Hou Wailu (1903-1987)，Shanxi Pingyaoren，Famous historian、thinker、Educator，Edited "Chinese Thought History", "Ancient Chinese Social History Theory", "Theory of Chinese feudal Social History", etc.。He always insisted on using Marxism's position、Viewpoint and Method Study Chinese History，Dedicated to the Sinicization of Marxism，The establishment and development of Chinese Marxist history，Especially the construction of Chinese Marxist ideological history school，Make a lot of pioneering contributions。He and Guo Moruo、Lu Zhenyu、Fan Wenlan、翦 翦 翦，Known as "Marxist History Five people" by the academic community。He studied the history of Chinese social and thought under the guidance of the historical view of materialism，It has formed a unique path and characteristics of studying Chinese history，Established a model for the later parties to use Marxism to study Chinese history。

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Since the 1920s，Hou Waulu under the influence of Li Dazhao，Books of Buhalin's view of materialist history by reading，Gradually accept Marxism，and determined to use the translation of "Capital" as the starting point，Believe in truly establishing a Marxist worldview and belief in the inevitable laws of historical development。1927，He goes to France to study，Reading "History of the theory of Residual Value" and other works，I listened to the material view of the materialist history taught by Borgley，Concentrated translation of "Capital Theory"。1936，"Capital Theory" Volume 1 full translation is published in Peiping。Hou Waulu's biggest gain of translation of "Capital Theory" is，The system accepted the historical view of Marxist materialism、Social forms and Asian production methods and other theories，Late the foundation of Marxist theory for later studying Chinese history。

After the failure of the Great Revolution，Chinese ideological and cultural circles starts on issues such as Chinese social nature，To answer the practical question of "Where is China Going"。Guo Moruo's "Ancient Chinese Social Research" introduced the basic principles of materialist history into ancient Chinese society research，Prove the universal significance of Marxism about the general laws of human social history，It has a profound impact on Hou Waulu's "explaining the history and ideological history and ideological history of Chinese social history with Marxism"。

Hou Waulu's outstanding feature of studying Chinese bet365 live casino games history is，Consciously implement the theoretical methods learned from classic works such as "Capital" to the specific issues of exploring Chinese history，to form a unique path of governing history。He concluded: "According to Marxism's theory and method，Especially its political economy theory and method，Explain that different socio -economic forms occur in history、The process of development and decline; the production method of material life restricts the entire social life、The process of political life and spiritual life; and economic foundation and upper -level buildings、Dialectical relationship between ideology，It is my study of Chinese social history for 50 years、The basic principles and basic methods of the history of thought。”

Under the guidance of Marxist Material History，Hou Waulu insists on studying the history of social history and thoughts、Combined，Explain the history of thought with the premise of social history，This is one of his important features of his Chinese historical research path。His social history research focuses on social and economic forms，The basic path to study the social and economic form is，Changes in the dominance of production methods caused by the special combination of productivity and production relations，To determine the social form of an era、Social nature，Then study the historical characteristics of this period。When he studied slave society in "The theory of ancient Chinese society"，Always insist on figure out the basic principles of the "Asian production method" theory in Marx's works and the combination of Marxism about the laws of ancient development with the vastness of ancient China。His research on feudal society，Emphasize the sign of the use of niche as a sign that determines the historical installment，Because of confirming that the slave's socio -economic composition was replaced by the feudal socio -economic composition, it was used as a sign of the feudal codes.。

The prominent feature of Hou Wailu studying the history of Chinese thought is，Based on the study of history history on the basis of social history research，Interpretation of social history of the evolution of thought history。He pays attention to examining the connection between each ideological doctrine and the historical era，On the basis of social history research、Understanding Times Features，Efforts to explore the interaction between social and historical evolution and the development of social thoughts，​​Pay attention to the study of the evolution of the source of thought。He emphasizes the dialectical relationship of the evolution of social economic development and the evolution of ideological history。The development bet365 Play online games of socio -economic development, the development and change of the dominance，But the consciousness itself is relatively independent，This independence concentration is reflected in the inheritance of thought，Ideological consciousness also has a certain reaction to society。Examine the alternation of the new and old concepts in the history of ideas，The key is to analyze the actual ideological content of the thinker under different historical conditions，Deep understanding of the twists and turns of ideological development。Early analysis of thinkers、The development process of mid -term and late thought and their class position、The contradiction between political views and ideological content，The thought of the thinker exists ideal and reality、The contradiction between words and substantial content，Words often cover up the real content of thought。

