Huashan Rock painting is based on squat human shape，Supplemented by animals (mainly dogs) and circular (copper drum、Sun, etc.) and other geometric images，I call it the three major themes or three elements of Huashan rock painting images。Because the guidance and empirical evidence of text materials are not clear，So how to explain the content of prehistoric rock paintings is often the most difficult and uncertain in the research of rock paintings。but but，The era of Huashan Rock painting is between the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and the Song Dynasty，There are clear literatures to refer to，Supplemented by archeology and ethnic science information，We can clearly explain the content of Huashan Rock painting。

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Round (Copper Drum、Sun, etc.) Geometric images such as the second element in Huashan rock paintings，That is, a pentagram is painted in an internal pentagram、radiation、Concentric Circles、Sun、Circle of patterns such as Tian Zi grid。Most scholars identify it as a copper drum、Symbol of 镘 or vine card，But some scholars believe that it is the manifestation of the worship of the sun。The author also tends to interpret it as a symbolic pattern of copper drums，But it should be a lightning wheel。but but，Explanation of this medium -range theory，We need to explain and demonstrate。

Actually，This wheel -shaped circular symbol is considered a sign of the Thunder God in the Shamanism in Southeast Asia and even the Pacific.，known as "Thunder Wheel)。The most common lightning wheel is divided into five or eight parts in the circle，The car steering wheel or wheel -shaped in several directions。Scholars think，At present, the earliest lightning wheel is the stone circle boulder array in the Neolithic New Stone Age of England or the European Bronze Age。but but，What is more familiar with is India's weapon turbine，Sanskrit is called "chakram"。The wheel blade is named after its shape like a wheel，Is a metal round weapon，Legend is the weapon used by Vishnu, one of the three gods of Hinduism。The wheelblapper later evolved into Falun in Buddhism，This image is more popular。Whether the blade or Falun，All are the symbols of God，can be classified as a type of mine wheel。The most familiar lightning wheel of the Chinese，It should be a pentagonal or five -spoke -shaped bronze wheeled in the middle of Sichuan Sanxingdui，Its diameter is 85 cm，This should also be a thunder wheel that Thor uses。Not only Huashan Rock painting，and the entire Southwest region，Including Guizhou、Painted rock paintings in Sichuan，This kind of mineprone symbol is very popular。

About Thor，Records of ancient literature in bet365 live casino games my country, although fragmented，But it can provide us with a contour recognition understanding。Since the Han Dynasty，The image characteristics of Thunder God have been basically clear，That is, Thunder Gong multiplied above the Thunder car，Drums built on the car，Lei Gong holds a drumming shape。Wang Chong's "On Heng · Thunder Xu" cloud: "The Gong of the picture，Tu Lei，As if a drum shape is one person，Rong Riki，Leadong，Make the left hand leading the drum，If the Strike of Strike，If the Strike of Strike。It means that the thunder is rumbling，Voice of Drums and Drums。"Archaeological materials confirmed the authenticity of the literature，Such as a portrait of the portrait of the Hanushan Han in Zoucheng, Shandong Province，Age for the middle and late Western Han Dynasty，It is the wind that has seen at present、Rain、Lei、The earliest portrait stone material for electrical theme。In the lower left corner of the image is the windbo of sitting on the ground，A character wearing a bucket next to it is Yu Shi，There is a two -handed character on the right side of Yu Shi，Calculation is considered to be Lei Gong。but but，钹，It may also be a lightning wheel，Its appearance is very similar to the bronze mine wheel unearthed from Sanxingdui。

　Squat -type humanoid should be Thor

Squat -type humanoid pattern is the most famous theme and factor in Huashan Rock painting，、Human shape of squats on both legs，More than 90%of Huashan Rock paintings。Study based on the prehistoric scholar Andreas Lommel，Squat -type humanoid rock painting distribution belt is roughly coincided with the mine wheel distribution band mentioned above。We can also refer to this distribution belt as a South Island cultural distribution zone。Since the wheel -shaped circular symbol is a lightning wheel，So this squat -type humanoid should be Thor，It is also the frog god of Zhuang people，Squatting style is the painting of frogs and sketching of characteristics。

