Diverse forms of nj bet365 in the Han Dynasty
November 07, 2022 09:58 Source: "Chinese nj bet365 Sciences Journal" Issue 2524, November 7, 2022 Author: Hao Jianping

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Regardless of the content of nj bet365、Path、Method,Or the theoretical discussion of nj bet365,The Han Dynasty made progress compared with previous generations,And provide examples and reference for future generations’ nj bet365。The purpose of nj bet365,Mainly to inculcate feudal ethics into every member of society,Enable people to form good moral habits,Consciously abide by the rules, regulations and codes of conduct stipulated by the ruler,Thus ensuring the long-term stability of the feudal dynasty。For this,The rulers of the Han Dynasty adopted various ways and forms to carry out nj bet365 work,And achieved certain positive results。

  Rich and colorful educational nj bet365

The content of nj bet365 in the Han Dynasty was rich and colorful,Part of it comes from official political education,The other part belongs to the various knowledge required for social production and social life、Skills and Customs Code。Among them,The most important thing is the "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Rules" feudal ethics。Dong Zhongshu、Ban Gu and others combined "the unity of nature and man" with "yin and yang and the five elements",Using a theological approach to demonstrate the Confucian ethical thought with "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Virtues" as the core,Give feudal morality a supreme and sacred character,Further systematize the feudal ethics and etiquette since pre-Qin Dynasty、Organized,Making the feudal ethics finalized。

thereafter,This kind of feudal ethics with "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Rules" as its core is regarded as a holy book,Widely spread in society,It is the general guiding ideology of education in China’s feudal society,It is also the main content of nj bet365。On the one hand,These feudal norms are seriously oppressive、Bound human nature,Leading to serious ethical alienation in Chinese feudal society。On the other hand,There are also some merits in the "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Rules",It is worth learning from today’s society。For example,Valuing benevolence and justice,Strongly advocate leading by example,Highlight the important role of moral self-discipline;Emphasis on the unity of benevolence and wisdom,Those who believe that only benevolence and wisdom can be combined,They are the talents that the country really needs, etc.。These ideas have historically contributed to the cultivation of the national spirit and the formation of the virtues of the Chinese nation,Played an active role。

  Various ways of nj bet365

nj bet365 in the Han Dynasty had many forms,Existing official nj bet365,There is also nj bet365 conducted by private forces。Developer of official nj bet365,Both central government and local officials。Among them,The central government mainly carries out nj bet365 work through the following channels。

First,Establish officials who specialize in educational activities,Require them to actively educate the people morally,Thus institutionalizing the nj bet365 work。

Second,Three elders who will be morally outstanding、The "Litian" tree of filial piety and those who are outstanding in agricultural production is an example,Strong commendation both materially and spiritually,Strive to influence the lower class people through them,In order to form good nj bet365 customs。The Han Dynasty pursued the governing concept of "ruling the world with filial piety",Strongly promote filial piety education。For those who have outstanding filial piety,The Han Dynasty not only gave praise,And recommended as an official。At the same time,The Han Dynasty also incorporated "filial piety" into the law,Severely punish those who behave unfilially。Through a combination of rewards and punishments,Gradually make the concept of "filial piety" deeply rooted in people's hearts,Practice of filial piety has increasingly become a conscious behavior among people。

 Third,Reward Festival。Han Dynasty, especially the Eastern Han Dynasty,The rulers vigorously promote honor and integrity,Strive to recruit and hire those who pay attention to honor and integrity、Those who can strictly abide by feudal morals,Strive to establish him as a model for people all over the world to follow。With the strong advocacy of the ruler,Scholar-officials value honor and integrity、Women’s emphasis on chastity has gradually become a nj bet365 trend。

 Fourth,With pictures、In the form of inscriptions, the nj bet365 are educated on feudal loyalty, filial piety, justice and other moral and ethical concepts。This form has an image、Concrete and imitable characteristics,Played an important role in the penetration of Confucian core values ​​into grassroots society。

 Fifth,Strengthen the concept of "filial piety" by advocating respecting and caring for the elderly。The rulers of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to the issue of elderly care,From the time of Emperor Wen,That is, stipulating it in legal form,Making this work institutionalized。By taking some practical measures,Such as giving a certain amount of corn to an old man、Fine and fair、Clothes, silk and other items,Giving Gao Nian a few sticks,Reduction and exemption from taxes,Exemption from criminal law,Promote respect for the elderly、Etiquette of respecting the elderly,Give courtesy to old officials who have reached official positions,In particular, this work should be clearly defined as the local leader’s responsibility system,Thus, respecting and caring for the elderly has gradually formed a nj bet365 trend,Played a positive role in stabilizing nj bet365 order。

 Sixth,The ruler’s exemplary nj bet365。In the Han Dynasty,From the Emperor,Down to the grassroots officials,Many people have realized it,The words and deeds of rulers have an important role in setting an example and educating the general public。Therefore,They can use Confucian ethical and moral principles to regulate their words and deeds,Practice of filial piety、Practice yourself in thrift and other aspects。This kind of moral demonstration nj bet365 has certain positive significance in transforming people into customs。

