The ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is located in the northeast of Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，Constructed on the platform on the west bank of the Water River River，Northern Globan Tonggut Desert is about 20 kilometers，Southern Southern Shandong Duan Pogda is about 40 kilometers，About 30 kilometers to the west to the north court ruins，The oasis corridor at the northern foot of Tianshan，It is the throat town of the eastern part of Xinbei Road, Silk Road。

2018-2022，Renmin University，The ancient city site of the Tang Dynasty has been carried out for five consecutive years of archeological exploration and excavation work，The construction system and scale of the city site have been explored，Discovery and revealing the site of the courtyard、Roman -style bath site、Site of the Buddhist temple、Jingjiao Temple、City Wall Gate and other important ruins，Extravasion、Porcelain、Copper、Glassware and other types of precious cultural relics。Current，The Joint Archaeological Team has confirmed that the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty.，Founded in the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan (640)，Betting in Gaochang Hui and Xiliao period，abandoned during the Mongolian Yuan period in the 14th century。

Confirmation of the archeological exploration work of the ancient city site of the Tang Dynasty in 2019，The platform located in the center of the city site is a large -scale rammed earth building base address。2020，Joint archeological team cleaned and excavated the base address of the building，Cleaning and mural exposure work in some areas continued until 2022.。According to the shape structure of the building base address、Unearthed relics and residual murals，The base site of the building is determined to be a Buddhist temple site built in the Tang Dynasty。

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Buddhist buildings occupy an important position in the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty，Not only does it appear as a large area of ​​area、High terrain，More importantly, the position of its position bet365 best casino games is prominent，and neat symmetry，Careful design layout。

The site of the Buddhist temple is located above the rammed earth base in the center of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty，About 40 meters long，About 20 meters wide north and south，Nearly 2.5 meters above the surface。The site of the Buddhist temple is sitting on the East of the West，Plane is rectangular，symmetrical layout along the east -west axis。The Site of the Buddhist Temple is from the wall、Corridor、Tower Base Palace、Buddhist temple、vestibular and front yard and other 6 parts composition，The ruins of two rooms were found on the west side of the outer wall of the Buddhist temple。

Symptoms of the Wall North and South，About 28 meters long，about 15 meters wide north and south，West、South、North Three Walls is about 1.4 meters thick，The east wall is about 0.6 meters thick。The four -sided wall is all adobe and stitches，The collapse of the northern wall is more serious，Ecoly specifications used in the walls of the walls are different，including different sizes such as 42 × 24 × 6 cm and 36 × 20 × 8 cm。

The corridor is about 1.6 meters wide，Red color painting traces on the south wall of the north corridor，The ground of the corridor on both sides of the north and south is found to have paved tiles。

The Palace of the Tower Base is located on the ease of the soil on the west side of the Buddha Temple，The high platform of the rammed soil is covered with a fight，Originally built on the top with a pagoda，It has collapsed now。The plane of the bottom of the pagoda is square，The inner wall is about 3 meters long，Deep 1.8 meters，Digged and built on the rammed earth platform。The accumulation of the ground palace is disturbed by the late tombs。The gap on the south side is the doorway of the entry and exit palace，about 0.9-1 meters wide。Ditch discovered in the base palace，Trouting Terrace is from the native ground to the top total height of about 5 meters，The method of ramming is consistent with the city wall ramming method。Play 3 layers of soil layer on the native loess ground，The bottom layer at the bottom is a light yellow pad soil with a thickness of about 0.5 meters thick，It is a gray -black cushion soil with a thickness of about 0.35 meters thick，Dark yellow pads with a thickness of about 0.45 meters thick，The total thickness of the soil bet365 live casino games layer is about 1.3 meters。Dark gray and yellow pure soil or rammed on the ground layer，The thickness of each layer is about 0.06-0.1 meters，The total thickness of the top of the Palace of the Palace is about 3.7 meters。

The Buddhist Hall is located on the east side of the Palace，Plane is rectangular，The inside is about 7.5 meters long，about 6 meters wide north and south，West connecting the soil，East、South、The inner wall built by the north three planes for adobe barbits，The wall is about 1.3 meters thick，A area of ​​about 45 square meters。The gap between the middle of the east wall is the door site，about 2.4 meters wide，Stable a north -south wood pillar，It may be the original threshold structure。24 pieces of complete paving tiles found in the north of the Buddha Temple，There are white gray walls and red paint traces in the northern wall。

