Pre-Qin period,China has developed a fairly mature bet365 sign up offer and rhythm system,Both were given strong political overtones at the time。"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" records: "Yan Yuan asked about the state。Confucius said: ‘The time of summer’,Cheng Yin's chariot,Serving Zhou Zhimian,Lezeshao Dance。Put Zheng Sheng,Yuan Renren,Zheng Shengyin,Nicky people are in danger。’”In the eyes of people at the time,The bet365 sign up offer can arrange civil times,Music can educate people,They are all important tools for governing the country。Before the Spring and Autumn Period,The bet365 sign up offer and the rhythm are divided,Both are independently associated with political ideas。Warring States Period,The bet365 sign up offer harmony is combined with the yin and yang theory developed at that time,Some kind of fusion occurred。After the establishment of the unified country in the Han Dynasty,There is an urgent need to build a consistent worldview and political theory system。With the integration of the theory of yin and yang and the five elements in the study of heaven and man,bet365 sign up offer harmony also completed the synthesis under this system。
Before the Spring and Autumn bet365 sign up offer, the laws and calendars were divided
As an agricultural country with a long history,China’s astronomical bet365 sign up offer has a relatively mature observation system very early on。Proof of the observatory site in Taosi Village, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province more than 4,000 years ago,At that time, people already had clear concepts of summer solstice and winter solstice,Start systematic observation and summary of the movement patterns of the sun and moon。"Shang Shu·Yao Dian" says: "It is the destiny of Xihe,Qinruo Haotian,bet365 sign up offer Sun, Moon and Stars,Respect the time of the people。""Shang Shu·Hong Fan" also mentioned: "The years are not easy,baiguyongcheng,乂永明,Junmin’s seal,Household Pingkang。”Visible,The bet365 sign up offer is an important guarantee for arranging farm affairs and official administration,Occupied an important position in early national governance。Before the Spring and Autumn Period,The bet365 sign up offer is still in the stage of observation and timing,The size of the month and the arrangement of leap months have not yet been summarized into a stable calculation system,Specialized observers are required to adjust at any time according to the celestial phenomena,Technology is only mastered by a few people。Therefore,The promulgation of the bet365 sign up offer becomes a symbol of ruling power。
Outside the bet365 sign up offer,Vocal rhythm also has a long history in China。1986,Confirmed by the bone flute unearthed from the Neolithic site in Jiahu Village, Wuyang County, Henan Province,As early as eight or nine thousand years ago,Chinese ancestors already had the concept of heptatonic scale。Chimes of Marquis Yi of Zeng unearthed in Sui County, Hubei Province,The total vocal range spans five octaves,The central range is twelve semitones complete,Can play a complete five tones、Six- or seven-tone music。Just like the bet365 sign up offer,The rhythm also had important political significance at the time。"Shang Shu Shun Dian": "The emperor said: 'Kui!Ming Ru Dian Le,Jiao Zhouzi,Straight and warm,Kuan Erli,Strong but not cruel,Simple but not proud。’” "Shang Shu·Yi Ji": "The emperor said: 'I want to hear the six rhythms, five tones and eight tones,Zhihu,Five words for cashier,Ru Ting。’”The mature rhythm system and the role of music in influencing people’s hearts and expressing emotions,Making vocal rhythm an important means to civilize the people and satirize current politics。
Before the Spring and Autumn Period,The bet365 sign up offer is the main basis for the monarch to issue decrees for the four seasons,Reflects the authority and guidance function of politics;Rhythm is a tool to educate the people,Reflects the moral significance of politics。bet365 sign up offer、Music and rhythm are each related to politics,But they are arranged independently from each other。But,This phenomenon changed after entering the Warring States Period。
Initial integration of Warring bet365 sign up offer laws and calendars
