22 years of Kangxi (1683)，For martial arts、Fusui Mongolia，The Qing Dynasty set up a Mulan Piece in the Manchu Mongolian Autonomous County of Chengde City, Hebei Province.。42 years of Kangxi，Beautiful scenery again、The River Construction Palace with rich water source，As a place to rest on the way from Beijing Division to Magnolia Wing Field，Kangxi 47 years Basically built，Since then, there have been expansion。Kangxi 50 years，Emperor Emperor Kangxi's inscription，Reheixing Palace is called "Summer Hill"。Summer Shelter "Time to Tour、Lin Chao Listening to the Political House "，"Stack of stone"，Add，Such as the Forbidden City System "，Become the Second Political Center in the Qing Dynasty。In addition，Regulations of the siege system of the Qing Dynasty，Live in the west、The ethnic minority princes in the northern region，To go to Magnolia Petchase regularly，Seeing the emperor in the summer village。All the above，promoted the integration and development of the Chinese nation in the early Qing Dynasty。

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As early as the first year of Chongde (1636)，Inner Mongolia 16 49 Baylor has attached to the Qing regime。Since then，Haoziti Ministry of Mongolia Mongolia、Sonit Department、Aba Kaga、Wuzhuqin's Ministry has returned to Inner Mongolia; Kalka Right Wing、Abahananal also moved from Mongolia Mongolia。Thirteen years of Shunzhi (1656)，Emperor Shunzhi sent officers to comfort the princes of Inner Mongolia，Each gives satin is rang，Emphasizing "China's family is the emperor，Er and other worlds are kings，Enjoy the rich and expensive，Dynamic Fang Name of Immortal "。The relationship between the Qing government and the prince of Inner Mongolia is further close。

Outer Mongolia is divided into Tu Xietu Khan Department、Zasak Tuhan Department、Chechen Khan Department，Another Saiyin Nuo Yan Ministry。Kangxi 27th Spring，Eruz Mongolia Junggar Ministry Gardan Giver enters Foreign Mongolia，Outer Mongolia is lost，Each rate belongs to the subordinates，The government of the Qing government is loaded with rice food，Give the Emperor Land。30 years of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi held the League in Duolun, Inner Mongolia，Outer Mongolia ministers are officially attached to the Qing Dynasty，Remove the old name，Keep the sweat number，Give Princes to Fu Guogong and other jones，Flag 49 with Inner Mongolia，According to grade，Cong You En、Silver coins and other things。36 years of Kangxi，Gardan's illness，Shuo Mo Ping，Outer Mongolia Ministry also belongs to the old animal husbandry。Emperor Kangxi said: "In the past of Qinxing Tushi，Building the Great Wall。I am grace to Khalka，Precautions for it，The Great Wall is stronger。”

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty，Simon is also known as Erut、Wei Lat，Divided into harmony、Lenggar、Dolbert、Turkut Four。The power of the Ministry of Junggar is getting stronger，Its leader of Baturo Tai Ji "Qi Qiang，Instead of the guards Latt "。The leader of the Turkut Department and the Orlec are unbearable，Tunmu Er Jiller River "，Tunmu Er Jiller River "。Gu Shihan, the Ministry of Waguan Special Department，Leading the headquarters to Qinghai and controlled Tibet。Dolbert Department is attached to the Ministry of Junggar。The Junggar Ministry was in the period of Davidi，Inskachines are still，"production Bet365 app download waste，Except for old and young women，Each Wulu Si Wasteless Smoke "，"All Ministrys of the Ministry of Silent Lost"，Many sealing lords and their ministry moved east，Investment to the government。In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750) September，Junggar Zaisang Salal led more than 1,000 households to return to the Qing government，Put in Chahar nomads。Eighteen of Qianlong，Durbert's Department of Taiwan Jijun、Che Lingwush and Che Lingmont (historically called "three car Ling") lead more than 3100 households、More than 10,000 people invested in the Qing government，It was placed in the place of Zac Bayerchler, Zac Bayrikkler, Basin Basin。Since then，Sanxian Ling has successively moved to Ejzius、Wuliang Sea and Wulan Ancient Wood Belt。Qianlong thirty -six years，The Turk Special Department of the former migrant in the Volga River Basin returns to the motherland，It was arranged by the Qing government in Yili、Talbhatai、Nomad near Kobdo。

