Since the word "North China" appeared in the late Qing Dynasty，In a long period of time，The discussion of the concept of North China in the historical world is mainly concentrated in the definition of its spatial range。Entering the 21st century，With social history、City History、Research on Rural History and Regional History is continuously deepened，Scholars from the origin of concept、Evolution and the definition of its spatial range，Delivery of the concept of North China to the concept of North China，Introduced discussion。

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The origin of the concept is in the primary position in conceptual history research，Discussion on the concept of North China is no exception。Due to the research perspective、Different research methods and historical materials，Researchers' conclusions also have differences。

Luo Yanwei pays attention to the origin of the concept of North China earlier，After clearing the space of the "North China Region", he pointed out: "It is generally considered，The word "North China" appeared at the end of the 19th century，‘North China’ from English，Although it can be literally translated as ‘North China’，But ‘north China’ has its fixed meaning，That is the North China area，Never mean that it can represent 'northern China'。"" (Luo Yanwei: "Talking about the" North China Region "in modern times"，Zaijiang Pei、Editor -in -chief of Wang Xianming "Research on Social History in North China"，Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House 2005 Edition) Subsequent，Zhang Limin also affirmed the relationship between the word North China and "North China"，He thought of the Chinese journal "North China Monthly News" discovered for the first time in the e -version of Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu and interpreting the first book.，The term "North China" has not become a noun that people recognize and have regional concepts in the middle of the Qing Dynasty，The word "North China" in modern significance first appeared in 1891，"After testing，The first word ‘North China’ was used in existing information，It is a Chinese journal in Beijing in 1891- "North China Monthly" "(Zhang Limin:" North China "Exam，Bet365 lotto review "History Monthly" 2006, No. 4)。

Zhang Limin's point of view has been obtained after the publication，But some scholars put forward different opinions。Yao Yanchao on the basis of searching the full -text database of the late Qing periodical journal，On the one hand, it is determined that the word "the word" North China "will appear until the late 1880s"，Its original meaning is most likely the meaning of the northern part of the Chinese Empire; on the other hand, it is pointed out that its specific space range is "difficult to determine"，The association between the term "North China" that appeared at the time and the concept of "North China" with a modern significance (Yao Yanchao: The evolution of the concept of "Modern" North China "and the cognition of the times — to the time -so Examination with newspapers and magazines "，"Fujian Forum", No. 4, 2020)。

A few scholars above are concentrated in modern times during the discussion period，Li Dahai、Zhong Weimin、Wang Zhenghua and other scholars will extend the period to the Qing Dynasty and the Ming and Qing dynasties。Li Dahai thinks when inspecting the geographical concept of the "Five Provincials of the North" in the Qing Dynasty，"North China" geographical concept, although there is a appearance、Formed、The evolution process of spreading and recognition，But "not only objectively promoted the death of the concept of the" North Five Provincials "，and eventually become the whole society accepting recognition and in politics、Economy、Geographical concepts widely used in various areas of culture，This cannot be said to be an inevitable of historical development "(Li Dahai:" The Geographical Concept Examination of the "Five Provincials of the North" in the Qing Dynasty "，"Research on Chinese History" 2009, No. 1)。Zhong Weimin and Wang Zhenghua through the derivation of the concept of North China，It is clearly stated that the word "North China" in the ancient literature before the Qing Dynasty did not have a modern significance; overall，The term "North China" was used since the end of the 19th century; the concepts such as "Five Five Provincials (Five Provincial Provinces in the North)" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were extremely important for understanding the concept of North China (Zhong Weimin、Wang Zhenghua: "" North China "as the region: conceptual origin and flow change -" North China "under the vision of socio -economic history in the Ming and Qing dynasties，bet365 Play online games "Tianjin Social Science" 2021, No. 1)。

In short，Historians through their own sorting and research，On the one hand, there is no concept of "North China" in ancient times，"North China" with modern significance first appeared at the end of the 19th century; the other side still had different understanding of the time node of the word "North China"。

　　Evolution of the concept of North China 

The evolution of the so -called concept of North China here，refers to the word "North China" in modern meaning "from blurring to clear after the word" North China "appeared、The process of multi -righteousness to one righteousness。As the meaning of the title of the concept of North China，Historical scholars have also discussed this。