The close connection between the frog and the rain is reflected in folklore throughout the world，Fraser talked in the book "Golden Branch": "The close connection between frogs and toads and water makes them get a wide reputation of rainwater custodians，and often plays some characters in witchcraft that requires heavy rain in the sky。Some Olinoko Indians，By worship the toad as the god of water or the master of the water，So afraid of killing this creature。"" Ancient and Modern Book Integration · Poultry Classics "185" Toad Department ":" shrimp cluster，Please ask Tianyu，Yunlei Lianji，Shopping time，Get what you want。"" in later generations of poems，The close connection between rain and frogs is often seen: "There is no five elements in the farmhouse，Water and Drought Frog Sound "(Tang Zhangxiao Biao" Changan Autumn Night ");" Huangmei Time Family Rain，frogs everywhere in grass ponds "(Zhao Shixiu" Yueke "Bet365 lotto review in the Southern Song Dynasty);" Rain over duckweed，The sound of frogs is full of neighbors "(" Su Shi Ji · Volume 11 ");，Frogs Conquering Cao Full Court ... The sound of frogs is sturdy through the rain，Firefly Dot "(" Complete Works of Lu You Poems · Two ")。

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region also exists in this situation。The Zhuang people call the frog as "Antu"，Called the frog is the daughter or son of Thunder God，I think the frog is also Thor。"Xu Xia Ke Journey" said，"Yao people take frogs as good"，"Good" and "Turn"。"On the first day of the first month of each year to 30th，The Zhuang people in Donglan area must be held to find grass(Frog), filial piety, You MaBuried AntaReligious ritual，Pray for Lei Po、Bless the full year's wind and rain、Graphite Feng Deng、Sixth Animal Progressive。The local people call it ‘grassSection '。""，The masses generally sang "Anton Song"，Lyrics Cloud: "AntaIt is a heavenly girl，Lei Po is her mother，She comes to the world，As soon as it is rained。Not called the sky to dry，As soon as it is rained。"The reason why frogs have a relationship with thunder，Cover due to the frog after a thunderstorm、The call is happy。Thunder and drums are closely related，Thunder or Drum or Drums emit a loud noise; the frog is small，Frog drum noise，can cause rainwater。"Anturth Festival" is the belief of the frog，The worship of frogs is all over all Zhuang people are all Zhuang people。There are also various versions of the legends about Mutgam，Almost all the legends of Matguan told people to sacrifice Antuki for various reasons、Passing the Anturth Festival，Otherwise, disasters will come。

In addition to praying for rain to sacrifice Thor，about the social function and cultural significance of the Anturth Festival，Some scholars have done in -depth investigation and research，As the core of Qin Yisheng thinks that the Zhuangju Festival of the Zhuang people is to sacrifice and burial the Anturth，Its etiquette is like mourning funeral，So the nature of a funeral ritual is beyond doubt。Draw the image of the frog god on the cliff，It also includes Tongtian Thought。strong people think，The cliff is the place where the soul habitat，The road of the soul again。In Mashan County，The strong men call the outlet as "send the soul up the mountain" or "send the soul uphill"，Some are also called "Fuyu Returning Mountain"。Tiange area refers to the second funeral as a mountain funeral。"The Song of Da Stability" sang "Send Me on Laoshan", "Eat the fruit as a meal"。

other，The copper drums of the Zhuang people are also the cultural relics of praying for rain to sacrifice Thor。Except Wang Chong "On the Health"，Other ancient literature also clearly mentioned that Thor is a drummer image，such as "Shan Hai Jing · Dahuang East Classic" cloud: "There is thunder in Rayze，Dragon body and head，Drum belly (the thunder)。"" Later literature also Bet365 lotto review has a lot of literature，As the Song Dynasty "Beginning" Volume 1 quoted "Bao Puzi" saying: "Lei，Drums of Heaven and Earth。"In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty，Qu Dajun "Guangdong New Language · Copper Drum": "Lei，Sky Drum also，Thunderbolt to split all things。With the sound of the drum，Blind hair。Therefore, the copper drum as a thunder drum also。”

The copper drum in the Lingnan area is a appliance for the rain and thunder god sacrifice ceremony，The earliest description in the "Answers of the Ridge" in the Zhou Dynasty in the Song Dynasty: "Copper Drum in the Tuzhong of Guangxi，The farmer has won more，It is a positive circle，Facing the face，Qu Qibao，Sequential baking basket，Small Three Foots。Five toads on the surface，Leave it on it，Toads are tired and squat，One big and one small negative ... The copper drum is seven feet wide，Small Three Foots，All the ancestral temple where you are。"American scholar H. I. Marshall believes，The function of the copper drum is praying rain: "The emergence of frogs，It is because people believe that the beliefs of the copper drum given to the rain。Because some primitive people believe it，It is not rain to lead the frog out of the hidden place，but the frog's snoring sounds the rain out。They can also think of the heavy sound of the drums like the sound of some huge bullfrogs，It does seduce the rain god to send them a refreshing pouring rain ... "The copper drum with the image of the frog，More intuitively shows the purpose of praying rain and sacrifice to thunder。This can be seen，The circular wheel -shaped pattern in Huashan Rock painting，It can be regarded as a symbol of copper drums，It is also the logo of Thunder God。