 Seventh,Publish the edict,Promote nj bet365。The imperial edict of the Han Dynasty covers a wide range of contents,Many of the contents have social enlightenment significance,Like filial piety、Respected Master、Shangxian、Elderly Care、Agrarian、Light punishment、Bo Fu, etc.。These edicts are for all citizens,So it can penetrate into the grassroots society,Extensive and universal characteristics,It helps the whole society to form values ​​with Confucian ethics and morality as the core。

 Eighth,The emperor patrols or sends envoys to patrol the world、Observe the sentiment of the people、Lanfengyao、Juxianjun、Xuanming Dehua。During inspection,Inspectors actively promote nj bet365、Changing customs,And supervise local officials,Recommend outstanding talents to the court。This has promoted the ruling ideology to take root in the hearts of the people to a certain extent。

With the increasing Confucianization of local officials in the Han Dynasty,Most of them can regard nj bet365 as an important task in politics,Or use the administrative resources at hand to directly educate the people under their jurisdiction,Or use your own moral charm to influence the people。This plays a role in spreading core values ​​to a certain extent、The role of transforming people into customs。Fundamentally speaking,Officials were the main body of nj bet365 work in the Han Dynasty,Both the central government and local officials play a leading role in nj bet365。At the same time,Some forces among the people,For example, Ranger、Hermit、Religious organizations, etc.,Also in its own way,Plays an important role in nj bet365 for the people。These activities they carry out,To a certain extent, it makes up for the shortcomings of official nj bet365。

  Conducive to nj bet365 stability

nj bet365 as an important part of the education system,Education from the same school、Family education has its own characteristics,Its positive role in the development and progress of society is beyond doubt。nj bet365 in the Han Dynasty was no exception,It is maintaining social stability、Played an active role in improving social customs。

Han Dynasty since Emperor Wu,Confucianism transformed by Dong Zhongshu became the ruling ideology,And use nj bet365 as an important tool to spread and popularize Confucianism。At the initiative of the ruler,With the popularization of nj bet365,The basic social norms and codes of conduct of Confucianism are recognized and accepted by all members of society,Become their inner belief and life goal。Pay attention to etiquette、Pursue filial piety,Gradually becoming a social trend generally recognized by people,This is obviously conducive to social stability。

Early Western Han Dynasty,Due to the Qin Dynasty’s violent expropriation and the burning, killing and looting by the landlords’ armed forces during the Chu-Han War,nj bet365 production has been seriously damaged,nj bet365 unrest,The nj bet365 economy has reached the brink of collapse。The Han Dynasty wanted to stabilize the ruling order,We must solve the problem of how to restore and develop the broken nj bet365 economy。For this,The rulers of the Western Han Dynasty chose Huang Lao’s thought of advocating tranquility and inaction as the guiding ideology for governing the country,And focus on healing war wounds。At that time,The Western Han government had no time to consider the issue of changing customs,We have no choice but to adopt a laissez-faire policy on local customs,No administrative intervention and transformation。Although some thinkers at that time proposed changing customs in response to the bad customs left over from the Qin Dynasty,But it did not attract the attention of the rulers in the early Western Han Dynasty。

After the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,With the recovery and development of nj bet365 economy,Adapt to the need to strengthen centralization,Confucianism is established as the ruling ideology。In order to match the political unification,The rulers of the Han Dynasty began to pay attention to the neatness of customs,Strive to use Confucian ethics to transform nj bet365 customs in various places,In order to stabilize and consolidate nj bet365 order。For this,Many local officials who are deeply influenced by Confucianism use the administrative resources at their disposal,Actively engaged in educating the people,Strongly rectify those backward customs that are not conducive to maintaining the ruling order,Strive to make people realize the harm from their hearts and give up these backward customs,Gradually move closer to the customs and culture advocated by the Han Dynasty。Some scholars among the people adhere to the Confucian tradition of attaching importance to customs and culture,Also pay close attention to the customs and culture of the area,And consciously devote themselves to the cause of changing customs。Among them,Some take the initiative to educate the people,Some influence the people around them with their noble moral conduct。

Through the joint efforts of officials at all levels and civilian scholars in the Western Han Dynasty,The grassroots society in the Han Dynasty gradually accepted Confucian values,It has improved social customs in various places to a certain extent。Since the late Western Han Dynasty,The customs in the north have gradually become unified。Eastern Han Dynasty,With the promotion of Confucian nj bet365,Customs in the southern region and peripheral counties have also changed,The barbarian style gradually assimilated into the Chinese style of the Central Plains。The multicultural form of "different styles from all directions" during the Western Han Dynasty,Gradually replaced by the convergent customs and cultural forms of "Six Harmony Styles"。The gradual convergence of customs and culture in various places,Conducive to the consolidation of the political unification of the Han Dynasty。

(The author is nj bet365 School of History and Culture, Baotou Normal University、Professor of Yinshan Cultural Research Center)

Editor: Cui Cen
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