In the middle of the western part of the Buddhist temple, the naval square of the Buddhist Buddhist Taiwan，About 4 meters long north and south，About 2 meters wide，Destruction on the surface of the tabletop，The remaining white ash surface and mural traces，It is speculated that the front is the original Buddha statue base。Pillar holes with a diameter of 0.2 meters in the south side of the table，Triangle niche structure is stored in the north side of the table，The wall and the connected walls are retained with painted murals，Among them, the contents of the vertical murals of the 龛 wall are red grid，The content of the bottom mural is red concentric circle and black vortex，The content of the wall of the wall below the niche is the topic and the supporter image。

The vestibular plane is rectangular，About 12.3 meters long in the north and south，About 4.8 meters wide，connected to the corridor at both ends of the north and south。The vestibule is a gallery -like structure，Four round stone columns in the north and south of 2.5 meters from the east wall of the Buddha Temple，Except the pillar basis corresponding to the door address is about 3.1 meters，The remaining pillar distance is about 1.7 meters，Judgment according to the vestibular North -South span，The original side side has 6 pillars，Symmetric distribution。More than 60 paving square bricks existing in the ground ground，The size of the tiles of the corridor and the Buddhist temple is consistent，The side Bet365 lotto review length is about 0.3 meters。Found more white -gray walls in the vestibular collapse、Painted murals and traces of overfire。

The front yard is located east of the vestibular，Graphic Nearly Founded，About 14.8 meters long in the north and south。The adobe wall of the north -south side is connected with the temple wall，Limited by the excavation area，Not cleaned out of the east wall。The height difference between the front yard and the vestiba is about 0.5 meters，Step is built in the center of the west side，About 1.8 meters long in the north and south、About 0.75 meters wide，A total of two levels。The north -south wall of the western part of the courtyard is the east wall of the wall，The central part of the door is about 1.5 meters wide。Found more adobe residues in the collapse of the front yard。

The location of the room is located on the west side of the Buddhist temple，The limited area of ​​the excavation area is only exposed to the part of the east side。The wall is built by the alternation of adobe and mud，Put the inner wall of the wall，Put a layer of white ash and grass and gray in the event surface，Facing and hard。speculation according to the location，The function of the room site may be the monk house or warehouse of the Buddhist temple site。

　　There are many unearthed relics

The relics unearthed from the Buddhist temple site are mainly pottery，And some stone tools、Porcelain、Boneware and metal device，Among them, the Buddha statue and lotus pattern tiles reflect the artistic characteristics of Buddhism at that time。

The Buddha statue was unearthed in the collapse of the Buddhist temple，Insidant body stone，Destination is more serious，Only the shoulder to the abdomen，10 cm residual height，14.3 cm wide。Its texture is expressed in the carving method，Wear beads on the chest，Buddhist clothing is the right right style of the shoulders，Mid -clothes is bypassed from the right underarms，outer covered top。

Lotus pattern tiles were unearthed in the collapse of the west side of the Buddhist temple，The overall is round，Destination is more serious，Restoration diameter 18.6 cm，thick 1.45 cm。2.3 cm width of the side of the side，outer ring decorated with convex string pattern and lianzhu pattern，Interior lotus pattern，Back flat。

other，This site also unearthed the copper coin "Yongtong Ten Kingdom" cast during the Northern bet365 Play online games Zhou Dynasty，The copper coin was unearthed in the collapse of the west side of the Buddhist temple，3 cm diameter，Width 0.84 cm。Round square wear、Light Back Reading，Face "Yongtong Ten Kingdoms"，The font is Jade Bid。

The murals of the current Gaochang Hui period in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in Turpan，Especially Baizi Krick Grottoes are the most，Under the historical background of the Silk Road and West Exchange，It produced rich mural content and exquisite character shape，Have a strong artistic appeal。Buddha statue、Thousand Buddhas、Bodhisattva statue、Buddhist stories and supporters，All are a large number of content that appears in Gaochang back to the mural。