With the development of production technology and the accumulation of knowledge and experience,People’s ability and theory to understand and explain the world have also changed,The mystery and authority of the bet365 sign up offer are gradually declining,Evolved into a kind of understanding of the objective world that can be grasped by the public。Zhang Ruzhou once determined that Jiayin (427 BC), the fourteenth year of King Kao of Zhou Dynasty, was the first year of the Yin bet365 sign up offer in my country (Zhang Ruzhou: "Erwushi Ancient Astronomical bet365 sign up offer Series",Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House 1987 Edition,Page 13)。In other words,From the early Warring States Period,The general public can now get rid of the restrictions of observing timing,Deduced the corresponding new and leap stems and branches,As "Mencius Li Lou Xia" says: "The sky is high,The stars are far away,Just ask for the reason,The day of a thousand years has arrived,You can sit down and do it。”Actually,As early as the late Spring and Autumn Period,The award that symbolizes the authority of the monarch、The ritual of announcing the new year is no longer valued by the public。"The Analects of Confucius·Eight Yi": "Zigong wants to go and sue Shuo for killing the sheep,Confucius said: ‘Gift’!I love my sheep,I love the etiquette。’”This shows,When the bet365 sign up offer, which was originally only mastered by the upper class nobles, gradually became known to the public,Its political overtones are also beginning to fade。
In order to continue to maintain the sanctity of monarchy,The bet365 sign up offer is combined with the Yin and Yang theory developed during the Warring States Period,No longer the main purpose is to meet the people’s production and living needs,Developing from "current affairs" to "moral affairs",The concept of the four seasons with the main contents of "respecting the time of the people" and "yin and yang punishment virtue" emerged,Added the connotation of interaction between heaven and man,bet365 sign up offer and rhythm also achieved some kind of fusion at this time due to the theory of Yin Yang and Five Elements。
"Guanzi·Four Seasons" divides the governance of the country into punishments、German two parts,Suitable for the four seasons,It is said that "only the sage knows the four seasons。I don’t know the four seasons,It is the foundation of losing the country...it is the yin and yang,The great principles of heaven and earth。Four Seasons,The great diameter of Yin and Yang。Xing De Zhe,The combination of the four seasons。When punishment and virtue are in harmony with the times, happiness will come,Deceit brings disaster"。"Guanzi·Five Elements" uses astronomy to match yin and yang,Use five tones to match the five elements,Raising the two to the level of Tao,It is said that "it connects to Yang Qi",So it’s all about heaven,Longitude, latitude, sun and moon,Use it to the people。Tong Yin Qi,So the place is the same,Longitude and latitude ephemeris,Let them go。...five tones in tune,Then establish the Five Elements,To correct the natural time”。But under this structure,bet365 sign up offer and rhythm have not yet been completely integrated,It just forms a relatively simple corresponding relationship。
To the late Warring States Period,The calendars in unearthed materials such as "Liye Qin Bamboo Slips", "Yuelu Academy Collection Qin Bamboo Slips", "Zhoujiatai Qin Slips" and other unearthed materials are all displayed,The mathematical calculations of the bet365 sign up offer were well known to the general public at that time;At the same time, the rhythm also evolved from five tones to twelve tones。This provides a basis for further integration of the two, both in theory and practice。"Lu Shi Chun Qiu Twelve Chronicles" shows that people at that time had already used the twelve laws to match the twelve months: "The Moon of Meng Chun",Sun in the barracks,Twilight ginseng,In the middle of Dan end...the sound angle,Lv Zhong Tai Cun。…Meng Xia’s Moon,Sun is here,Dark Wings,Danwu Nuzhong...its sound signature,Luzhong Zhonglu。""Lu's Spring and Autumn Period·Da Le" also sets "Tai Yi" as the rhythm in addition to Yin and Yang、The common origin of calendars,It is said that "the origin of music is far away,Born in Measure,Originally from Taiyi。Taiyi comes out of two ways,Yin and Yang emerge from the two instruments...the rise of the four eras,Summer or cold,Short or long,Soft or hard,From which all things come,Created in Taiyi,Transformed into Yin and Yang”。To this point,The integration of bet365 sign up offer and rhythm is more systematic。
The final summary bet365 sign up offer two Han dynasties
