Bourdieu’s concept of “bet365 sports” is deeply rooted in the Western intellectual tradition,Philosophers Aristotle, Hegel and Husserl all used related concepts。Bourdieu just "resurrected" a traditional vocabulary,New wine brewed in old bottles,This eliminates the need to fall back to the subject、Old-school continental philosophy of self or consciousness。Bourdieu originally applied the concept of bet365 sports to anthropological fieldwork on the Kabyle tribe in the mountains of Algeria。In Algeria,He saw traditional society as opposed to the modern world,And the impact of this opposition on individual destiny。
In the Chinese world,A concept similar to "bet365 sports" is Li Zehou's so-called cultural psychological structure。Li Zehou believes that Confucianism is at the core of Chinese culture。The so-called “surface” structure of Confucianism,Refers to Confucianism and the Confucian political and religious system since the Qin and Han Dynasties、Rules and regulations、Ethical Outline、Order of life、Ideology, etc.,It manifests itself as a social and cultural phenomenon,Basically a rational value structure or knowledge-power system。The so-called "deep" structure,It is the life attitude of "people don't know what they use every day"、Mindset、Emotional orientation,Basically, it is an individual psychological structure in a perceptual form with emotion and reason as the backbone。
Li Zehou’s so-called cultural psychological structure,Specifically refers to the "deep" structure of Confucianism,Mainly points to Chinese culture,Especially how Confucianism returns to its roots and creates new ideas when faced with the impact and challenges of Western culture,The emphasis is on the aspect of cultivation,Toward the future while accepting the past;Opposite,Bourdieu’s “habitus” emphasizes reflection、Critical side,After a relatively quiet early career and the failure of various radical movements,Reflections on pre-capitalism and criticism of modern capitalism。Bourdieu claimed,The purpose of the concept bet365 sports mainly to get rid of the intellectualist philosophy of action,It regards people as economic humans acting rationally。The following attempts to reveal its cultural and psychological implications from three aspects。
bet365 sports dimension
From a cognitive perspective,The main uses of bet365 sports include the following two。The first is bet365 sports as a perceptual and categorical structure。Bourdieu when studying the Kabyle tribe,According to the difference between men and women,To divide things and practices in the world。Outside、Formal occasions、right side、Dry place、High place、The man in the discontinuous condition is responsible for completing all short-term tasks、Dangerous behavior;Inside、Damp place、Lower、Women in the bent and continuous states are assigned all housework。
Bourdieu believes,In tribal society,Women obey the male dominance order,Look at yourself as a man,Become an accomplice of the men who rule them。bet365 sports means,Women in tribal society are thinking about themselves、When thinking about rulers and their relationship with rulers,Uses the same cognition as the ruler、Evaluation and Action Mode,The ruled unknowingly participate in their own rule。
The second is bet365 sports as a generating structure for practical actions。Piaget emphasizes,Cognitive structures are not static symbolic representations,But a generative body schema。In this way,People are able to translate these representational structures into identifiable action plans in the world,Then obtain new cognitive structures from feedback from actual actions。Piaget’s cognitive structure’s ability to both construct and be constructed,Precisely the key element in Bourdieu’s definition of bet365 sports。
Piaget believed that school education as an arena is of great significance to the formation of socialized self,Bourdieu studies education as a system that reproduces existing class relations。bet365 sports arises from the social world,While reproducing these divisions。In modern society,School education reproduces the distribution of cultural capital among different groups in society。This constitutes a double reproduction,Where structural relationships between different groups are maintained,Families in each group pass down their strengths and weaknesses from generation to generation。The basic way of transmission is bet365 sports。
Bourdieu attempts to integrate two forms of structuralism,That is, the classification structure of sociology and the cognitive structure of psychology。He thinks,True scientific theory and practice must overcome the opposition between sociology and psychology,Integrate the analysis of the experience of social actors and the analysis of the objective structures that make this experience possible into a single model, the bet365 sports-field。
bet365 sports
The aesthetic dimension bet365 sports reflected in people’s life style and taste。Life style is the product of habits,Eventually becomes a symbol system characterized by society。Each dimension of life style plays a symbolic role together with other dimensions,And symbolizes other dimensions。For example,The world view of an old handcrafted joiner、The way he manages his income and expenses、His time or his body、His choice of words and his clothing,All reflected in his fine and perfect workmanship、Careful and careful、Exquisitely carved、Perfect ethics,And the aesthetics of workmanship for the sake of workmanship,This aesthetic makes him measure the beauty of his products with the care and patience they require。
