Pre -Qin period，China has developed a fairly mature calendar and acoustic rhythm system，Both were given a strong political color at the time。"The Analects of Confucius · Wei Linggong" contains: "Yan Yuan asked as a state。Zi said: ‘When you are in summer，By Yinzhizhi，Le Ze Shao Wu，Le Ze Shao Wu。Put Zheng Sheng，Yuanzhu Ren，Zheng Shengqian，佞 殆 殆。'"In the eyes of people at the time，Calendar can arrange the people，Music can teach people's hearts，All are important tools for governing the country。Before Spring and Autumn，Calendar and Sound Rhythm is a column，Like the two alone with political concepts。The Warring States Period，Calendar and Sound Rhythm with the theory of Yin and Yang developed at that time，Some kind of fusion appeared。After the establishment of a unified country in the Han Dynasty，Unexpectedly need to build a set of worldview and political theoretical system that is consistent with it。Integration of the theory of Yin and Yang Five Elements with the learning of heaven and man，Calendar and Sound Rhythm also completed a symbol in this system。

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As a long -established agricultural country，China's astronomical calendar has a relatively mature observation system for a long time。Certificate of Guanxiangtai Site, Tao Temple Village, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province more than 4,000 years ago，At that time, people already had a clear concept of summer solstice and winter solstice，Start system observation and summarize the operation of the sun and the moon。"Shang Shu · Yao Dian" said: "，Qin Ruo Haotian，Calendar, Sun, Moon Star，Time to teach the people。"" Shang Shu · Hong Fan "also mentioned:" Never Yi Yi，Bailu is used formed，乂 Use Ming，Junmin use chapter，Home use。""，Calendar is an important guarantee bet365 best casino games for arranging farmers and mulberry affairs and the administration of Baiguan，Occupied in the early national governance。Before Spring and Autumn，Calendar is still at the time of viewing，The size of the month and the arrangement of the leap month have not yet been summarized a stable calculation system，Depending on the dedicated observation personnel to adjust at any time according to the heavenly phenomenon，Technology is only for a small number of people。Therefore，Moving calendar has become a symbol of ruling power。

Beyond the calendar，Sound rhythm also has a long history in China。1986，Bone Flutes unearthed from the Neolithic Times of Jiahu Village, Wuyang County, Henan Province，As early as 89,000 years ago，Chinese ancestors already have the concept of seven -sound steps。Zeng Houyi bell unearthed from Sui County, Hubei Province，The total sound range spans five octa degrees，The center sound of the center of the sound is full，A complete five -sound、Six sounds or seven -sounding music。Like the calendar，Sound rhythm also had important political significance at the time。"Shang Shu · Shun Dian": "The emperor said:‘ 夔! Life Ru Dianle，Teaching，straight and warm，Broadly and shudder，Jane but not proud，Jane but not proud。'"" Shang Shu · Yi Yi ":" Emperor said: ‘Yu Xun Six Laws, Five Sounds and Eight Sounds，，To make five words，Ru Listening。'"mature voice rhythm system and the effects of the influence of people and emotional effects of music，Make the rhythm a means to be an important means of the people of the lower people and the current sarcasm。

Before Spring and Autumn，Calendar is the main basis for the monarch to issue a four -time decree，It embodies the authority and guidance function of politics; the rhythm is a tool for teaching the people，It reflects the moral significance of politics。Calendar、Sound rhythm is associated with politics，However, each other is independent split。but，This phenomenon changed after entering the Warring States Period。

　　Preliminary integration of the Warring States Period's Calendar

bet365 live casino games With the development of production technology and the accumulation of knowledge and experience，The ability and theory of people to understand the world and explain the world have also changed，The mystery and authority of the calendar method gradually micro，Evolution into a cognition of the objective world that can be mastered by the public。Zhang Ruzhou once ordered the fourteenth year of the week of the week to test the king of the week (427 years ago).，Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House 1987 edition，page 13)。That is to say，From the early Warring States Period，Ordinary Volkswagen can already get rid of the restrictions when viewing granting，Push the corresponding Shuo Dan branch，As "Mencius Li Lou Xia": "The height of the sky is also，Far of the Stars，Gou ask for it，Chitose Day to，can be used to cause。"In fact，As early as the late Spring and Autumn Period，Award for the authority of the monarchy、The gift of Shuo is no longer valued by the public。"The Analects of Confucius · Eight 佾": "Zigong wants to go to sue Shuo Zhi sheep，Zi said: ‘Ci Ye! I love their sheep，I love its gift。'"This indicates，When the calendar that was originally only in the upper -level aristocracy was gradually known to the public，Its political color also begins to eliminate。

To continue to maintain the sacredness of the monarchy's politics，Calendar is combined with the theory of Yin and Yang developed during the Warring States Period，No longer based on meeting the needs of the people's production and life as the main purpose，Developed from "current affairs" to "moral politics"，The concept of four hours with the main content of "respecting the people" and "yin and yang punishment" appeared，Added the connotation of the interaction of heaven and man，Calendar and Sound Rhythm also realized some kind of integration due to the theory of Yin and Yang Five Elements。

"Tube · Four Osh" is about to be divided into punishment in national governance、Virtue two parts，Match with four bet365 best casino games o'clock，means "only the saints know four o'clock。I don't know four o'clock，The foundation of losing the country ...，Dali of Heaven and Earth。Four o'clock people，Yin and Yang's large path also。Criminal morality，Four o'clock in line。Criminal morality is blessed when it is in harmony，Strange rules "。"Tube · Five Elements" is with astronomy with yin and yang，five elements with five sounds，increase the two to the height of the road，It means "it is exactly the yang qi，So everything is also，Jingwei Sun and Moon，Use it to the people。Like Yin Qi，So everything is also，Jingwei Xing calendar，to depend on it。... Five sounds，Then set up five elements，Time to the Sky "。But under this structure，Calendar and Sound Rhythm have not been completely combined，Just formed a relatively simple corresponding relationship。