It is because Hou Waulu fully realized that the theory and method of Marxism historical science is the golden key to study the history of the Chinese nation，At the same time, he discovered that there is "the biggest weakness" in social history theory and war，It is the basic theoretical cultivation of many participants who lack Marxism，So he often warns scholars to improve "theoretical cultivation"，"Master the theory and method of observing problems from the original work of classic works"。

　Summarize China's historical development laws and characteristics

The attitude of treating Marxist theory for some participants during the period of social history theory "formulating"，Hou Waulu pointed out，It must overcome this wrong attitude。On the one hand，He emphasized that research history should start from actual，Master information，But you can't forget principles、Law，"Between the correct theoretical guidance"，Just "out of the right direction"，So he pointed out "Do not re -study historical materialism，Do not pay attention to studying political economics，and thus pay attention to studying the history of socio -economic history，History and science cannot develop forward "。On the other hand，He thinks，Marx、The theory founded by Engels provided "Golden Key" for Chinese historical research，But you can't move a hard suit，Because of Marx、Engels mainly uses Western European history as the basis for discussion，So the classic theory needs to continue to be extended and developed in China。Hou Waulu proposed，is "Preventing the basic principles of Marxism and the vulgarization of the basic principles of Marxism"，"Nationalization of Marxism History Science" must be realized，It is to do a unified study of China's rich historical materials and Marxist historical sciences on the development of human society，summarize the bet365 live casino games laws and historical characteristics of Chinese social development from it。

Hou Waulu thinks，To avoid empty talk theory，The rich historical materials of China should be used as the basic standing point，Learn from the results of the study，"Strict examination and review of literature"，"Real referring to the truth of the ancients of the ancients in truth"，On the basis of accurate interpretation of historical materials，"Combining Marxism with ancient Chinese historical materials，For a unified study "，Tasks that explore the special laws of Chinese history under the guidance of general laws，"Make classic writers about family、Private property、Research results of issues such as the country，Get extension and development in China "，So as to truly realize the Chineseization of Marxism。Therefore，Hou Waulu make full use of the results of the Octobic texts such as Wang Guowei and others，Research on the interpretation of "Marx's Thought on the Asian Production Method" with the historical materials such as Yin Ruins for research，The path of "the ancient Chinese or rural commune entered the civilized society，Different from the West "This conclusion。Hou Waulu and others in the process of compiling "History of Chinese Thought"，Not only does it adhere to the principle of dialectical relationship between society and social consciousness，Put the thinker and their thoughts in a certain historical scope analysis and research，and read a lot of original materials、Differential authenticity、Determine the era，Errors in the correct text，Even the works that have been left in the hands -on album，Use the book of the fine school as much as possible，Make full use of the unearthed text materials and physical information compiled by the academic community，Note the differences in the meaning of ancient and modern words。

On the basis of the combination of Marxist theory and Chinese rich historical materials，Correctly deal with the relationship between general laws and special laws，That is "the general rules of the development of ancient countries，At the same time, we also need to study the special rules of each type，Only analyze specific things，Only the objective laws of the development of ancient Chinese society "，Another important feature of Houwailu studying China's historical path。In the study of the origin of Chinese civilization and the production method of Asian production methods，Hou Waulu passes through theoretical and historical analysis，It is believed that the ancient and classical ancients of Asia，That is, ancient China and ancient Greece Rome followed "two different paths in the same historical stage"，All belong to the slave social stage of entering a civilized society; the bet365 best casino games difference is，Due to the geographical environment、Religious and other factors，Different paths for Chinese and ancient Greek Rome to enter a civilized society are different，The former forms a mixed family and the country on the basis of the blood bond，The latter is replaced by the country on the basis of private property。The different characteristics of society are also reflected in ideology，As the origin of the ancient Chinese king of China was the origin of ancient Chinese thoughts，The first king ideal of the ancient Chinese sons，This is different from ancient Greece and Rome, which focused on seeking nature.，Xianwang Guan is the unique content of the history of Chinese civilization and Chinese thought。

Hou Waulu pays attention to the nationalization of Marxist historical sciences，Emphasize the unique characteristics and special rules of Chinese history under the guidance of universal laws，Pointing out when Chinese scholars study their own history and culture，Find out your own characteristics，It should not be used in Western historical models to mechanically hardly set Chinese history。This is still an important enlightenment for us to engage in Chinese historical research today。

