Since the Qin Dynasty，Chinese rulers faced the two major tasks of literary and martial arts in the governance of the country，Therefore, both politicians and thinkers attach great importance to the relationship between the two。Such as Confucius: "Those who have literary affairs will have martial arts，There must be no text for those who have a warrior。"(" Historical Records "Volume 47" Confucius Family ") Tang Taizong summarized the relationship between cultural and military relations and the role of Wenchen and generals:" Sri Lanka is handed in the country，To the ground of the long gas，The success or failure is fixed to the front，huge waves，The rise and fall is a decision for a while，Ji Gan Ge，Ji Gan Ge，and cheap 庠。and Ha Yue Yiyan，Po Chen has been cleared，偃 偃，Apply the Greatization of Nine Gong，At this time, light armor，Gen Yiyi。It is Zhiwenwu two ways，Gen Yiyi。and time with time，Each is suitable。Samurai、Confucian people can be abolished。"" ("Emperor Fan" Volume 4) visible，Practice the different role of the text and the martial arts and maintain the necessary balance between the two parties，It has become the basic political common sense。but but，This recognizes that the Song Dynasty had changed significantly。

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Early China，There is no strict cultural and military distinction in the ruling group。Ru Shang Zhou，The minister except in inside，Foreign Army combat，Zhou Gongdong Zheng is a typical example evidence。On the occasion of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods，Only Wenchen、General General Team，"Official division of cultural martial arts，Wei Wang's second technique also "。("Wei Lingzi · Original Tenth") The purpose is to improve the efficiency of the regime and strengthen the monarchy，To conform to the situation of the fierce nation,，Cultural and military relations are born。

Qin Dynasty to descend，The central dynasty has a unified concept，Therefore, there is an internal and external weight in governance、The characteristics of both civil and military。From this，Cultural and military relations also presents a general state of consistent with it。Before the Song Dynasty，Although Wenchen and generals have role division of labor，But there is no Bet365 app download absolute gap between each other，The mutual conversion of identity is not uncommon。The most typical one is the tradition of "out of the phase"，Zhou Bo in the Western Han Dynasty、Fan Hu、Yin Hui returned Chen Juan，Yang Su in the Sui Dynasty，Li Jing of the Tang Dynasty、Xu Shiji and Lou Shide，All will come into phase。Tang people also recorded: "Gaozong Chao，Jiang Ke will work as a left phase with the side，Yan Liben is the right phase。"(" Old Tang Book "Volume 77" Yan Liben Biography ") Tang Xuanzong Shi，Guo Yuanzhen、Xue Ne、Li Shizhi and other "Salt with the side，Enter the axis of the Junjun "。("Datang New Language" Volume 11)

Actually，Wenchen and General Group not only revolves around the issues of military merit and the ruling line, often cause differences，There is also a game of power，The story of "will be harmonized" and "will lose each other" occurs from time to time。The influence of both parties at different stages is also high，So the phenomenon of imbalance in civil and military。For example，Li Kaiyuan passed the inspection of the history of the early Han Dynasty，revealed the process of the beneficiary class of military merits in politics。("The Establishment of the Han Empire and Liu Bang Group -Research on Military Megam Benefits"，Sanlian Bookstore 2000 Edition) 揆 The calendar before the Song Dynasty，When the founding of the country and the expansion of the country，Military Gong Group often get reuse，When the dynasty declines, it becomes a power of power。Enter construction、Shoucheng period，Wenchen Group often gets relying on，Occupy the leading position of Chaotang。but but，The influence of Wenchen and generals, of course, this disappears，But the cultural and military relations maintain a dynamic balance in general，There is no absolute thick one。

End of the Tang Dynasty，The general group is strong again，From the fifth generation, it is more prosperous，"The King of the Five Dynasties，All martial arts rise，His with Jun Yongfu "。("New Five Generations History" Volume 49 "Wang Jin Chuan") In the past 100 years，Wenchen is reduced to vassal，Even the bullying of the martial arts Titans。The increasingly prominent cultural and military imbalance，Not only affects government operation，It also directly endangers imperial power and national order，"Five Learnings，Big handsome、The host will support the soldiers，The abolition of the emperor is like a chess，This country is good at it "。("Lecturer bet365 live casino games of the Emperor's Emperor's Emperor" Volume 3 "Emperor Taizu Emperor") In this historical background, the Song Dynasty，It is bound to reflect on the imbalance of cultural and military relations。