Qinghai Mongolia and the Qing government close relations。November 36th in Kangxi，Heshuo Special Dadhbatur enters，Emperor Kangxi gave a banquet at the palace，Give the official uniform、Chaozhu。The first month of the year，Emperor Kangxi awarded the seal of Dashbatu as Prince of Hedu。Emperor Kangxi Tour Wutai Mountain，Dashbatul and other。After Dashbatul，Many Mongolian aristocrats in Qinghai have also been sealed by the Qing government。42 years of Kangxi，The Qing government Feng and Shuotaitai Jicatewwon Labutan was King of Doro County，Junggar Terrace Bottezal is Dorobel。Since then，Emperor Kangxi attached to the Terrace of Qinghai with the first of the Qinghai Bubu，诏 Domorberg; Dashtopo、Dunk Budash and Galdush、Sono Midash、Che Ling、Lochab, etc. is the auxiliary country。

Uyghur people living south of Tianshan, Xinjiang also have a close relationship with the Qing government。35 years of Kangxi，Hambek Elder Bedura belongs to the Qing government，Deded as a first -class Zasak。Yongzheng ten years，Turpan Ermins and Zhuo were named Fu Guogong。Twenty -four years of Qianlong，size and Zhuo rebellion are settled，Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang，Manage the Uyghur people with the Berke system。Qianlong 20 years，Kuka Uyghur Hubei、Ushviwei's human color Tip Alles，In the 24th year of Qianlong, Ren Yeerqi、Aksu Achi Burke; Another Hoji，阗 阗 Aqimu Burke。The place where the Qing government appointed Berke was also Wush、Kuka、Kashgarar、Karashar and other places。

The relationship between the Qing government and Tibet，It has begun as early as outside the Guanwai period。Chongde four years in October，Huang Taiji dispatched Cha Lama to Tibet，Indicates "Extending Monk，Propagation Buddhism，Wishness of Benefits for Benefits。Shunzhi Nine years (1652)，Fifth Dalai Lama arrived in Beijing，Emperor Shunzhi gave grand courtesy。When the Dalai Lama returns to Tibet，Qing government 赉 Getting gold printing gold print，Fengwu Dalai Lama is "Xitian Dashan's self -proclaimed Buddhist in the Buddha's interpretation of ordinary tile Chira Lama Lama"，At the same time, the minister is sent to bring gold printed，Book Gu Shiyu is "Following Wen Min Hui Gu Shi Khan"。52 years of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi Emperor Xunfu 5th Panchen Er Er Book Seal the name。56 years of Kangxi，Er Rat Mongolia's Junggar Ministry of the Mongolia Story Alabutan dispatched a big strategy Lingtun Dubu led 6,000 to attack Tibet，Destroy the Buddhist temple，Burning and robbing，Bring a serious disaster to Tibetan society。The Bet365 lotto review Qing government is to maintain national unity，Stable Tibetan situation，57th year in Kangxi、Fifty -nine years have sent troops to Tibet twice，Finally expelled Junjun、Restore Lhasa。60 years of Kangxi，The Qing government seal Kangji、Albba is Gu Mountain Belok，Longbuna is the auxiliary country，Tibetan affairs，Po Luo is a first -class Taisak，Tibetan affairs，each grant Karbulun。

Qianlong forty -one years，The Qing government settled the chaos of the size of the Golden Chuan，Show "Huai Rou's Far Service Excellence and Adverse You"，strengthened the contact of the Jinchuan Tusi with the size of the size。