　　The animal pattern should be a dog

Last，What we need to discuss the third theme and elements，Animal image accompanied by squatting humanoid。Animal images are very unevenly distributed in Zuojiang Rock painting。According to statistics，In 18 rock painting locations including Ningmingzhu Mountain，There are 114 animals; in the 8 rock paintings on both sides of the Mingjiang River，87 animal images，65.9%of the total number of rock paintings; but in Ningming Huashan Rock painting，The proportion of animal images is very low，1800 generals，Animal images only 57，But all animal images are considered dogs。Let's analyze from the perspective of mythology，I also think that all animals accompanied by squatting humanoid，It should be a dog。Consistent with the two themes and elements discussed above，Dog's rock painting image is also related to Thor and Thor's sacrifice，This is Panpi and Pangu。

"Hou Han Book · Nan Ban Southwest Biography" contains: "The former Gaogao Xin family has the dog of the dog。Emperor suffers from his invasion，，Nai visit to the world who can get the head of General Wu，Gift Golden Thousands，Yi Wanjia，Wife with a girl。Shi Emperor has animal dogs，Name Panji，Name Panji。bet365 Play online games After order，Pan Yan Sui made the head of the person to make the head。"" here，We can clearly see the relationship between Panpan and dogs。This point is quoted in "Weiluo" in "Houhan Book · Nan Man Biography"，The saying is slightly different: "Gao Xinshi，An old woman gets ear disease，Picking things as big as cocoons; old women Shengzhong，Cover the disk，Russian turns into dogs，Its text five colors，Because of the name Pan。"Although there are different opinions，But the implication between Panpan and Dog，It is also deliberately expressed in the text。Later literature has also been repeatedly recorded。Tang Lixian Note "Houhan Book · Nan Man Biography" cloud: "Today, there is Wushan in the west of Luxi County, Chenzhou，Huang Min's "Wuling Ji" said: ‘Mountain height can be thousands of，Mountain Half has a vermiculite room ... There is a stone forest，Panpi Rows。’... See you a stone，Still like a dog shape，Vulgar Vulgar Passing Cloud is Panji Tomo。"Chenzhou Tu Jing" Cloud: "Caves are like three houses，One stone dog shape，The statue of the vulgar cloud puppet。""，Chinese classical literature records the myth of Panji, as well as the "Customs" of the Eastern Han Dynasty、Jin Ganbao’s "Search God"、"Weili" of the Three Kingdoms Fish、Northern Wei Dao Daoyuan's "Water Sutra" and Tang Fanchuo's "Barbuls" and other。

Panji myth is mainly in Miao、The folk circulation of nations such as Shee and Yao。Qingren Lu Ciyun's "Xixi Xianzhi" contains: "The Emperor Gao Xinshi uses Panzhu as the merit，Blocking his wife，Wife with daughter，Six men and six women are the ancestors of Miao。"The" Checking Ceremony "of the Guangxi Yao people in Guangxu, Qing Guangxu said:" One application king dragon dog，Brothers read this book。Five family seven surname dragons，The family of the same Zizongzu family。"Dogs in modern Yao myths and folk customs，It is also an animal related to others。Yao people's clothing regardless of men and women，Embroidered patterns on the edge of the collar cuff pants and on both sides of the mind，The Yao people in some places also deliberately cut their tops to the front and long，Women's bun combed into corner symbols symbolizing dog ears，Remove the flower taper again，Drop a cut in the hip，Red line embroidered on both sides of men's pants，To symbolize the plate，Because it is said to be a "colorful spots" dragon dog。Some places to sacrifice their ancestors first to feed dog food first，Some places also imitate the actions of the dog，The main sacrifice is used and used，Climbing from the table for the table，Eat one or two years of rice，The whole family eats，etc.。

