Study in the Late Qingqing Education Reform，Pay more attention to the historical status of imperial examinations and schools，Research on the revision of the academy is relatively lacking，But the transformation of education in modern China started from the academy，The introduction of the new college and the internal transformation of the academy opened a gap in traditional education。Academy Reform is a change from top to bottom by the Qing government nationwide，It is the compulsory execution order issued by the central government to the local government。But in the face of the "one -size -fits -all" policy of the Qing government's reform school for school，Jiangsu produced a variety of different implementation plans，and the support of the local government, it has been good for a long time。Jiangsu as a province for developed economy in the late Qing Dynasty，I am at the forefront of the Reform Academy and Traditional Education。

　　bet365 best casino games Since modern times，The development of traditional Chinese colleges is facing serious crisis。One aspect，Academy Education is reduced to vassal for the imperial examination，Difficult to cultivate the talents of the world，Developed the wind of chasing the name of the scholar。On the other hand，The introduction of Western Xue has caused a huge impact on traditional colleges，Make more and more insightful people recognize the importance of reforming the college and the introduction of Western studies，Try to reform the Academy，Cultivation of the useful talents that meet the need for the times。

Jiangsu not only many academies，and is located in an open area in the eastern coast，It has been affected and affected in the fierce collision of Chinese and Western culture。The disadvantages of people in Jiangsu Traditional Academy often attack，As Xue Shiyu criticized Xi Yin Academy: "，If the urgency of the world ...，but I don't know the practice of the ancient，bet365 Play online games Shi Yiri Music，It is not widely created in the big。"" At the same time，Jiangsu earlier opened a business port，West people founded some church academies and new schools in Jiangsu。These new educational institutions have promoted the voices of the Jiangsu Social Reform College。

After the rise of the Westernization Movement，Some of Jiangsu Kaiming Gong Shen started to try to start a new school，Want to reverse the unfavorable situation of the traditional academy due to the old and old。Among them, the more well -known Longmen Academy founded by Ding Richang，Xu Shou、Gezhi Academy founded by Fu Lanya and others。Different types of new schools they have founded，If Qiaizhi Academy still adopts the traditional academy test system，But imitating the division teaching method created by the Northern Song Dynasty's Confucian Confucian Hu Hao，Fixed Menology、History、Cou -Student、Host、Six Gate of the Public and Celestials，True learning and cultivating practical talents。Gezhi Academy is a co -organized academy in China and the West，A large number of western studies have been opened，spreading Western natural scientific knowledge and training technical talents，Cultivation mode close to the modern new school school。

Late Qing Dynasty in the traditional old learning，Self -renovation difficulties from the academy。Jiangsu Kaiming officials and gentlemen through another new school and class Chinese and Western，It is the pioneer of restructuring for the Chinese academy。Most of the new colleges founded by Jiangsu early were led or advocated by foreign officials，presents "Middle School，Western Xue for the features "characteristics，laid the tone for the future changes in traditional education。

　　Second，Traditional Academy Curriculum Reform of the traditional Academy in the Wujing period evolved to the reform school。The failure of the Sino -Japanese War of the Sino -Japanese War gives the Chinese people with deep stimulation and alert，People of insight in the opponents and the field saw that Japan realized self -improvement through learning the West，Actively call for change education。Kang Youwei、The Zuo Shi Lang Li Duanhuan、Shun Tianfu Yin Huhuan and others successively put forward suggestions for rectifying the charter of the academy and the Confucian Academy，To achieve the purpose of cultivating new talents。The Qing government basically adopted their suggestions，Pass the provinces to handle。

Jiangsu heard the wind and move，Governor of Liangjiang Liu Kunyi invited Zhang Ye to discuss the transformation of traditional colleges。Although both advocate the reform of traditional colleges，But there is differences in the extent of the introduction of Western studies，Zhang Ye proposed the four traditional colleges of Jiangning (Fengchi、Zun Jing、Zhongshan、Xi Yin) still takes middle school as the heavy，Just add the time -affairs course。Liu Kunyi more respects the method of renovation of Hunan Academy。Hunan governor Chen Baozhen presided over Hunan Academy Reform to adopt the courses and sections，Added calculation、Public Land、Gezhi and other practical courses，Main thinking along the new school academy to learn and add western curriculum，Liu Kunyi hopes to imitate this method to realize the transition of Jiangsu traditional education to new education。

Twenty -four years of Guangxu (1898) May 15th，Kang Youwei played Chen "Please ask the provinces to change the academy to the school for school fold"，I think the college should be abolished，blocking the possibility of the academy through internal reforms to realize the possibility of integration with the new education。But as a supporting measure to change the imperial examination and Xingxue Academy，The academy renovated school can clear the obstacles for the development of new education，So Emperor Guangxu adopted this suggestion，On May 22nd, the college from various places was promoted to the school as a school.。

After receiving the order of the Qing government，Jiangsu stepped up the planning of the college renovation of the province。July 11th, 24th year of Guangxu，Jiangsu Xuezheng Qu Hongxun, please the Qing government to change the Nanjing Academy to High School，Select local bet365 best casino games gentlemen who are academic and Chinese and Western as the chief teaching，Emperor Shatian Trial Agricultural。As a representative of Jiangsu Traditional Academy，The renovation of Nanjing Academy has accelerated the disintegration of Jiangsu Traditional Academy and the transformation of Xiang School。