The surrounding class system of the Qianlong period stipulates that the princes of the Inner Mongolia ministry without acne、Sichuan tribal toast, etc.，Divided into 3 classes; Turkut, which belongs to Yili，Cobdo belongs to Durbert、Altai Wulianghai，Tang Nuwu Lianghai, which belongs to Uliya Sutai，Qinghai Mongolia，Divided into 4 classes; King of Mongolia，Turkut and Xinjiang Berke, etc.，Divided into 6 classes; Tibet Dalai Lama、Panchen Erdene Messenger once the following year，Belle Po Luo, etc.。Go to Magnolia with the annual rotation，Go to the Summer Village Chao。This further consolidates the close relationship between the Qing government and various ethnic groups。

　The Summer Hill Hill Horiko becomes the place where the Chinese nation will gather

Emperor Qianlong went to Magnolia Petchase to hunt and exercise the army，Sees Manchus Minister in the Summer Dragon Villa many times、Mongolian Prince、Uyghur Berk、Sichuan toast、The leader of the alpine tribe in Taiwan and the Tibetan Buddhist living Buddha，Make the Summer Following Villa a place for the Chinese National Conference。Qianlong 45th year July，Emperor Qianlong is in the Summer Summer Wanshu Garden Big Times，Given Panchen Erdnes and Cong Cong Wang Gong Minister，Mongolian Prince、Baylor，Prince Durbert Lingwushi，Turkitel Belok Shara Ken Ken，Back to the Ministry of Aqimu Burk，Jinchuan Muiping Xuanwu Sijiale Chan Kang and other 44 people feasts，Reward Gold and Silver Saton。When Emperor Qianlong met Panchen，Use Tibetan language to communicate with it，Panchen also contributed to Emperor Qianlong for the Tibetan -style items for a life gift。July of the 55th year of Qianlong，Emperor Qianlong summoned Turkut Khan Calle Ling Namler、Dolbert Doro County King Nawango Nuo Mu、Waitor Dorodorbeldlek Ubash、Altai Wuliang Sea Sanjian Minister Buyandlek、Hami County Wangpin -level Dorbelle Eje Tisl and each return to the city Achiguk，Taiwan's "Shengfan" lead，Give food and rare each other。To celebrate the 80th birthday，Emperor Qianlong is still in the Temple of Jingcheng，Gift to the Minister of the Prince，Mongolian Prince，Back to the prince、Berke，Jinchuan Tusi，Taiwan "Shengfan" and other feasts，Reward the crown service at the banquet、Gold and Silver、Saton Po Wait。

What should be emphasized in particular is，Emperor Qianlong summoned and banquet Taiwan's alpine leaders at the summer villa。The Takayama clan is a minority living in Taiwan in my country，It is an inseparable part of the unified multi -ethnic family in my country，The Qing Dynasty was called "Fan" or "Shengfan"。Qianlong's 55th year is Emperor Qianlong's 80th birthday，The Qing government will hold a grand celebration。Taiwan Takayama Lion and other communities and other communities.，Bring camphor、Oolong tea and other tribute，Arrive at the heat river in early July。On the 9th of July，Emperor Qianlong summoned Bet365 lotto review the "Shengfan" leader of Taiwan's "Shengfan" leader in the Summer Summer in the Summer Summer，Also summoned together with Turkut Khan Ce Ling Nama Zhaler、Dolbert Doro County King Nawango Nuo Mu、Waitor Dorodorbeldlek Ubash、Altai Wuliang Sea Sanjian Minister Buyandlek and other 4 people，Hami County Wangpin -class Dorbelle Ecular Teldel and each return to the city Achigmuk and other 17 people。Emperor Qianlong also followed the king、Baylor、Minister，Mongolian King、Belle and other food，Also appreciate。July 11、14th、16th、19th，Emperor Qianlong is in the rolling A Shengjing、澹 纳，5 people including Kazakhstan and the younger brother of Zhuo Laqi，Tongxi Congwang、Baylor、Minister，Mongolian King、Belle, etc.，Back to the prince、Berke，Taiwan "Shengfan" and other food、Give feast。Emperor Qianlong summoned the summer villa to meet and banquet Taiwan's alpine people Huaihuai and other lines，It has important significance。One，The tribute of the leader of the Gaoshan tribe，There are local camphor and oolong tea with local specialties in Taiwan，and their decoration is a typical alpine characteristics，This is to a certain extent with the Han nationality、Manchu、Mongolian、Tibetan、The Uyghur people have made an economy、Cultural and other communication。Its two，Emperor Qianlong summon、Banquets and rewards Takayama Leaders，It is performed with other ethnic minorities.。This indicates，Gaoshan people are an important part of my country's multi -ethnic countries，and Han nationality、Manchu、Mongolian、Tibetan、The same Uyghur people，All important members of the Chinese nation family。Its three，The leaders of the Gaoshan tribe from the southeast of the motherland, Taiwan, Taiwan is not afraid of hardship，Come to the Cyclide Plateau in the north，It also shows that the hearts of the people of the Takayama people to the central regime、The strong desire for the unity of the country。