In many ethnic groups，"Pan Mo King" referred to as "Pan King"，The "Panwang Festival" of the Yao nationality "Pan King Festival" and "Refund the King Wish" and other folk activities，All are related to sacrifice Panji; the long -term ancient bet365 best casino games song "Pan Wang Big Song"，Actually "Panpan Great Song"。And the long -forming ancient song of the Dai nationality, "Panpu Song", also known as "Gao Huang Song", "Long Qi Wang Song", "Lin Leopard King Song", etc.，All are related to "Pan Wang"，Dai people even write Panji into the genealogy。Miao people also have "Pan Wang Ge"，There are also a lot of Panji Temple，Rudo Hunan Mayang Miao Autonomous County，Existing Panxian Temple reaches about 20 places，The tablets in the temple are all "the position of the king of the puppet"，And many statues of Pan Emperor in the Panji Temple，The image of the dog head appears。

So，What is the relationship between the squat -style human shape of the foot stepping or the dog image of the head or the dog image in Huashan Rock? The relationship is that Panpan is also a thunderbolt，But this must be talked about from Pangu。Pangu and Panzhang are homologous relationships，The difference between the two is just a turn，and Panpan produced it before Pangu，As Yuan Ke thinks，"Pan Gu's story is the evolution of Panluan story"。Because "Searching God" is described as a myth，There is "Emperor Nai seal the plate 瓠 瓠，Five Beauty，Guilin County One Thousand Households "said，Later all the "Pangu Temple" or "Pangu Temple"，Both have a relationship with the Panji believed by the Miao Yao people。

"Ancient" "Drum"，Pangu is Pankou，That is drumming，This means that Pangu is also a thunderbolt。"Readlist" says that after the ancient death，The organs of the body are turning into the clouds、Thunder、Sun Moon, etc.，Sound is lightning，Left eye is day，The right eye is the moon ";" Guang Museum "quotes" Five Games Age ":" Pangu Jun，Dragon Snake Body，Hush is wind and rain，Blow as a thunderbolt "，These records all show that Pangu's Thunder identity。From the perspective of literature and folklore materials，The image of the squat -type humanoid and dog image of Huashan Rock painting can also be corresponding to the Pangu and Pangli as Thunder。In other words，We can also interpret the squatting humanoid of the Zuojiang River Basin and the dog accompaniment as the image of Thor's Panpan or Panpan。

but but，There is a question here，The national scope circulating in Panluan and Pangu myths does not include Zhuang people，So is the Huashan rock painting that is considered to be the cultural heritage of the Zhuangtai National Cultural Heritage in the myth and faith? From the perspective of the current national distinction，This seems to be unreasonable，The question is: first，The Qin and Han Dynasties created by main rock paintings，Is the nation or crowd already according to the current Zhuang people、Yao people、Miao people, etc. The division of the ethnic group is a modern concept and subjective understanding。From the front we talked about the Zhuang and the Yao people, they both called bet365 live casino games the frogs "turning" or "good"，It can be seen that there are many common points between the two。Second，Is Huashan rock painting really made by the current ancestors of Zhuang or ancient Luo Yue? third，Does the ancient Luo Yue people have no myths and faith in Pangu or Panpi? If you are not sure, answer these three questions，Then our explanation can be prepared。

From the current archaeological data comparison，The squatting human form in Huashan Rock painting should be the earliest and best preservation of the most preserved Thor image in my country。Through literature records、Archaeological Discovery、Certificate of folk materials for national folk materials，Starting from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods，Thunder God continues to continue to this day with a clear and changeable image，Recently in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Na Yangshan and Qing Dynasties in Tianfeng County, Guangxi、The Cats of the Cats of the Cats of the Cats of the Cats of the Cats of the Cats of the Cat (During the Ming Jiajing period) and Bailong Village, Bailong Village in Pingxiang City (the carbon was in the Kangxi reign of 1700 AD)，is the best explanation of this。The grave neck painted rock paintings are clear about the text of Thunder God: "Thunder is in，The gods of the gods "; and the cat -shaped rock paintings of Lane Mountain also have a proof of national scientific materials that clearly pray for rain rituals，Coupled with the Anturth Festival in the entire Lingnan area、Frog worship sacrifice、Leigong Temple、Copper drums and other forms of thunder god cultural relics，​​All shows the Thunder Cultural System with Zuojiang Huashan Rock painting as the source and tradition in the historical process of thousands of years，Diversified development of various eras，Inheritance is like，self -made one pulse，Following the past。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Hebei Normal University)