Although the Warring States Period saw the initial integration of bet365 sign up offer and rhythm,However, the closely related interactive relationship between heaven and man is not yet fully established。After entering the Qin and Han Dynasties,People summarized the disasters and strange phenomena in the Spring and Autumn Period,Formulate a world view and cosmology of two-way interaction between heaven and man。Lu Jia's "Xinyu Ming Jie" in the early Han Dynasty: "The saint inherits the light of heaven,Journey to the sun and moon,Recording the scale of the stars... leveling the world,Divided into Kyushu,Same likes and dislikes,One custom。""Daoji Chapter": "Etiquette and Righteousness Are Not Enough,Lack of discipline,Degeneration in later generations,So the later sages established the Five Classics,The Six Arts of the Ming Dynasty...are tuned to the sounds of orchestral silk and bamboo,Sing and dance with bells and drums,To save luxury,Correct customs,Tong Wenya。”They all emphasize that the monarch should act in accordance with heaven,Move according to the times,Determine human affairs with celestial phenomena,Feel the sky with people and events。Compared with the one-way obedience to nature that was emphasized in early political thought,The explanation of the bet365 sign up offer and the rhythm at this time obviously increased the content of the interaction between heaven and man。
Period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,After inheriting the Qin system for nearly a hundred years, the Han Dynasty,There is an urgent need to establish a new political theory of our own,Dong Zhongshu then based on the thoughts of his predecessors,Jian bet365 sign up offer、Voice、Yin, Yang and five elements are integrated into the system of "unity of man and nature"。He thinks,The appointed king is the emperor,We should put respect for heaven first,It uses the bet365 sign up offer to represent the way of heaven、Voice represents humanity。He proposed in "Spring and Autumn Fan Lu·The First King of Chuzhuang": "The system should be changed according to nature,Happy to respond to others...Change of Zhengshuo's clothes,Ordered to respond to heaven;Differences in the joy of making gifts,The movement of the human heart,The two separated and reunited,Everything is the same。”So far,The integration of laws and calendars has presented a relatively complete structure。Sima Qian later became Dong Zhongshu’s disciple,On the basis of inheriting the former’s theory of heaven and man,For the first time in "Historical Records", "Lü Li" is collectively called,"Historical Records·Lü Shu" means: "Lü Li",Heaven is connected with the five elements and eight righteous qi,Heaven is the reason why all things are mature。...Jianlu, Yunli, bet365 sign up offer and bet365 sign up offer,It can be measured based on it。" "Historical Records Taishi Gong's Preface" also states: "Law resides in Yin and governs Yang,Living in Yang and curing Yin。Luxury and bet365 sign up offer Rules,There is no time to be erratic。”
The first year of Taichu (104 BC),Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to change the bet365 sign up offer。Afterwards Deng Ping、Luo Xiahong and others created the Taichu bet365 sign up offer,It is arranged according to the principle of "starting the bet365 sign up offer with laws",Use the rhythmic number of yellow bells as the basis for bet365 sign up offer calculation。"Hanshu·Lü Li Zhi" states: "Lü Rong Yi Yan,Accumulation eighty-one inches,It’s just one day。”Deng Ping and others set the Japanese law at 81 points,The return year leading to the Taichu bet365 sign up offer、The length of the synodic moon is greater than the quarter bet365 sign up offer value,This is even more deviated from the actual celestial phenomena than the bet365 sign up offer contained in "Historical Records and Almanacs"。Deng Ping’s three-point profit and loss method based on rhythm,Forcibly mix the calendars and rhythms that originally belong to different systems together,Just to achieve the integration of mathematics and rationality。To the end of the Western Han Dynasty,Deng Ping’s tradition of “starting the bet365 sign up offer with laws” was inherited by Liu Xin。Affected by this,When Ban Gu wrote the Records of the Book of Han,Put the laws and bet365 sign up offer together,Collectively referred to as "Lü Li Zhi"。"Book of Jin·Lü Li Zhi" states: "Liu Xin created the Three Unifications,To talk about "Zuo Zhuan",Beauty is not true,Ban Guhuozhi,Taking ambition。”From now on,The combination of laws and regulations is followed by the official history books of the past dynasties。
In summary,Before the Spring and Autumn Period,bet365 sign up offer and rhythm are independent of each other,Each one is associated with politics。Warring States Period,In response to the concepts of yin and yang and five elements,The two are beginning to merge。To Han Dynasty,bet365 sign up offer、Vocal rhythm is further integrated into the political theory system of "harmony between man and nature",Become the foundation of the study of heaven and man,The two are also collectively called "Lüli"。From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty,The ancient Chinese bet365 sign up offer and rhythm realized the transition from division to synthesis、The evolution from natural science to political philosophy。
(Author’s unit: School of History and Culture, South bet365 sign up offer Normal University)
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