　Qingdi Beiqian promoted the integration of the Chinese nation

The Emperor Beibei Magnolia Pymalisia and the Activity in the Summer Hill，promoted the integration of the Chinese nation in the early Qing Dynasty。First, the fusion of the Manchu and Mongolian people。The founder of the Qing Dynasty Nurhachi once said: "Manchuria Mongolia，Different language，Food and clothing living，None differences "，This reflects the close relationship between the Manchu and the Mongolian people。After entering the Qing Dynasty，Full Mongolian marriage is constantly，Including the Manchu aristocracy chose the concubine from the Mongolian family，and the Manchu aristocracy marry the princess Gege to the prince of Mongolia。This aspect has made many Mongolian women enter the court and Manchu Wangfu，On the other hand, many Manchu aristocracy, including royal women, came to Mongolian grassland。Kangxi、During the Qianlong period，Full Mongolian marriage has new development。According to statistics，55 Mongolian Mongolian in the Kangxi dynasty，The Qianlong Dynasty had 176 Mongolian Mongolian，This means in Kanggan Two Dynasties，The Manchu aristocracy has 231 princesses marrying to various departments of Mongolia。Emperor Kangxi、Emperor Qianlong every time North hunt，Mongolian princesses and foreheads who have married Mongolia have come to ask for、Worship。For example, Emperor Kangxi Emperor 18th Beihuangzhong，There is Princess Hisuo Duanmin、Princess of Wushuo Duanjing、Princess of Heshuo Pure Xi、Gu Lun Shuhui Princess、Princess and Shuo Rongxian Please An，and Korqin and Prince bet365 best casino games of Shundalham No. 1、Balin and Shuo Er Wuer、Corin Daham Hantu Prince Xietu Er Shajin came to the DPRK，Emperor Kangxi appreciated the silver coin、、saddle horse。Obviously，The Emperor Beihuang of the Qing Dynasty further promoted the integration between the Manchu and the Mongolian people，and deepen this fusion。According to the "Example of the Fan Fan Yuan"，Kerqin Mongolian flags with princess descendants、2,000 people in the in -laws of the in -laws，More than 170 princess descendants of Barin，More than 600 people of the princess of Aohan King。This shows the degree of integration of the two nations in the blood relationship。

