May 19，The opening seminar for the 2022 National Social Science Fund major project "Research on Ecological Environmental Changes and Economic Development in the Core Area of ​​bet365 cricket odds during the Ming and Qing Dynasties" was held at Tsinghua University。The conference invited Li Bozhong, professor of the Department of History at Peking University、Han Maoli, Professor of School of Urban and Environmental Studies, Peking University、Zhao Shiyu, Professor of History Department of Peking University、Liu Zhonghua, researcher at the Institute of History, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences、Gao Chaoqun, a researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and others made comments。

Chief expert of the project、Zhong Weimin, professor of the Department of History, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, introduced the overall structure of the project。He thinks，Regional history research is an important way to deepen the study of Chinese history，The project team is based on summarizing the previous research results on the socio-economic history bet365 cricket odds，Proposed the new concept of "North China Core Area"。This concept will not only make future North China research more focused，And it helps to re-understand North China。The specific scope of the "North China Core Area"，If defined by terrain，The north is bounded by the Yanshan Mountains，The Taihang Mountains are the boundary in the west，The south is bounded by the Huaihe River，The main body is the vast North China Plain；If defined by administrative region，The scope basically includes Beijing City、Tianjin City、Hebei Province、Shandong Province、Henan Province，And Northern Jiangsu、Part of Huaibei。This project plans to conduct research on important economic history issues in the core area of ​​North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Discuss the status bet365 cricket odds’s core area in China’s economic and social development transformation during this period，Provide historical experience and reference for North China’s future development planning and related decisions。Later，Members of this project divide work according to sub-topics，From ecological environment changes、Land and People、Crops and Agricultural Ecology、Urban and rural structural system、Five aspects of economic and social structure，Introduced the basic content of the project。The review experts spoke highly of the research idea of ​​this project，Considers that this research is highly consistent with the current national policy of coordinated development in North China，Has high academic value。The participating scholars held a full discussion on how to deepen the research on regional history bet365 cricket odds。

"Ecological environment" and "economic development" are the core research contents of this project。Experts attending the meeting think，The ecological changes and economic structural changes in the core area of ​​North China cannot be analyzed in isolation，But we should pay attention to the mutual influence between the two。Han Maoli said，Human economic activities are both destructive and constructive to the ecological environment，We must look at this issue scientifically。She particularly emphasized the key influence of the Yellow River on the economic development bet365 cricket odds，The several changes in the course of the Yellow River in history directly led to changes in the economic status bet365 cricket odds，During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Yellow River diverted the Huaihe River into the sea，In fact, it provides opportunities for the economic development bet365 cricket odds。Zhao Shiyu thinks，North China has a long history of agricultural development，During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were several problems left over from the previous dynasty in North China。Therefore，It is necessary to examine the ecological changes and economic development in North China from a longer perspective。Liu Zhonghua advocates，People should be regarded as part of the ecological environment，The production methods bet365 cricket odds society in Ming and Qing Dynasties、Economic system、Technological innovation and other issues need to be carefully investigated。In addition，How did people understand the ecological environment and social and economic development bet365 cricket odds during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Also worthy of attention。

Experts attending the meeting emphasized，As a regional history study，Refining the regional characteristics of the core area of ​​North China should be the ultimate purpose of this study。Li Bozhong suggested a macro analysis of population changes in North China，Believe that towns in North China do not have as close economic ties as those in Jiangnan，Its uniqueness lies in the high degree of social and cultural integration。North China experienced frequent population migration during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties，Different ethnic groups coexist in North China，Gradually creating cultural identity，Formed the regional characteristics of cultural unity and economic dispersion in North China，The contradiction between the two is a phenomenon worthy of special attention。Han Maoli thinks，The regional delineation of this study is based on science，By comparing the natural environmental conditions and economic development processes in North China and Jiangnan，We should consider why North China’s former economic center of gravity was replaced by Jiangnan。Zhao Shiyu said，Japanese scholar Shiba Yoshinobu’s research on the economic history of Jiangnan in the Song Dynasty provides a good model for this project，The project team should learn from the academic research methods of overall history，Carry out macro or meso regional economic history research，A relatively macroscopic new understanding based on case analysis。Gao Chaoqun thinks，Not only must we refine the overall characteristics bet365 cricket odds，And it is necessary to distinguish the sub-regions within North China，Pay attention to the relationship between sub-regions。

