Human remains are the most common in archaeological excavations、One of the most important but most overlooked relics。The morphological characteristics on the remains are the most basic biological characteristics of human beings，It is influenced by human genetics，Is an important part of human genetic structure。In the absence of a catastrophe that causes the extinction of the population or large-scale interbreeding，Human morphological characteristics remain relatively stable，And different groups of bet365 bonus bets maintain their own characteristics。At the same time，Chemical elements contained in human remains、isotope、Genetic information and other information provide important materials for our comprehensive understanding of ancient populations and ancient societies。Therefore，Human remains are studying the origin and evolution of humans、Physical Characteristics、Health status、Genetic information、Food structure、Migration and integration, etc.，Has an irreplaceable role in other relics。

Early 20th century，Europe and America、Japanese scholars and explorers during inspections or archaeological excavations in China，Just pay attention to the collection of human remains and fossils，And handed over to anthropologists for research。Such research believes that，There is a closer relationship between prehistoric Chinese bet365 bonus bets and modern Chinese，Indirectly subverts the argument of "Chinese culture from the West" advocated by some scholars。Mr. Li Ji, the founder of modern Chinese archeology, in order to explore the origin of Chinese civilization and Chinese bet365 bonus bets，Studying Anthropology at Harvard University, USA，And obtained the first Chinese doctorate in anthropology with "The Origin of the Chinese"。After，He is presiding over the excavations of Yin Ruins in Anyang，Always pay attention to the collection of human remains，And carry out special collation research。After the founding of New China，Archaeological excavation attaches great importance to the collection of human bone data、Organization and research。Currently，Various research institutions and universities have collected hundreds of thousands of human bone data，Initially established the origin of the Chinese、Evolution、Development、The space-time frame structure of migration and integration，And carried out multi-disciplinary collaborative research and cultural integration research。

The Anthropological Foundation of the Formation of bet365 bonus bets Civilization

Human fossil research discovery，At least 40,000 to 50,000 years ago，Modern humans with anatomical features consistent with modern humans have already appeared in large numbers in mainland China。They have big brains，Proficient in fire techniques，Can make and use complex tools，Have preliminary aesthetics and beliefs。Research thinks，Although there are certain differences between their physical characteristics and modern Chinese，But they have the closest relationship with modern Chinese，In many aspects, they are even related by the same strain。Beijing’s Shandingshan Cave Man and the Guangxi Liujiang Man who were both late Homo sapiens about 30,000 years ago，Represents the North China type and South China type respectively in the forming Mongoloid race，They have very similar physical characteristics to modern North Chinese and South Chinese bet365 bonus bets。This indicates that tens of thousands of years ago，The Chinese at that time had already shown the "alien" phenomenon of North-South differentiation。

Based on the research of a large number of human fossils and human bone materials unearthed，In the origin of Chinese civilization、Evolution、Development、Key stages and core areas of prosperity，Different eras in China、Although ancient bet365 bonus bets in different regions have slightly different shapes，But they all belong to the large Mongoloid race，That is, the yellow race，Just different types belonging to the large Mongolian species，No elements of Europan and Negro race or large mixing of different races have been found yet。In other words，The origin and formation of Chinese civilization were independently completed by the ancient Chinese bet365 bonus bets, with the Huaxia ethnic group as the main body，No large-scale human replacement or extinction has occurred。This is the biological basis of the unique Chinese civilization，It is the endless continuity of Chinese civilization、The endless foundation of anthropology，It is also the unity of national culture、The genetic basis of a high degree of national identity。

Pursuing the traces of our ancestors

Early Neolithic Age，China’s ancient bet365 bonus bets and archaeological culture basically show a point distribution，Research shows that a small number of human bone materials were unearthed，No large-scale cultural exchanges and crowd integration were found。Xinglongwa Culture and Peiligan Culture Stages in the Middle Neolithic Age，Both the scale of the site and the communication among bet365 bonus bets have been greatly improved compared with the early days。Based on research on human remains from different sites，At this stage, the physical characteristics of bet365 bonus bets from different cultures have formed their own characteristics，And inherited as a stable gene。

Through current archaeological discoveries，We can basically determine the "ancient Northeastern type" represented by the Xinglongwa Culture in Inner Mongolia around 8,000 years ago in the northern region、The physical characteristics of the "ancient Central Plains type" based on the Jiahu site in Henan, which dates back about 9,000 years ago, and the "ancient South China type" based on the Zengpiyan site in Guilin, Guangxi that dates back about 10,000 years ago。The characteristics of these groups，Preliminarily determined the physical type and genetic structure of Chinese prehistoric bet365 bonus bets，Laid the physical foundation for later and modern Chinese bet365 bonus bets。The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope content in human bones can reveal the food structure of ancient bet365 bonus bets。Stable isotope research shows that Jiahu bet365 bonus bets used hunting as their main means of livelihood in the early days，The fishing industry then gradually increased；Late population growth，Increase in agricultural content，Using rice farming and livestock breeding as the main food sources。Strontium isotopes in human bones can analyze the migration and integration of ancient bet365 bonus bets。Strontium isotope analysis of Jiahu site shows，Five of the 14 human individuals studied were immigrants，Higher proportion of foreign population，And it shows a trend of increasing population migration rate from morning to night。Population expansion at this stage、Primitive agricultural development and frequent cultural and bet365 bonus bets exchanges，Let Chinese civilization begin to move towards its own development path。

