Language is an important means of condensing nation together and a logo for national collective identity。For Jews, who have been exiled for more than 2000 years，Not only must you return to the Bible Land，There is also a national language。Hebrew, who has died as a daily language for more than 2000 years, is not smooth in the process of rejuvenation in Israel，It has been hostile and obstructed by the super orthodox Jews。Take the Revival of the Hebrew Oral Word as the entry point，You can understand the contradictions and conflicts between ultra -orthodox factions and secular Jewish nationalists。

　　Bet365 lotto review Hebrew is the language of the Jewish nation，It is also the official language of modern Israel，It is one of the older languages ​​in the world。If Judaism played a huge role in the process of maintaining the Jewish nation，So in addition to the role of Hebrews to maintain the role of the Jewish nation，It also plays a role in maintaining Jews around the world。"Hebrew" means "crossing the river" in Hebrew，According to the Bible records，Abraham of the Jewish tribe leads his tribe from Mesopotamia Ul City in the two river basins across the Euphrates and Jordan River to the "Canaan" (now Palestine)，Since then, these people have been called "Hebrews"。

Bible Hebrew is a language used by the ancient Jewish people for daily communication。After the "Babylon Prison" incident in 586 BC，Ancient Jewish nation several times was conquered。70 bet365 Play online games AD，The Romans destroyed Jerusalem，The Jews have since lost their independent homeland，Entering the road of exile。Jews who are flowing in foreign countries have to accept the language of the home country。

From the 2nd century BC，Hebrew is just a language in religious books such as the Five Classics of Moses，In addition to a few Laabi、Outside the clergy and linguist，There are fewer and fewer Jews who can understand this ancient and obscure text。Hebrew written language has always continued among the Jews，They read the Bible and Mishnah in Hebrew，Twitter Twita)，Pray in Hebrew，Even using Hebrew communication，But I rarely use Hebrew to communicate outside the venue，So that Hebrews gradually withdrew from the historical stage。But，Jewish only spent more than 100 years，The ancient and endangered small languages ​​are turned into the native language of more than 9 million Jews today，Miracles in the history of language science。So，How did the Jews create this miracle?

　　Second, Hebrew Writing gradually standardized。In the past 2000，The Jews have been scattered around the world，The language in their lives has long been diversified。Jews from Europe are interested in Yiddish、Ladino，also known as Jewish Spanish)、Russian、German、French, etc.，and Jewish lifestyles from the East are mostly Arabic。As more and more Jews return to their homeland from all over the world，Communicate with each other and face difficulties。Jews returning to their homeland although they have the same belief and identity，But the different regional cultures and languages ​​they brought by them，It is extremely difficult to communicate with each other，The unified language has become a barrier for communication，The revival of the language becomes a problem。

Born in Lithuania Ellise Ben Joya (1858-1922) played a key role in the process of rejuvenating Hebrew。In 1879, he published a paper on "The Great" to point out，It is not enough to realize the reinstation by establishing a political entity.，Only through the language and culture of the nation to form a younger generation for forming a kind of、Real national identity is the fundamental。The only way to revive national culture is to wake up the ancient Hebrew。He also emphasized: "Land and Language -No these two things，The Israeli nation is not able to stand up。”

At that time, the spoken language used by the Jews to communicate with daily exchanges was meaning.，One formed in the 10th century，In Hebrew、German、French -based language。Jewish Repeated State believes，Sulu is a product of Hebrew and other languages，Represents the Jewish exile experience，Can't be used as a Jewish national language。and Hebrew speaking represents the glorious history of the Jewish nation during the ancient Bible period，helps to reshape the Jewish identity，Dilvert the seal of shame of exile and discrete。

Ben Jehuda on the basis of the Hebrew Bible，Expand new words，Introduce thousands of modern vocabulary to adapt to the development of the times，Completed the Hebrew Word Teaching Type "New Hebrew" dictionary，This can be said to be an epoch -making event in the development of Hebrew。So，Based on Bible Hebrew、Supplement with Yixi Xuyu as the source、3605_3650。The revival bet365 live casino games of Hebrew's oral language has become the core of Jewish stateism，It plays a vital role in the process of reviving Jewish culture。

　　Third, the attitude of the super orthodox party Hebrew Revival.The word "ultra -orthodox" is not from Jewish tradition，Slightly derogatory in daily use，Therefore, it is generally used by Hebrew to call them "haredim"。This word comes from "Isaiah Book" chapter 66: 5 menstruation，Means who are "trembling" because of God's Word。