Guangxu 24th July 29th，Liu Kunyi put forward the method of Ningyi Academy's reform school in the "Establishment of the Jiang Province and County School of the Jiang Province": Jiangning Provincial Academy will be changed to schools at all levels of the counties。Other houses and counties and counties，Limited ordered local officials to complete the school's reform school task within one year。Visible，Jiangsu mainly renamed Jiangning Provincial Academy of Academy，The progress of the renovation is relatively fast。while the prefecture -county school academy is relatively delayed，During the period of the Reform Movement of Wuqi, I failed to change the office。Reasons for the reason，First, because the prefectures and counties are not as open to the provincial capital，Local old -fashioned forces are stronger and resistant，The manager of the academy also lacks enthusiasm for implementing reform affairs; the second is that at this time Liu Kunyi has reserved the attitude of abolition of the academy，More tendency to make a stable way to gradually reform within the traditional academy。

　　third，The twists and turns process of the Jiangsu Academy Reconstruction of the School after the Language and Movement Cou type。After the coup in the 18cts，The process of changing the school in Jiangsu College is frustrated。The Ministry of Rites, please restore the college's old system and stop school，The Empress Dowager Cixi believes that the college and the school name are different，Affirmed the curriculum reform of the academy and the admiration for practical learning。To maintain the development of Jiangsu's new education development，The third day of October，Liu Kunyi specially played "Academy Academy Parallels to Fold in Harmony"，Discussion on the real relationship between the academy and the school，revealing the relationship between the two is not the old and the old and the opposition，In essence, they are pursuing practical education and cultivating useful talents。Facing the strong resistance of the conservative forces of the Qing government，Liu Kunyi accepted the status quo of restoring the old system of the academy and the discretionary course，In exchange for the development of some schools。

Just this compromise made the concession that failed to achieve the purpose of continuing to continue the development of school。Guangxu Twenty -five years of Jiangnan High School's new General General Office 蒯 Guangdian plan to expand academy，For this, I raised 100,000 balds for this。When the Qing government rigid to come to Jiangsu to inspect funds，Two of the two "all raised" of Nanjing Fan Shipin。Firming and slandering and suppressing the new school，Jiangsu's high -level officials have to change Jiangnan Higher School to Gezhi Academy。Jiangnan Higher School is an important achievement of Jiangsu Xingxue during the Reform of the Wuxi Witching，Also facing the difficult situation of being abolished。In this situation，Jiangnan High School changed to the academy nominal，In fact, I opened English、Mathematics、Physics、Chemical Course，and renewing foreign teaching、Use school management mode。Others such as Nanjing High School，Although I am fortunate to avoid regulating the college，But the name of the academy，"The content is still the old of the academy，Agricultural Studies "。

The Language and Movement coup has caused a great impact on Jiangsu's education reform，restricted the development process of local new education。but but，Thanks to the use of colleges and school names，Jiangsu Academy Curriculum Reform and School Founding are still moving slowly，For the New Deal Washing Academy at the end of the Qing Dynasty、The comprehensive change of the imperial examination and the Xingxue Academy was prepared。

　　Fourth, the recovery of the academy renovated school in the late Qing Dynasty.After the Gengzi Incident，The Qing government decided to implement the new policy，The second day of August 27th, 27th，I again promulgated the upper school of changing the school as the school，It is required that the provinces and prefectures and counties to change the primary and secondary schools respectively，Restore the relevant policies of the college restructuring during the Reform period of the Reform Movement。

In view of the real disputes between the college and the school of the court, it is always difficult to conclude，Liu Kunyi re -explained the bet365 best casino games relationship between the two in the "Four Folding Four Folding of the Political Council": "However, the name must be the first name，Three generations are all famous schools ...，Fake names，Phanta Cream Award，No rules，Dynamic incident，It must be called Xue，It is encouraged to encourage people's heart，Remove the habit。If the name of the school is not ancient，It seems that it can be named a variety of schools，Both ancient system，and the name is consistent。"This will shift the discussion of the relationship between the academy and the school name to quote the authenticity of the ancient system，Provides a legitimate basis for the recovery academy's reform school，So as to eliminate the concerns of the court promoting the new school。

Facing the attitude of the observation and visibility of all provinces，October 15，The Qing government has issued an order again to urge the provincial speed office，and the Shandong Academy of Shandong Academy played by Yuan Shikai to pass the provinces。Under the trend of education reform in the country，Jiangsu also fully restore the college's restructuring policy，Keep a key step to abolish local academies。

To sum up，In the late Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu Academy Reconstruction started from the founding of the new school。New School Academy introduced Western Studies Course，Open the atmosphere first。Under the proposal of the Restoration School，The Qing government will push the college to the level of the college，Careful response from Jiangsu，I changed some academies。Facing the failure of the Reform Movement of Wuxi，In order to maintain the achievements that have been obtained，Jiangsu retired and changed the bet365 best casino games school as the academy，Real in the name of the academy in the name of the academy，It has not completely interrupted the college curriculum reform process，thus laid the foundation for the subsequent educational reform。After the start of the new policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty，The Qing government fully restores the college's restructuring policy，Requires all academies to change schools，Jiangsu also joined the national abolition of the national abolition of the academy system。

(Author Unit: College of History of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)