6000-5000 years ago，The rapid development of social productivity，Massive population expansion，Different regions、The exchanges between bet365 bonus bets of different cultures are frequent and close。Research findings，At least since the late Yangshao Culture，The ancient bet365 bonus bets in the Central Plains region began to migrate and expand on a large scale，The process of "Yangshaoization" of a wide range of different groups of bet365 bonus bets has begun。bet365 bonus bets with "ancient Central Plains type" physical characteristics are found in the east and along the coast of Shandong、Northeast to Xiliao River Basin、North to central and southern Inner Mongolia、West to western Shaanxi、It has been found as far south as northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai areas，This is highly consistent with the distribution and scope of influence of Yangshao culture，Explains that the development and prosperity of culture is closely related to the migration and flow of bet365 bonus bets。At the same time，We also found out，Ancient bet365 bonus bets from other regions also began to appear in the hinterland of the Central Plains，Signs similar to ancient bet365 bonus bets from the Mongolian Plateau or the Xiliao River Basin were found in the Yangshao Culture Cemetery on the western slope of Lingbao, Henan, about 5300 years ago。Obviously，The flow of bet365 bonus bets in ancient times may have gone in both directions，But the bet365 bonus bets in the Central Plains area mainly spread to the surrounding areas。

At the same time，Differences gradually appear in the distribution range of the population in the Central Plains，The Banpo ruins in Xi'an, Shaanxi appeared、bet365 bonus bets with different morphological characteristics centered on the Miaodigou site in Sanmenxia, ​​Henan and the Dawenkou site in Shandong，That is, differentiation has begun to appear among the same type of ancient bet365 bonus bets，Shows that the large-scale Yangshaoization of the population and the small-scale internal differentiation occurred at the same time。

At this stage, the livelihood patterns and bet365 bonus bets’s food structure in different regions also changed，There is also class differentiation in food structure and tomb form。The staple food of the Yangshao Cultural Site on the western slope of Lingbao, Henan is mainly millet and broomcorn millet (accounting for about 80%)，Have a certain amount of meat intake，Possibly domestic pigs and wild deer are the main meat resources；Human bones from high-level burials show greater meat intake，It shows that bet365 bonus bets’s dietary structure was differentiated and class differentiated at that time。The Hemudu Culture and Songze Culture in the Yangtze River Basin during the same period，The food of ancient bet365 bonus bets was mainly rice，At the same time accompanied by some fishing and hunting，Basically established China’s economic pattern of “rice in the south and millet in the north”。

5000 years later，The Yangshao culture gradually declined in the Central Plains，bet365 bonus bets and culture gradually shrink inward，Shandong Dawenkou culture is expanding rapidly，Take advantage of the momentum to move westward and southward。The Dawenkou cultural group went south to the south of the Huaihe River，Go west across Luxi、Eastern Henan goes directly to central Henan and southwestern Henan，Shuanghuaishu Site in Gongyi, Henan、Dawenkou cultural factors and physical characteristics of different groups of bet365 bonus bets have been discovered at the Xiawanggang site in Xichuan。This "Dawenkouization" of prehistoric cultural and physical characteristics in the Central Plains has great influence on the cultural pattern of Chinese prehistory and the Bronze Age、Even the culture of later generations has had a profound impact，Some cultural phenomena even survive to this day。

Strontium isotope research shows，The Jiaojia ruins in Zhangqiu, Shandong, in the core area of ​​Dawenkou Culture, has a very small non-native population，The proportion of immigrants in the middle and upper classes is smaller，There may be class gaps in the migration of bet365 bonus bets。Stable isotope research also shows that the proportion of meat intake varies between different levels of bet365 bonus bets。Middle and late Yangshao Culture and Dawenkou Culture stages，No matter from the shape of the tomb、The food structure depends on the migration of bet365 bonus bets，Social class differentiation has become more serious，The prototype of civilization has basically taken shape。