Bourdieu said,Fun is destined love,It is a forced choice,bet365 sports choice is caused by existential conditions,These conditions of existence exclude all other possibilities as mere dreams。Taste is a symbolic expression of class status。
Bourdieu believes that cultural activities are associated with specific classes and separated from other classes。The non-utilitarian nature of bourgeois aesthetics is opposed to the necessity of working class culture。Bourdieu emphasizes the inequality caused by division,And the resulting symbolic violence。He combined economic stratification theory with cultural theory,Investments in culture will be converted into economic advantages bet365 sports future。
bet365 sports dimensions
People create their own culture,At the same time, it serves as the carrier of the culture;People cannot stand being the same as others,I also can’t bear to be different from others。In Bourdieu’s view,Differences are everywhere,Differences in social attributes such as gender、Age、Generation、Rich and poor、Status、Education、Consciousness、Region、Power,Universally present around us。The difference in cultural attributes is reflected bet365 sports value judgment of the above existence。For example,In terms of manners,is keen、Dexterous,Still slow、Clumsy。
bet365 sports does not directly influence practice in a rational way,But a kind of tacit knowledge about "what is appropriate"。Bourdieu observed in Algeria,Those farmers who are full of pre-capitalist habits,Suddenly forced to change lifestyle,Exposed to the world of advanced capitalism,Looking awkward and uneasy。This is the "sense of place",It is the intersection of self-evaluation and other people’s evaluation,People find themselves in this positional relationship。So-called institutionalization,That is, the relationship between positions in a position space that is strictly established and protected by law,When the objective restrictions a person receives in society are transformed into a habitual subjective perception pattern,He will gain a sense of social status like a fish in water。People gain this sense of place,You will consciously limit your wishes and requirements,Transform socially imposed restrictions into self-restraint。
The body is the holder of symbols,Also a producer of symbols。As social psychology reveals,The less a person cares about himself,The more inclined he is to draw his attention away from himself,The better you can get rid of the confusion caused by being scrutinized by others,The more you can accept yourself。Bourdieu said,Today bet365 sports kind of gaze from others is very common among bourgeois women who don’t want to face aging,Because the anxious questioning gaze brings others’ eyes back to themselves。
bet365 sports reflects the position of an individual or group in the class structure,Also refers to the practices of individuals and groups shaped by their position in social space。bet365 sports involves more than just attitudes toward oneself and the world、Beliefs and regulations,Also involves individual and group actions。
In the localization research of sociology,Proposed by Zou Chuanxiong,“Physical and mental state” is similar to Bourdieu’s “bet365 sports”。The so-called physical and mental state refers to the stable and continuous inertial state formed by the actor over a long period of time,It is not just a cognitive state,Also includes emotional ones、Aesthetic and evaluative aspects。Presented by Andrew Thayer,Injecting moral and emotional factors into Bourdieu’s bet365 sports,He believes that bet365 sports should be redefined。
Zou Chuanxiong further pointed out,In daily life practice, actors will naturally show their physical and mental states in every moment or moment without thinking and taking it for granted。The physical and mental state is the "body" of the actor,“Practice” is the “use” of actors。If there is no long-term reserve of physical and mental state, it is "body",The actor’s current practice cannot continue;Similarly,If there is no continuous accumulation of "use" in every moment of daily life and practice at bet365 sports moment,The physical and mental state is impossible to form。The two are incompatible with each other、Ready-to-use。
Bourdieu’s concept of bet365 sports,As a cultural psychological structure,Follow people’s actions、Feeling、Thoughts and Ways of Being。Everyone is different and socially constructed,So everyone’s habits are different。On the one hand,The way people behave is influenced by their inheritance、Constraints on genetic temperament tendencies,Subject to their family background,It is a creation of society;On the other hand,People are relatively free to shape their future according to their personal desires,Be a free agent。
(bet365 sports article is a phased result of the Zhejiang Provincial Social Science Planning Project “Research on Bourdieu’s Ideology” (20NDJC167YB)
(Author’s unit: bet365 sports of Marxism, Zhejiang Shuren University)
Friendly links: Official website of Chinese Academy of bet365 sports Sciences |
Website registration number: Beijing Public Network Security bet365 sports. 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:
All rights reserved by China bet365 sports Sciences Magazine. No reproduction or use without permission is allowed
Chief editor’s email: zzszbj@126.com Contact information of bet365 sports website: 010-85886809 Address: Floor 11-12, Building 1, No. 15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Postal Code: 100026
>