc.。Other device categories have carvings pots、Barrier, etc.。Nijiaogang type is mainly distributed in Kaifeng area。The device class is mainly deep -abdominal can、Bading can、鬲。In addition, there are Zun、pinching tank、Pot、Beans、engraved slot basin、Three -foot dish、Ding、簋、甑，This type of pottery has its own characteristics，The academic community believes that the type of Niujiaogang is formed by the fusion of the two -liter type of Erlitou in Dongjin, and the convergence of Yue Shi culture and the cultural factors of the lower Qiyuan。Yangzhuang Type，In the area of ​​Zhumadian, Henan，Popular Tao Ding、Pin Ear round belly can、No current、Convergence Bet365 app download of Ding Ding Ding Ding Ding, etc.，Longshan cultural factors from the middle of the Huaihe River。Xiawanggang type，General in southwestern Henan, south of Wumi Mountain。The round belly can in the pottery、Deep -belly can、Big mouth Zun、Convergence Pot、pot、Beans、甑 甑，Stranging tank、Carving tanks unique。Another，It is mainly distributed in the east von type of the Linfen Basin and the Yuncheng Basin，Some scholars attribute it to a place type of Erlitou culture，But its deep -abdomen can、Bading can、甑、Features of deep abdominal basin，and rare Ding、pinching tank、Four Series Pot、High -handle beans、Three -foot dish、Volume along the pot、Dwarf collars, etc., such as the same period of the same period of the two -mile type，It is more appropriate to distinguish it from the culture of Erlitou。

Nijiaogang type、Yangzhuang Type、Below Wanggang type is not too early than the second phase of Erlitou culture，Although the main appearance is consistent with the type of Erlitou，But most of them have local factors from the influence of heterogeneous culture in the local or nearby regions。Their production is likely to be related to the expansion of the two types of people in the Erlitou type，is the secondary type of the second mile type。

From the perspective of distribution，Erlitou culture has spanned multiple cultural types，From the perspective of across regions，Erlitou Culture already has the condition of using text。On the pottery unearthed at the two miles，I have also found many "portrait symbols"。But the type of Erlou is the main body and core of the culture of Erlou，The current site is mainly distributed in the Luoyang Basin，And Nijiaogang type、Yangzhuang Type and Xiawanggang Types Small，Erlitou culture cross -regional、The characteristics of the multi -cultural characteristics are not very prominent。Similarly, Tao Temple Culture with Tao Temple sites as the core，The main distribution areas are only in Linfen Basin，Lack of characteristics of multi -region and culture。Although both of them have formed a kingship、There is a certain territory with Du Yiyi，It is also Bet365 lotto review found that there are portrayal symbols and Zhu Shu symbols，But due to the limitations of its distribution range，Erlitou culture and Tao Temple culture may not create text。

　　Erligang Culture Create text.The regional scope of the Erligang culture distribution developed after Erlitou culture expands greatly，Cultural types have also greatly increased。"Chinese Archeology · Xia Shang Volume" (2003 edition of Science Press)，summarize it into seven types。Erligang type，distribution range east to Luyi、柘 City，West to Huaxian，North Cross Yellow River，South to Tongbai Mountain，There are Zhengzhou Mall and Yanshi Mall。Liuli Pavilion type，distributed in the south of Luohe、Taihang Mountain in the northeast of Qinhe。There is no significant difference in the same type of combination of instruments。Mengzhuang, Hui County、Two cities of Jiaozuo Mansion。Beicun type，Distribution range east to Lantian、Huaxian，Xida Qishan、Fufeng，South of Tongchuan，Central Guanzhong Central Guanzhong region north of Qinling。Its relics are similar to that of Erligang type。Dongxia Feng type，It is mainly distributed in the Fenhe River in the southwestern region of Jin、downstream and Laoshui River Basin，north of the Yellow River，South Huoshan。Its pottery、The type of pottery is roughly the same as the Erligang type，There is Dongxia Feng Mall in the area、Yuanqu Mall。Panlong City Type，Distributed in Hanshui east、South of Tongbai Mountain、Region north of the Yangtze River。The commonality and differences between its pottery and the type of Erligang are obvious，But Panlong City types of bronze container、Weapons and tools are closer to similar devices in the Erligang type，Decoration near the same，Other jade、Stone、Boneware, etc. are also the same as the Erligang type。There is Panlong City Mall in the area。Great City Pier Type，distributed between Jianghuai, Anhui，Huo Shan、Northern area of ​​Chaohu，Pottery and Erligang type are different，Reflecting local characteristics; the bronze wares are the same as the type of Erligang。Taiwan West Type，distributed in Yishui、South of Zhangjiakou，Luohe、Taihang Shanshan Fastern Plain north of Xingtai。Its pottery、Ceramics and Frequently Ones，bronze rituals and weapons and stones、Bone、The mussel device is basically consistent with the type of Erligang。Da Xinzhuang Type，distributed in the main distribution area of ​​the original Yueshi culture in Shandong。The main body of its pottery group is the same or similar as the typical Erligang type similar device，A small amount of a small amount is close to the local Yueshi culture。and bronze、Jade、Stone tools and bones are generally consistent with those with Erligang type。