The Longshan Cultural Stage more than 4,000 years ago，Intensified communication and conflicts between different types of bet365 bonus bets，It may even lead to the demise or rupture of a highly mature culture。Although in the prehistoric cemetery of Qingliangsi in Ruicheng, southern Shanxi, bet365 bonus bets of different shapes appeared at the same site，However, at the Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi, there is a discrepancy between the early and middle stages of the population and the late stage population。At the same time，Strontium isotope research shows，The proportion of foreign population in the late Taosi period exceeded 70%。This is definitely not the population structure of a normal settlement，Can only be the result of large-scale social conflicts and population replacement。In the late period of the Taosi site, the early and middle tombs were destroyed and the remains were damaged，These all indicate that large-scale social unrest and social conflicts may have occurred between the middle and late Taosi sites。Combined with a series of archaeological discoveries such as human head pits at the Shenmu Shimao site in Shaanxi Province in recent years，And morphological studies on human skeletal remains，We have reason to believe，The crowd at the Shimao site may have caused catastrophe to the Taosi culture，Even the residents of the Taosi ruins were forced to move north，This is highly consistent with the conclusions of anthropological research。These bet365 bonus bets who migrated north had a great influence on later generations，Even to northern Shaanxi、The pre-Zhou culture in Longdong and other places had a huge impact。Many human remains have been damaged in many Longshan cultural sites，There are even human head pits in the Shimao ruins，This culture of using human heads as sacrificial objects has had a great impact on the sacrificial culture of Yinxu in Anyang。Such social conflicts and large-scale population movements accelerated the formation of early countries to a certain extent。

The results of ancient DNA research on human bones unearthed from the Wadian site in Yuzhou, Henan Province during the Longshan Period show，The ancient Wadian Longshan culture bet365 bonus bets are the closest genetically to the modern Han bet365 bonus bets，At the same time, it was observed that the residents of the Wadian site in Yuzhou, Henan during the Longshan period had an inflow of genetic elements from southern East Asia，This component continued to flow in during the formation of the modern Han bet365 bonus bets。The ancient populations in the Central Plains region maintained a relatively stable genetic structure，At the same time, there is an inflow of foreign genes，There is a certain synchronicity between the integration of bet365 bonus bets and the exchange of cultures。

The formation of the ancient bet365 bonus bets anthropological community

Entering the Bronze Age，The integration and differentiation of the crowd are more obvious，Even among the Qijia cultural bet365 bonus bets in the northwest Gansu and Qinghai regions, different forms of differentiation of different types of cultural groups have appeared。Research on limited human bone materials from the Erlitou site in Luoyang, Henan shows，Although most residents may be descendants of the Longshan cultural bet365 bonus bets in the Central Plains，But there are also bet365 bonus bets from Haidai area、Archaeological, cultural and anthropological clues in the Gansu-Qinghai region and the northern region。

The recent phenomenon of multiple men, women, old and young being buried in wells at the Erlitou site has not been discovered in the past，This phenomenon, which may be related to sacrifices, etc., provides a useful perspective for us to understand the social relations and the origin of the bet365 bonus bets at that time。Stable isotope research shows，Erlitou bet365 bonus bets’s food is mainly millet (80%-90%)，A small number of bet365 bonus bets also eat rice。Strontium isotope research shows，The proportion of outsiders at the Erlitou site exceeds 30%，At almost the same time, the proportion of foreign population at Qinghai Lajia Qijia Cultural Site was only 13%。Ancient DNA research shows，The ancient population at the Erlitou site is closest to the eastern Asian population in terms of sequence variation，With modern Shanxi、Henan、Han populations in Shandong and other areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have relatively close genetic relationships。In addition，The ancient population at the Erlitou site has the characteristics of rich genetic diversity and multiple maternal origins，Indicates that the sources of the population at the Erlitou site are diverse。

The Yin and Shang Dynasties were the climax of large-scale population migration and integration。Oracle Display，The King of Shang continued to conquer，Capture residents from various places and bring them to Shangdu as slaves and sacrifices。At the same time，The highly developed business civilization attracted bet365 bonus bets from all over the world。Display of human bone data unearthed from Yin Ruins，There were bet365 bonus bets of different shapes from all over the capital in the capital at that time。The size and range of origins of these diverse groups are far greater than in the past，Some bet365 bonus bets come from the northwest、North、Central China and even South China。Strontium isotope research shows，At least more than 20% of the individuals are from other places，The proportion of immigrants in the upper class is higher。Some scholars even believe that the Shang Dynasty may have elements from the European race，The Shang royal family may have originated from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Liao region，This shows that the Shang Dynasty itself was a diverse and unified culture and a peak of migration where a variety of bet365 bonus bets were mixed。