　　In the early years of Song Dynasty, chaos anyway

After the founding of the Song Dynasty，Zhao Kuangyin Group in the process of rebuilding the centralized rule，To avoid repeating the same mistakes，Fully reflect on and draw the lessons of the five generations。So，The chaos that it develops is mostly based on "anti -disadvantages" as the starting point。where，Many measures are taken around the accumulation of civil and military imbalances in the past。On the one hand, it is strictly forbidden for generals to do the government、Collection of generals of the Forbidden Army General、Cerebrate Fan Town Armed Forces、Suppressing Wufu's trances and guiding Wuchen to comply with discipline and law; on the other hand，Restore the rights and responsibilities of civil servants in administrative institutions at all levels、Establish a system for the Demon Palace、Promote cultural and educational and establish rules ("Oath") without killing Wenchen。Through these double -pronged measures，Zhao Kuangyin Group suppressed the excessive general forces，Supported the disadvantaged civilian team，Basically restored the balance of cultural and military relations。

The description of the "Chongwen" in the early days of the Song people of the Song Dynasty，As Chen Liang said, "Ben Dynasties, the Confucianism", etc.，("Song History" Volume 436 "Chen Liang Chuan") is just a scholar who is consciously rendered，Not in line with historical facts。That is, the chapter of "Chong Confucianism" in the current "Song Society"，describes countless examples of Chongwen in the Song Dynasty，But the content involved in the Taizu Dynasty is very limited。Song Taizu, after all, born in the five generations of the five generations，Facing the heavy task of unified all directions，Therefore, it is impossible to pay attention to martial arts，I will not blindly implement the rule of。In fact，Although he strictly controls the Forbidden Army's unified army，But it is impossible to discriminate against the generals of the generals in both emotion and reality。

Song Taizong ascended the throne，The ruling route has gradually changed，Especially after the failure of the second Liao Liao, he abandoned the unified pursuit，The center of the court shifts to maintain the stability in the domain，Bet365 lotto review The main pursuit of the achievements of the rule。From this，Song Taizong gave birth to the concept of "Chongwen to suppress martial arts"，If he emphasizes: "Although the king is having martial arts，It must be ruled by Wende。"(" The Facts of the Song Dynasty "Volume 3" Shengxue ") Song Zhenzong also acknowledged:" Taizong advocates literature and history。"(" Song of the Song Dynasty "Chong Confucianism 4) is because of this，The imperial examination system is highly respected。For example，Song Taizong Short -throw，Admission of more than 500 people in scientific examination，Not only is the scale far exceeding the past，Breaking the routine，Super Ren Guan，Even Zai Zhi feels too much，But "Shangyi Fang Hui Xing Culture and Education，suppressing military，Efforts "。("Renewal of Tongzhi Tongjian" Volume 18，The following referred to as "Long Editor") When the DPRK people also recorded: Jinshi "Big" is rich for several years，Small for a few months and urgent officials "。("Long editor" Volume 30)

At the same time，The political status of civil servants rises rapidly，The main force of becoming an imperial power。Song Taizong once publicly stated: "Doctor Yu Shi，No burden。"(" Song Taizong Real Record "Volume 26) and for generals，He has increased the compromise，If the "will be abused" means from the middle，Even with "Fragments" constraint，Selection is only based on "follow -up" as the standard。This attitude obviously has a tendency to suppress and discriminate。Chunhua three years (992)，The secret pavilion of the palace collection is completed，Song Taizong not only led to closer to the building to watch the book，Also requires the Sanyi general to come to visit，History says: "I want to be a general who knows the Confucian Confucianism。"(" Long Editor "Volume 33) This move can show the guidance of the court。As for the profound intention of Song Taizong himself，The reveal of the Qing Dynasty Wang Fu said: "，Xuanli Ziwu Er，Smarts who are invited by non -stealing students。"" Volume 2 "Taizong") So，Cultural and military relations inevitably reverse，Wang Yuxuan's radical proposition of "suppressing Confucianism and inspiring martial arts" proposed when he arches，("Long editor" Volume 30) means that the signs of Wen Shengwu's decline have been quite obvious。

　It is unprecedented with the rules of Wenyuwu

To Song Zhenzong Chao，Doctors of Civilian have risen，"Chongwen suppressing martial arts" is also implemented as a route Bet365 app download of North Korea。As Wang Anshi pointed out: "The Taizu Wu Jingxia of the Dynasties，Zhenzong is held by the text。"" Volume 2 "Kimoda" 2 "Ueda Zhengyan 2") Since then，The situation of Wenchen's governing the country is completely formed，People from the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "In this life，Specifications to enter。Minister Smmer also，Calligraphy Smarts also，Qianguzhi's Smarts also，Border Guardian Smmer also，The world's transfer to the Smmer also，Zhizhou County Smarts also，Although there are Wuchen，Cover only。"(" Duan Mingji "Volume 22" National Theory Essence ") Song Shenzong Chao，Wen Yanbo dares to face the emperor and says "governing the world for the scholar"。Obviously，Scholars became the power of political subjects in the Song Dynasty，Wuchen is reduced to vassal，The scene of the cultural and military games in the past has no longer appeared。Changes in the military field are more concerned: from the beginning of the Song Zhenzong Dynasty，Supreme Military Decision -making Agency -Privy Council has been gradually controlled by Wenchen。to the Song Renzong period，The command of the front -line theater is also controlled by civilians，The generals are reduced to deputy、Ministry will。This institutionalization is unprecedented with Wen Yuwu rules，until the Southern Song Dynasty still continues，It marks the significant decrease in the role and status of the general's job。