To the late Warring States Period，"Liye Qin Jian", "Yuelu Academy Tibetan Qin Jian", "Zhoujiatai Qin Jian" and other unearthed materials are displayed.，Calendar's mathematical calculations were well known to the general public at that time; the rhythm of the same period also evolved from five sounds to twelve laws。This makes the two have the basis of further integration in both。"Lu's Spring and Autumn · Twelve Ji" indicates that at that time, the people had been paired with the twelve laws at the time: "Meng Chunzhi's month，Day in the camp，Cin will，Dan Tail Zhong ... its sound corner，Too。... Meng Xia's month，Day in Bi，Infozon，Dan Nu Girl High School ... its sound signs，Law Zhongzhong Lu。"" Lu's Spring and Autumn · Dale "set up" Taiyi "as the law outside the yin and yang、The common origin of the calendar，It is "the origin of music far away，Born in measure，Originally in Taiyi。Two instruments，The two instruments come out of yin and yang ...，or cold or cold，or short or long，or soft or just，Out of everything，Made in Taiyi，Turn into Yin and Yang "。So far，The fusion of calendar and sound rhythm is more systematic。

　Law of the two Han Dynasty finally said

Although the preliminary bet365 Play online games integration of calendar and sound rhythm has appeared during the Warring States Period，But the closely related to the interactive relationship between the heaven and man is not well established。After entering the Qin and Han dynasties，People summarize the disaster disaster phenomenon during the Spring and Autumn Period，A set of world views and cosmic theory for two -way interaction of heaven and man。"New Words · Ming Du" in the early Han Dynasty: "The sage inherit the sky，A trip to the sun and the moon，The degree of the stars ... Ping Sihai，Divided Kyushu，Tongye，Customs。"Daoji article": "，Gang Ji does not stand，Later abandonment，So the Shengnai Five Classics，Ming Liuyi ... It is the sound of orchestral silk bamboo，Set the joy of singing and dancing，Luxury，Positive Customs，Tongwen Ya。"" All emphasize that the monarch should do it in the sky，Move because of time，Personalized by heavenly elephant，Personalized Sentences。Compared with early current political ideas, emphasizing one -way obedience to nature，At this time, the explanation of the calendar and the rhythm significantly increased the content of the interaction induction of heaven and man。

Emperor Hanwu period，After the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system for nearly a century，Unexpectedly need to establish a set of new political theory that belongs to its own，After the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system for nearly a century，The calendar、Sound rhythm、Yin and Yang Five Elements Incorporate into the system of "Heaven and Man"。He thinks，The monarch of the ordered to be the emperor，Shun Tian should be placed in the first place，It represents the way of heaven with the calendar、Sonic representative humanitarian。He proposed in "Spring and Autumn Fan Lu · Chuzhuang King First": "It is made as the transformation of the sky，Le is what you should do ...，Deliced ​​in the sky;，The movement of the human heart also，The two are divorced and compounded，One also。"" So far，Law calendar fusion has shown a relatively complete architecture。Later Sima Qian as a disciple bet365 live casino games of Dong Zhongshu，On the basis of inheriting the former of the former，For the first time in "Historical Records", "Law Calendar" is collectively referred to，"Historical Records · Law Book" means: "Law calendar，The sky is the qi of the five elements and eight -righteousness，The sky is so mature。... Create the Law of the Law and Create Day，It can be based on it。"" Historical Records · Taishi Gong's Primary Preface "also said:" Law to live yin and rule yang，Cultivation and yang and yin。Law calendar is more different，It is not tolerant to flutter。”

In the first year of Taichu (before 104)，Emperor Hanwu's lower end of the calendar。After Deng Ping、Falling down and others created too early calendar，It is arranged according to the principle of "calendar"，The number of yellow bells in the rhythm as the calculation basis for calendar。"Hanshu · Lawli" said: "Law Rongyi，Volume 81 inches，The division of the day also。"Deng Ping and other people will legalize the day to 81 points，The return year of the return calendar、Shuangwangyue's length is greater than a quarter calendar value，This is more deviated from the actual celestial phenomenon than the calendar contained in the Book of History。Deng Ping based on the three -point profit and loss method of the law，Hardness mixes the calendar and the rhythm of different systems that originally belonged to different systems，Just to achieve the fusion of mathematicality of the two。to the end of the Western Han Dynasty，Deng Ping's tradition of "starting with the law" is inherited by Liu Ye。Affected by this，Ban Gu Zuo's "Han Book" Zhu Zhishi，Combining the law calendar together，collectively referred to as "Law Calendar"。"Jin Shu · Lawli" is said to be: "Liu Ye created three unifications，To say "Zuo Zhuan"，Examine Li Fei True，Ban Gu confusion，Cai is determined。""，The law calendar is concluded as a book related to the positive history of all ages。

To sum up，Before Spring and Autumn，Calendar and bet365 best casino games Sound Rhythm independent，Each respectively associated with politics。The Warring States Period，In response to the concept of yin and yang five elements，Preliminary integration began to appear in the two。To the Han Dynasty，Calendar、Sound rhythm is further integrated into the political theoretical system of "Heaven and Man"，The foundation of becoming the learning of heaven and man，The two are also collectively referred to as "law calendar"。From spring and autumn to Han Dynasty，The ancient Chinese calendar and vocal rhythm realized from the division to the words、evolution from natural science to political philosophy。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, South China Normal University)