Anthropological materials from the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Early Zhou Dynasty，The culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty itself is created by multiple cultures and different forms of bet365 bonus bets，Pre-Zhou culture and residents can even be traced back to prehistoric times in southern Shanxi。The territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty contains a large number of bet365 bonus bets with different physical types，And，Under the stable social structure of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The group of bet365 bonus bets mainly composed of "ancient Central Plains types" continues to spread to all directions，Go west into the Hexi Corridor area，Go south into the Two Lakes area，Go north into southern Ningxia and central and southern Inner Mongolia，Bringing fresh cultural and genetic "blood" to the local area。A series of anthropological materials unearthed from the tombs of Chu kings in recent years，There are certain differences in the physical characteristics of the Chu aristocrats and the local bet365 bonus bets，They may be northern bet365 bonus bets from the Central Plains，Migrated from the north after being enfeoffed。In research on the origin of Qin bet365 bonus bets，The study of human bones also discovered some oriental elements in Qin bet365 bonus bets’s cemeteries，Coincides with the Qin bet365 bonus bets’s view of Eastern origin。This may be related to the "remote enfeoffment" system that existed at that time。Such a large scale、On the one hand, the flow of bet365 bonus bets in a large space is conducive to the rule of the upper class，On the other hand, it also promotes cultural exchanges、Integrate and prosper，Laid the foundation for the formation of a unified Chinese culture。

Western Weekend period，The power of the Zhou Dynasty declined，When King Ping moved eastward，bet365 bonus bets from the north and bet365 bonus bets from the northwest enter the Central Plains on a large scale，To a certain extent, it transformed the physical characteristics of the bet365 bonus bets in the Central Plains area at that time。The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was another climax of large-scale population migration and integration。Except for social conflicts between different groups of bet365 bonus bets or groups，The phenomenon of "peaceful coexistence" of different groups of bet365 bonus bets has also been discovered in archaeological research。The ruins of the ancient county of Xingtang, Hebei、Zhangjiakou White Temple Ruins、Among the Eastern Zhou Dynasty ruins such as the Helinger Tuchengzi site in Inner Mongolia，There are two different forms、Different business models、The phenomenon of bet365 bonus bets with different cultures and customs living peacefully on the same land。It is this long-term peaceful coexistence、Genes and culture influence each other、Life without distinction between each other，Together we have created the prosperity of culture and the broad-mindedness of “tolerance is great”，It also created the anthropological foundation for Qin Shi Huang’s unification of the world。

The Anthropological Foundation of bet365 bonus bets Civilization

The bet365 bonus bets civilization is the only one in the world that has continued since ancient times、A civilization that has never been interrupted。2020，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 23rd collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee，Archaeological results “illustrate the diversity and unity of the bet365 bonus bets nation and bet365 bonus bets civilization、The formation and development process of family and country integration，Reveals the values ​​​​that bet365 bonus bets society relies on for survival and development and the cultural genes that the bet365 bonus bets nation uses daily without realizing it"。The bet365 bonus bets Civilization Discovery Project started in 2001，It is to understand the "origin of bet365 bonus bets civilization、Formation、Historical context of development，On the formation and development process of the pluralistic unity of bet365 bonus bets civilization，Carry out comprehensive research on the characteristics of bet365 bonus bets civilization and the causes of its formation，“Applied Biology、Molecular Biology、Chemistry、Geoscience、Analysis of my country’s ancient remains using the latest technologies in physics and other cutting-edge disciplines，To provide a solid scientific and technological analysis basis for exploring the origins of bet365 bonus bets civilization，Expand our understanding of China’s civilization history of more than 5,000 years”。

bet365 bonus bets civilization is different from other ancient civilizations in the world，has its own unique origin、Formation、Development path，Have its own cultural characteristics，Unique in the development of world civilization。We have our own environmental characteristics，As the background and stage of ancient human activities，Have a unique business model and technology system that adapts to and utilizes environmental development，Have its own management system and social and cultural system，Have its own aesthetic and belief culture。The cultural uniqueness of this series and its continuation to this day、The deep foundation of civilization that has never been interrupted，is the anthropological basis of unity。

The origin of Chinese civilization、Formation、Core areas and key nodes of development research，Research on human fossils and human bone materials shows that ancient Chinese bet365 bonus bets maintained the consistency of the Mongolian race，No genetic components or racial replacement phenomena of other races have been found，The core foundation of the Chinese nation is based on the Huaxia ethnic group，And constantly absorb the fresh blood of other ethnic groups to accumulate and form；On the other hand，The genetic structure of ancient Chinese humans is not static、Standing back on one's laurels，Instead, it continuously integrates the excellent genetic components of other groups during development，At the same time, he also spreads his genes to all directions。It is in this constant conflict、Integration，The continuous integration of different groups of bet365 bonus bets and cultures has laid a solid anthropological foundation for the unity and development of the Chinese nation。This solid anthropological foundation is the enduring biological foundation of Chinese civilization，It is also the centripetal force of the Chinese nation、The basis of national identity。No matter what setbacks the Chinese nation encounters，No matter where they reproduce and migrate，As long as this anthropological foundation remains solid，Wherever Chinese culture will spread，Endless，Endless life。

(Author’s unit: Institute of Archeology, bet365 bonus bets Academy of Social Sciences)