The late 19th century and early 20th century，Just when the Jewish recovered Zionism is prosperous，Super orthodox factions fiercely oppose the promotion of Hebrew。There are two reasons: first，They are convinced that the Jews will accelerate God's involvement in independence in politics，That is the arrival of the savior Messia，Therefore, any "artificial" interference historical process is against the Jewish law。Next，They think that the sacred language of Hebrew is used in secular life，Is a blasphemy for religion，Disrespectful to God。

Ben Yehuda actively promotes Hebrew Oral Activity，Although it is ridiculed by the super -authentic faction、false accusation、Resistance，But it has driven a large number of Jewish scholars、News workers、Writer、Teachers and other people from all walks of society participated in the national movement that maintains Hebrew。Before the founding of Israel in 1948，Returned Jews have already communicated in Hebrew。Hebrew is no longer the carrier of the Jews for Jews，and become a language for everyone's daily communication，Become a vitality and vitality。To commemorate the achievements of Ben Jehoda，The Israelites bet365 best casino games named the streets in major cities。

The success of the Jews Revival Hebrew，It also touches the enthusiasm of other ethnic groups in the world to try to revive ancient languages，For example, Ireland，Try to revive Ireland after the founding of the People's Republic of China with replace English as a general language，But they failed。Revival Case of Hebrew，It can be said that it cannot be copied。

　　Fourth, why the ultra -orthodox faction opposes Fuxing Hebrew's speaking.Ultra -orthodox factions oppose the understanding of Fuxing Hebrew and Zionism，Strive from the painful historical lessons of the Jews。In the first half of the 2nd century AD，Roman Emperor Hudliang (reigned 117-138) implemented the "cultural imperialism" policy。The emperor who tried to completely Romanize Israel，Forbidden Jews are prohibited from performing a gift as a national symbol，Create a complete city of Rome on the ruins of Jerusalem，Including the temple of Jubit's temple on the temple site。The cultural policy that forced Jewish into the dead end is exactly the hope of the "Messiah" rescue of the "Messiah" rescue of the Jews after the Temple was destroyed.Ference，Finally led to 132-135 Bal Corba's anti -Rome uprising。

The Balcorba Uprising received the support of the Judaist leader Rabbi Akiva，His quote "Numerous Number" chapter 24 section 17 "Stars must be from Jacob，There is a stick to be in Israel，must defeat the four corners of Moab，Destroyer Scholars "，implies that Balcorba is the long -awaited Messiah。After the failure of the uprising，Rabbaqiwa was killed tragically。In the tradition of Labby Judaism，Achiva is a virtuous philosophy、Politician、Legend of multiple identities such as martyrs。

bet365 live casino games Uprising failed to bring catastrophic consequences to the Jewish nation，Judaism suffers heavy blows。Temple Mountain is plowed，to show the greatest insult to Jewish Holy Land，The Jews were banned from entering Jerusalem City。580,000 Jews were killed，Nearly a thousand Jewish villages have been flattened，A large number of Jews were sold as slaves。Therefore, the Jews completely move north，formed the Israeli Jewish community centered on Galilee。

Balcoloba Uprising Failure，"Talmad" tradition began to emphasize，When will the Messian era come to the end and eventually decide by God，People can only "passively" wait，Active to restore the ground kingdom on the promised place can easily bring deception and lies，Causes difficult losses to Jewish people。"Babylonian Talmud, Ketubot, 111A) explained the three verses in "Ya Ge" (2 chapters 7; 3 chapters 5; 8 chapters 4) as two vows requested by God: Jews cannot be large -scale organizational immigration Israel To accelerate the arrival of Messiah; you cannot resist the non -Jews。In the eyes of Chaozheng Conflict，Jewish Repeated State blatantly abandoned these two vows，Deliner's active replacement of God's will，Therefore, the thought of Jewish recurrenceism is essentially "heresy"。

In short，The rejuvenation bet365 live casino games of Hebrew's oral language at the end of the 19th century is an important symbol of the revival of the Jewish nation。After the founding of Israel，Small Jewish state -to -nationalist becomes the mainstay of the Israeli society，But the super -authenticity school is still a powerful social force，They participate in and interfere with the regime through various means，It has an important bet365 best casino games impact on social life。Ultra -orthodox faction and secular Jews conflict around the end of the 19th century around the revival Hebrew，Continue to exist in a new form of expression。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)