Experts attending the meeting think，We must pay attention to the impact of political factors on the core area of ​​North China。Li Bozhong emphasized，Beijing is the most core area in the "North China Core Area"，Should be the key to research。Zhao Shiyu pointed out，The reason why North China has become the core area，Inseparable from Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties；Beijing as the political center，Has a strong radiation effect on surrounding areas，Most surrounding areas have the distinctive feature of serving Beijing。Gao Chaoqun starts from the perspective of economic function，Believe that North China is the political center，Also shoulders the heavy responsibility of border defense，Therefore, a large amount of wealth in the country was concentrated and consumed，This is one of the basic regional characteristics bet365 cricket odds，It is also the difference between North China and Jiangnan and other regions。Liu Zhonghua thinks，We must pay attention to the relationship between North China and the national political life during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Exploring changes in ecological environment、The deep connection between economic activities and national politics。

Changes and continuity in the core area of ​​North China in the context of ecological environment changes and economic development，Also an important issue。Li Bozhong pointed out，Great changes took place in North China during the late Qing Dynasty，In Economics、Many unprecedented new factors have emerged in society and politics。Han Maoli thinks，The intervention of Western forces and the development of new industries in the late Qing Dynasty，It has had a certain impact on the economic development bet365 cricket odds，Thus deepening North China and Jiangnan、The economic gap between the coast and the interior。Zhao Shiyu thinks，Compared to many areas，During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the North China Plain was relatively stable in terms of changes in the ecological environment and intensity of development。Liu Zhonghua also emphasized the stability of the ecological environment in North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，And believe that this stability is likely to be projected onto the political development of the region、Economic system and culture、Social structural level。Gao Chaoqun thinks，We should pay attention to the changes and continuity in North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Taking the core area of ​​North China as the main body，From the perspective of regional characteristics，Grasp the phased characteristics of changes in this region。

The participating experts also made several specific suggestions for the research team of the project。Li Bozhong pointed out，The project team needs to further clarify the time limit，Consider whether to include the late Qing Dynasty into the scope of research。If the late Qing Dynasty is included in this study，You need to integrate、Research ideas that run through the two parts from the Ming Dynasty to the early middle and early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty。Zhao Shiyu thinks，The concept of "North China Core Area" still needs to be repeatedly scrutinized，Special consideration should be given to its relationship with Shanxi。He also said，Each sub-topic should be carried out closely around the "North China Core Area"，Cannot clearly focus on research on a single province or city，To avoid conflicts in research objects。In addition，The project team is developing urban and rural structure、When studying special topics such as economy and social structure，The scope of research should be appropriately narrowed，Make research content more specific，Thus improving the operability of the project。Liu Zhonghua thinks，Technical factors should be included in the research perspective，For example, agricultural farming technology、Water conservancy technology, etc.，To show the technological development context bet365 cricket odds、Man’s transformation and construction of the natural environment。Superior suggestions，In addition to focusing on agriculture in North China、Excluding land and other issues，It is also necessary to pay due attention to the development of the handicraft industry。

This opening seminar not only demonstrates the new direction and perspective of research on regional history in North China，It also provides a feasible path for further deepening the research on regional history bet365 cricket odds。The project team carefully listened to the suggestions from experts and scholars，And conducted internal discussions after the meeting，Further clarified the research direction of the project，Making appropriate adjustments to some specific issues。

(Author’s affiliation: Department of bet365 cricket odds, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University)