The second is the fusion of the Mongolian and Han nationality。There are many Han people in Mongolia，This is a Buddhist with the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.、Fusui Mongolia、Implementation related to Mongolia Marriage，Fundamental is the expansion of the Qing Emperor's event in the summer villa.。The first is the spread of Tibetan Buddhism。Because the Qing government used Tibetan Buddhism to strengthen the rule of Mongolia，There are many temples built in Mongolia，Most of the craftsmen built temples come from Hebei、Shanxi、Bankruptcy farmers in Shaanxi，They slowly settle in Mongolia。The second is the Qing government for Huairou Mongolia，In response to the king of Mongolia, the Han people are allowed to allow the Han people to go to the Mongolian area。July of the 30th year of Kangxi，Kalka Mongolian Tu Xietu Khan played，Speaking and "The Land of the Crisine Cream，Work hard to spring plow，Breakimonic Dayak "。So，Emperor Kangxi shows: "In the coming spring，A member of the Lisa House of the Lifan Courtyard，Refers to the place where the paste，Let it plant。"April 37th in Kangxi, "Li Fanyuan Council: Prince Wu Zhu Mu Qin Dengtun Dun Dujun Kun Kelle and Shuo and other places，Given the food to the Yiyi to cultivate，It should be requested。"Emperor Kangxi showed:" Everything is stagnant in the Lifan Hospital，This farming relationship Mongolian people livelihood，If you do not send it quickly，When the cream is lost，Quickly sent officials as soon as possible。"" Not only that，Emperor Kangxi also sent officials to Aohan、Neman、Balin and other departments of professors to farm，and show: "Aohan and Naiman's ministry，Tian soil is very good，Baigu can species。If you get a lot of germ, you get more，The people who have no place to farm around Xing'an Ridge，Just trade 籴，No need to enter the side city of Miyu。Its place to the cause of the cause，Not Wrangler。Never reclaimed farmer，The place where the grass and trees are left today for the pastoral land，It is not possible to have it from two。And Aohan、Neman Mongolia use fishing as the industry，Teach it with water irrigation field，Bi Yi Yi Cong。Anyone who is beneficial to Mongolia，and Wang、Taiji Merchants，Send officials to teach。"is exactly at the permission of the Qing government，Han people from all parts of the Mainland go outside。46 years of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi's north hunting passing the Karaqin Three Banner once said: "，See Shandong people everywhere，Orientation or business，or Litian，to hundreds of thousands of people。"Kangxi fifty year，He also said, "People in Shandong people have more than 100,000 people who have reclaimed out of their mouths。"The third is because of the full marriage，The Manchu Royal Female Married to the Mongolian Grassland，Many craftsmen brought away、Make women and various people，Among them, most of the artisans are Han nationality。After they bet365 Play online games arrived in Mongolia，I will contact more Mongolians，This expands the integration of the two nations of Mongolia and Han。This expands the integration of the two nations of Mongolia and Han，"Yi Meng nationality，Xi Mongolian，Mongolian Vulgar，Entry Mongolia，Marry a Mongolian Woman "，Completely integrated with the Mongolian Labor People。Similarly，Mongolians also "from reward and gradually get married，By Xi Text because of language "，Serving living，It is no different from the people in the Mainland，Promoting the integration of the two ethnic groups of Mongolia and the Han nationality。

Third is the integration of the Chinese nation in cultural aspects。This can be reflected from Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong in Chengde (commonly known as eight temples) in Chengde。52 years of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi 60 -year -old Shouchen，The princes of the Mongolian Ministry pursue Chaogong，Expressing Jianyongyu as the emperor's blessing。Emperor Kangxi readily grace，Building Yuren Temple。Temple forehead "Yuren Temple" is both full、Han、Mongolian text。Qianlong 20 years，Pingzhi Dawaqi internal chaos，The four leaders of Erutong Mongolia came to avoid the summer villa.。Emperor Qianlong commemorate this incident，According to the form of the Sanmeer Temple in Tibet，Puning Temple。There are 3 monuments in Ping Temple，The inscriptions are full、Han、Mongolia、Tibetan four -body text writing。Twenty -nine years of Qianlong，In order to appease the migration of the Dashida Department of the Galm Mongolia，，Commonly known as Yili Temple。Qianlong thirty -one year，Build Pale Temple。Because of the every year the village autumn tour，There are so many people in the internal and external Zasak，and the newly attached Durbert and left and right Kazakh、East and West Brurt，Also come to admire。So，Emperor Qianlong received them with Pule Temple with magnificent architectural arts，Make them feel like in their hometown。Qianlong thirty -six years，The Temple of Putuo Zongcheng was built，Commonly known as Little Potala Palace，is the largest Tibetan temple building complex in the eight temples。Qianlong forty -five years，Emperor Qianlong's 70th birthday，Sixth Panchen Chan to come to the summer villa to give birth to Emperor Qianlong，To build this Temple of Sumiye Shou，Commonly known as Palace Palace，This temple concentrated reflects the architectural style of the combination of Han and Tibet。These temples above，Both fuse Han、full、Mongolia、The architectural style of the Tibetan nation，reflects the integration and development of the Chinese nation in cultural aspects。