The site of the Dunfo Temple of the Tang Dynasty, 3 pieces of murals，Draw for the Gaochang Hui period，All located on the wall surface on the side of Fo Taipei。The content of the mural exposed on the bottom wall is the clearest，The screen is about 140 cm width，about 40 cm high。The mural draws 5 supporters image side by side with black lines，Damage due to collapse of the wall，Only the lower body of the residual character，All facing east，Roll the robe with a placket、Pointed Boots，The supporter of the central center is the robe with red color。There are ink books on the right side of the supporters on the right side of the person on the right side of the person，The name of the supporter should be。

Portrait of Return to Portrait，Including the royal nobles、Civilian、Bhikkhu, etc.，Regardless of the character image or clothing，Its identity and the characteristics of the times are more prominent。These precious mural art absorbed East and Western cultural elements，The content reflects the Buddhist belief of Gaochang's return period。Its superb painting techniques，Pay attention to the expression of lines，The rhythmic pattern pattern，It also reflects the creativity and aesthetics of the society at that time。

The traditional Chinese mural production tradition，General ground fights include two types of grass mud layer and thin mud layer，Wipe 1-2 layers of grass mud on the outside of the adobe wall，Apply 1 layer of thin fine mud，Pressing neat cleaning 1 layer of white ash surface，Last line drawing on top of the white gray surface，The murals of the Temple Temple in the Tang Dynasty, which uses this method of making。and the murals found in Dunfo Temple in the Tang Dynasty，Delica bet365 live casino games layer only includes thin mud layers，No grass mud layer is seen，The texture of the thin mud layer is relatively hard and flat，Draw the mural with red or black lines on the above brushing gray，The difference in production techniques may reflect the difference between production era and craftsmen。

　　Reflecting the rise and fall of the city and the Silk Road communication

The ancient city of the Tang Dynasty as the ancient city of Pucian County, Tingzhou, Tang Dynasty，It is one of the most complete ancient urban sites preserved at the northern foot of Tianshan，It is the historical empirical evidence of the central government of the Tang Dynasty's administration of the Western Regions，It is also studying the ethnic relations between the Datang Empire and the border areas at that time、Important reference for local military and political construction。Discovery of the Site of the Buddhist Temple of the Ancient City of the Tang Dynasty，concentrated reflects the historical process of the rise and fall of the development of the ancient city，It also reflects the cultural exchanges and integration of the Silk Road，It has a strong historical significance and practical significance。

The Foundation of the Temple of the Buddhist Temple is built on the native ground，The method of ramming is the same as the practice of the ancient city wall of the Tang Dynasty，Explain that its establishment period should be consistent with the ancient city，During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty，Combined with the relic layer relationship、Building structure and unearthed relics，It can be judged that it has used Gaochang to return to the period，After many renovation and reconstruction，To the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, it was finally abandoned at the same time as the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty.。

The layout of the site of the Buddhist temple of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty shows the front tower structure of the front hall with a corridor，At present, the number of Buddhist temples from the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty was found in the northern foot of Tianshan.，Refer to the ground Buddhist temple found in Gaochang, the southern foot of Tianshan，can be divided into the Buddhist temple as the center、Three types: centered on the Tower Temple and the front temple and the back of the tower，Each type has its own development context and source flow。The site of the Dunfo Temple in the bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty is connected with the above three categories and different，Provides precious information for the spread and flow of Buddhism in the northern foot of Tianshan.。

Buddhist temple Buddhist temple、The corridor and the vestiba are paved with square bricks，The pillar foundation of the north and south is found in the vestibular，Building components such as lotus pattern tiles unearthed in the collapse，It reflects the stronger Tang Dynasty Central Plains architectural style，According to this, the roof of the buildings such as the Buddhist temple is originally a beam structure。The solemn layout and material material of the Buddhist temple，Explain that the traditional construction techniques of the Tang Dynasty have a direct impact on the western cities in the north of Tianshan。

　　(This article is the "Targeting and Research on Archaeological Data of the Ancient City Sites of the Tang Dynasty" (21ckg016) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of History of Renmin University of China)