　　Excavation excellent traditions and combined with actual needs

After the May 4th Movement，The historical world has appeared a blind imitation of foreign formalism，Attempts to change Chinese history in accordance with the Western historical model，Promoting "Full Westernization"，Therefore, it is caught in a mud pit of nation's nihilism。Hou Waulu doesn't take it seriously about this style of learning。

2040s，He wrote in the reprint preface of "The History of the Ancient Chinese Thinking theory": "Chinese scholars have exceeded the stage of simulating Western Europe.，They will use their own language to explain their history and thoughts。In the past, when they told questions, they always took the footprints of Europe, America and Japan when they wrote，but now it is different，They can use new methods on their own soil，Digging the cultural tradition of your own nation。"This is not only a goal that Hou Waulu's personal historical research is always pursuing，He strives to be not in the ancients、Not in Europe and the United States，shows a high confidence in the inheritance of Chinese academic development and the inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional culture，and it is a reflection of the development of Chinese Marxist history。In the "Sinicization of Marxism" during the War of Resistance Against Japan，Representatives of Chinese Marxist history gradually get rid of the influence of European centralism，No longer say Greece，They work hard to combine the general principles of the historical view of Marxist materialism bet365 best casino games with Chinese historical data，Creatively study and reveal the characteristics of Chinese history，Discover the excellent traditional culture of China。They not only enrich and develop Marxist theory，And inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture、Enhance national self -confidence，Make a major contribution。

In the 1930s and 1940s, Marxists are still insufficient for thousands of years of historical research in China，Hou Waulu proposed "to accept the fine tradition of ancient Chinese culture in a critical way"。He is precocious through the origin of the origin of Chinese civilization、The ideas of the idea of ​​the first Wang Guan、Analysis of the ideological evolution process of orthodox heresy struggle，Not only shows the characteristics of Chinese history different from the West，And under the guidance of Marxism，Resolutely criticize the autocratic system and idealistic theology of Chinese traditions。He pays special attention to discovering the fine tradition of materialism and anti -sealing orthodox thoughts，Actively discover freedom of the ancient people、Economic and individual liberation and other positive content，Exccursing a pursuit of science for us、Freedom、Democratic new era scroll。

Hou Waulu preached when writing "The Pursuit of Toughness" in his later years，I have been engaged in Chinese history research for my whole life，Emphasizing the special laws of exploring Chinese history，It is for "the theory and method of using Marxist historical sciences，Summarize China's long and rich historical heritage "。He hosted the writing "History of Chinese Thought"，It is to use Marxism to scientifically summarize the rich ideological and cultural heritage of China。

Hou Waulu study the goal of Chinese history，Except the excellent cultural tradition of the excavation nation，It also emphasizes that it should be combined with the actual reality of the Anti -Japanese War。He never does that kind of study -style academic research that is based on the evidence，Instead of combining the needs of the real revolutionary struggle，Find and demonstrate China's future way out of historical research。He pointed out，"The Great Anti -Japanese War was founded，It is the era of Chinese academic full -time horsepower。Academic research slowly lags behind the Anti -Japanese War military，This is a big regret "，Therefore。Hou Waulu after writing "The History of the Ancient Chinese Thinking Theory"，Under the guidance of Comrade Zhou Enlai，Adjust the plan to study the history of feudal society and the history of medieval thought in order，"According to the needs of the times，Study some issues of modern Chinese history or history bet365 live casino games of modern thought "，Fully realized the close connection between studying modern history and determining the revolutionary mission faced by the semi -colonial and semi -colonial society。

In Chinese historical research for more than 50 years，Hou Waulu emphasized that he should insist on explaining the spirit of the micro -doubt and your self -procurement，Discover the hidden secrets in ancient documents，Follow and solve many arguing problems，After careful thinking, draw conclusions，From the uninhabited cloud。This is the same as the innovation of the academic research mentioned today。At the same time，He also emphasized that academic research must have the courage to self -criticize。Hou Waulu insists on the historical view of materialism，Master the theory from the original original work，Sinicization of Marxism，Pay attention to the collection and interpretation of historical data，Exploring the special laws of Chinese history，Combined with actual needs，The excellent cultural tradition of the excavation nation，Inheritance and development of excellent traditional culture of China。This is currently constructing Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、The historical discipline system of Chinese style school、academic system、The discourse system is highly fit，To promote the modernization of Chinese -style、Construction of modern civilization of the Chinese nation has important revelation meaning。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History of Northwest University)