Erligang type is distributed in the center of Erligang culture，was culture at that time、Politics、Regional core。The above seven types are divided into the surroundings of the Erligang type。Its cultural appearance，In particular, bronze wares that symbolize high -level etiquette cultural systems，Show obvious commonality，It can reflect the expansion of Erligang culture to the Quartet，Culture of other ethnic groups at the same time，to form a multi -ethnic group to participate in construction、Reorganizing the continuous growth process of the wider reorganization。So，The distribution range of Erligang culture far exceeds the culture of Erlitou culture and any previous archeology culture，Its north will arrive in Yishui，Nanda Yangtze River，West to Chuanzhong，East to Shandong，The area covering is close to the scope of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Become a truly wide -regional kingship country。

In such a vast area，Geographical landforms thousands of differences，There are high mountains and rivers、There is a plateau Pinggu，The climate is different from north and south，There are differences in products。History occupied by various types、Humanities traditions also have their own thousand autumn，The blood margins of the crowd have their own origins。So，The words of the various types of the two types of culture are undoubtedly different。To manage such a vast area，convey information，Exercise power，It must have a barrier that breaks bet365 Play online games through different ethnic groups for transmission、Tools for communication and record information。This demand should be the inner power generated by the text system。The creation and use of text，Writing system of becoming a system and thought，The businessman can expand、Occupy and control such a vast area provides possible。Mutualization of the two，Achieve each other。

The latest pottery unearthed from the Western Site of Hebei, which belongs to Erligang culture, is engraved with pictographs such as "eyes", "sky" and "stop"，Henan Zhengzhou Xiaoshuangqiao site unearthed on the pot tank unearthed with Zhu Shu's "Yin", "Broken", "Sky", "East" and other symbols，Its body characteristics are just as text of the Yin Shang period，belongs to the same text system，Explain that the text system in the latest stage of Erligang Culture (scholar or in the middle business period) has been created and used。

The city site during this period can be described as starlight，Zhengzhou Mall、Yanshi Mall，Small Shuangqiao Site and other capitals，Panlong City、Wangjing Tower、Fucheng、Yuanqu、Dongxia Feng and other South、North Military Town，Echo each other，The basic pattern and power structure of the early business civilization。Making of Bronze Rites、arrangement and application，Realize the integration and unity of the belief and etiquette system of different ethnic groups。So，Text、City address、Bronze Three Achievements，Early business civilization in the cultural stage of Erdi Gang。

Scholars mostly think that the origin of Chinese text (Chinese character system) is a long process，From nothing to、From less to more、Keep breeding、Creation、Choose and accumulate from multiple origin to the agreed unified process。But，The legend is Cangjie (as well as Cangjie)，"Huainanzi · This Scripture Training" contains: "Cangjie wrote a book and Tianyu Su，Ghost Night Cry。"Since having text，Human society launched a civilized process。It is not possible to deny the possibility of creating text in the short term。The knowledge of symbols needs to be accumulated，The emergence of text is creation。Khitanwen、bet365 best casino games Xixiawen、Bestbawen is the text system created by the elite team under the leadership of the rulers。From the above analysis，Users of Erligang Culture，At the same time is the creator，This short time during the Erligang culture stage，Created the text system。This is likely to be the historical core of the legend of "Cangjie"。About the origin of Chinese characters，It seems that there is no need to go back to the prehistoric era。In the relics of the Erligang culture period，Perhaps there may be the imprint of the glory moment of the creative text。

　(This article is the ancient Chinese characters and the Chinese civilization inheritance and development project "The Classification History of the Inscription Ethnic Classification of the Capital and Zhou Bronze" (G2212) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)