　The development of the Chinese nation and the development of economic and cultural development

The integration of the Chinese nation in the early Qing Dynasty promoted the development of economic and culture of Mongolia。First of all, the development of the economy，In terms of animal andten，The number of livestock has increased significantly。44 years of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi once said: "Outside the crowd，See the livestock diffuse the valley，Eight days of Langxing，Utah is endless。"Qianlong 58 years，Li Fanyuan Performance: Kerqin、Karaqin、Tumo -、Xilingule League 孳 孳，Thousands of reproduction over the years。The Qing government decided to reward the Elder Niu 331 to the Turkom Berli Banner; 10,000 Malaysias to Kerqin 10 Banner，1000 horses per flag; Karaqin、Tumo -、10 flags such as Xilingule League，700 hp per flag。The production technology and management of animal husbandry have also improved。There is a well in the pastoral area，The livestock shed bet365 best casino games circle，Federation that has been stored in winter，Start feeding new livestock donkeys and mules。In terms of agriculture，Special farming areas have appeared in Inner Mongolia，Many Mongolians abandon herds and farmers。During the Kangxi period，Some places in Karaqin Mongolia "Building the field，Fireworks Follow "。July of the 30th year of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi's patrol outside，Many Mongolians can be seen along the way，Entering farming，After the scene of also operating the animal husbandry industry，Speaking to the attendants: "Agricultural non -Mongolian industry，For a long time on weekdays，At most Yishan as the field，That is, after sowing, they are grazing four，Autumn getting return。”

Followed by the development of culture。This is related to some measures taken by the Qing government。Qianlong's forty -one summer，Summer Villa in the Summer Following Summer Villa，The Ministry of Rites Shangshu Cao Xiu Xian Cong，Emperor Qianlong summoned for a few days，Talk about timely politics。Cao Xiu first proposed that Rehe should be promoted to school，To create scholars，Emperor Qianlong thought it was right。Autumn of that year，Show setting up a school in Rehe，and relax the restrictions on the staff。After the school is established，Start taking materials again，According to relevant regulations，Create a Wen Temple，In the 44th year of Qianlong, it was completed。May 18，Emperor Qianlong went to the new Wen Temple of the Rehere to give gifts，Twenty -four days，Go to the Temple Temple to release the gift，And the Royal "Rehe Wen Temple Monument"，Tell the school、The process of Jianwen Temple。Two years of the establishment of Rehe School，There are more than 50 people，In the forty -two years of Qianlong, Chinese one person。June 44th year of Qianlong，Ceremony，Chengde Mansion Cultural Temple，Please follow the examples of provincial schools，Two names for a wide range。September of the 47th year of Qianlong，The Qing government decided，Reconstruction Wenlan Pavilion，Set up Siku full book。To the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806)，Emperor Jiaqing in Rehe，See the number of people who drove the students，The Minister of Military Affairs found that the real number of members of the government has reached more than 400。Emperor Jiaqing is shown in the same amount in the inheritance number，Two names for a wide range，Three names of each of the trials of each hometown。In short，Rehery school、Jianwen Temple，Awarding the full book of the four storage，Promoting the development of culture in the Rehe region。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、External experts of the National Qing History Editorial Committee)