Southern Song Zhang's speech: "The Song Dynasty is waiting for Wuchen，Hou Qilu and thin gift。"(" Group Book Examination "post -volume 21" Zhang Yanlun ") This generally reflects the basic attitude of the Song Dynasty for a long time: the combination of material treatment and political suppression。Under the circumstances of the long -term imbalance of cultural and military relations，The quality of generals is difficult to improve，Yong will be commonplace，Therefore, it is more discriminatory。Civil servants are degraded to call military officials.，Famous Di Qing was also known as "Red Old"，After being promoted to the secret ambassador，Also known as "Chi Shu"。("Jiang neighboring magazine") Although some wise officials accept reality，Ru Dian in front of the hall made Gao Qiong ask for a reward of the history，The historian of the Song Dynasty commented: "Promote the Confucianism，Pay attention to academic，Therefore, Wu Yi's minister is self -self -transformation。"(" Long Editor "Volume 60) But the generals who bet365 best casino games have grievances with civilians are not in a few，So that the phenomenon of discordable civil and military，As Ouyang Xiu admits: Da Fan Wuchen and Wenchen Dispute，Even the reasoning，After all, I do n’t accept，Because of "Taste the Confucian Polygons"。("Long editor" Volume 148) At the time of the fierce resistance of gold in the early days of Song Gaozong，Civil servants propose "Yu Jun Three theory"，Requires to restore the tradition of strict control of generals，It was refuted by the commander，"Since then, Wenwu Two Walk，If Ice Carbon does not fit "。("The Year of the Year" Volume 42) Late Southern Song Dynasty，The commander Yu Yan, the commander of the civilian, wrote to the emperor: "May His Majesty see the people of civil and military，Do not make some weight。"" ("Song History" Volume 416 "Yu Zhuan Biography") It is nothing more than wanting to solve the problem that the generals are despised。

　Terminal will enter the tradition of the phase

Since ancient times，The value orientation of the opponent and the field is deeply affected by politics。Times represented by Han and Tang dynasties，The dynasty has a unified pursuit，Military merits' consciousness exists，So the battlefield is an important way to start，The phenomenon of throwing Congrong is quite common。So，Cultural and military officials have no obstacles to each other，It is also the normal state。With the development of the concept of "Chongwen suppressing martial arts" since the Song Taizong dynasty,，Imperial Entering the Sacrifice and Promotion of the Big Walk，From Wen Sui to the mainstream of social fashion。So，policy and system has no restrictions，Song Ting even encouraged Wenchen to serve as martial arts when the border defense was urgent，But in fact, there has been a gap between cultural and military，Civilian、Scholars are generally ashamed of the army，Less willing to change martial arts。Wang Anshi said: "Gu thinks that the bachelor of the world is ashamed of his military soldiers。"" Volume 1 "Emperor Wan Emperor Wan Yan Shu") Cases about this，Nuchi can be described as。Typical people such as: Wenchen Chen Yao, a Wenchen of the No. 1 Yuan, can be able to Wenhan and Wu，Song Zhenzong had intended to turn it into a martial arts，But Chen's mother heard that she was angry，Block to block，This incident sleeps; Fan Zhongyan、Han Qi、Pang Ji and Wang Bian during the host of the Northwest Width Road against the Summer War，Song Ting has changed the four civilian commanders to the martial Bet365 lotto review arts observation ambassador。Due to Fan Zhongyan、Pangli、The three of the king followed the three people to resign，I only have to stop。And the military officer wants to turn into a cultural job，The difficulty is quite large，As the Song Shenzong dynasty, although the end is the end，but was downgraded and used。

Most of the Minister of the Song Dynasty Jae Division comes from Wenchen，Mainly from Jinshite。It can be known from "Song History · Zai Fu Nian Table"，A total of 71 people in the Northern Song Dynasty，Among them, 64 people came from jinshi。Among the remaining 7 people who were not as imperialists，There are 3 people in the founding hero，among all prime ministers，No one came from Wuchen。62 prime ministers in the Southern Song Dynasty，Among them, 51 people were born in the imperial examination，6 people born Tai students，The other 4 people were born in Eun shade，1 person from Wuchen。This can be seen，The tradition of the past will be ended in the Song Dynasty。The historical trajectory of the evolution of cultural and military relations in the Song Dynasty，You can see the changes in the political and society of the Tang and Song dynasties from it。

(The author is a special professor of the Yangtze River scholar of the Ministry of Education、Professor of Song, Liao and Jin History Research Institute and History of Northwest University、Vice President of the Chinese Song History Research Association)