Just see what you see，Early descriptions of the Earlier and Evolution of North China since the 21st century, there are Yu Zixia、Song Enrong、Zhang Limin, etc.。Where，Yu Zixia and Song Enrong during the education of Japanese invasion in Japan，A historical interpretation of the "North China" at that time，Emphasized "North China" as a special name，It is a gathering point for Sino -Japanese relations in the July 7th Incident，A regional concept formed by Japan's implementation of the so -called "North China policy" and solving the so -called "North China problem" (Yu Zixia、Song Enrong: "The Full History of Japanese Invasion Education" Volume 2，People's Education Press 2005 edition，p. 47)。Zhang Limin verified that the time when the term "North China" appeared，Focus on the political environment from home and abroad、The spread of newspapers and periodicals、Use of some areas closely related to the people、Four aspects of the identification of administrative agencies and intellectual circles，Examine the evolution of the concept of North China。He thinks，Under the background of foreign forces gradually penetrated into the background of our country and Chinese people's attention to maintain sovereignty，The term "North China" with the concept of regional concept passes through the media、Association、The spread of multiple paths such as the intellectual industry and the public，Given politics、Economy、Culture、Water conservancy、Geography and other multiple connotations，Settings from local administrative agencies，Vocabulary that is well known and widely used in a space concept; the government establishes an administrative management mechanism named "North China"，It plays a vital role in becoming a regional term for North China。

Bet365 app download Yao Yanchao also pointed out after re -examining the time when the term "North China" occurred.，Before 1931，The most impact on the use of the word "North China" is the sports meeting of various forms，Especially the North China Games、National Games and Far East Games，Among them, the North China Games is held，is the most concentrated time of the word "North China"。After 1931，"North China" concept quickly cools down in the sports industry，Instead of the word "North China", the word "North China" is connected to the Japanese aggression，Frequent、News headlines that appear in major newspapers concentrated。In this process，The meaning of the era of "North China" is prominent，"North China" is widely spread。After the July 7th Incident of 1937，Anti -enemy rescue becomes a will to be consistent with the country，"North China" has a decline in meaning，"It is replaced by the overall crisis of the Chinese nation"。

Zhong Weimin and Wang Zhenghua made further discussions on the basis of the results of the above scholars，​​The concentration of its knowledge is reflected in three aspects。First, the use of the concept of "North China" during the Republic of China not only reflects the game of all parties，and also gradually clear the concept of "North China"，The current official North China concept (including Hebei、Shanxi、Beijing、Tianjin、Inner Mongolia area) is very late (after Shandong was politically and geographically in East China in the 1940s)，and its political significance far exceeds other meanings。Second, in the process of formation and evolution of the concept of "North China" during the Republic of China，Shandong's situation is the most unique，Originally belonged to the North China area，But after several adjustment plan，Finally became part of East China。Third, the historical research named by North China is closely linked to the formation and evolution of the concept of "North China"。

In short，Entering the 21st century，Discussion on the evolution of concept has become an indispensable part of the study of the concept of North China。historians through different discussions，Make it evolved more clearly。

　　Space range in North China 

The definition of the space range is another indispensable component of the concept of North China，It is also a topic that has attracted much attention from scholars。Entering the 21st century，Historians mainly discuss the two aspects of academic exploration and research and practice。

At the level of exploration Bet365 lotto review of academic theory，Most scholars after discussing the origin and evolution of the concept of North China，Putting the foothold on the definition of the space range of North China。Where，Luo Yanwei thinks，North China region refers to north of the Yellow River、South China，East of Guanzhong area，Yellow Sea、Area west of Bohai，Almost included Hebei (Zhili)、Henan、Shandong、Four provinces in Shanxi and some areas in southern Inner Mongolia。Zhang Limin defines the North China region as three provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Jilu and Jin cities、Part of Henan Province and the central and western region of Inner Mongolia (Zhang Limin: "On the Defining and Evolution of Space in North China"，bet365 Play online games "Tianjin Social Science" 2006, No. 5)。Zhong Weimin and Wang Zhenghua think，Define the "North China" scope of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as Zhili、Shandong、Shanxi、Four provinces of Henan (including Beijing)，More in line with historical reality and academic identity。

At the level of research and practice，Scholars mostly follow the concept of "history without fixed law"，Divide the spatial range of the area according to different research objects。After the 1980s，Historian scholars basically accepted Shi Jianya's definition of the space of North China (look at the administrative division，North China includes Hebei、Shandong two provinces，Most areas of Henan Province and Jiangsu、The northern part of the two provinces of Anhui，part of the eastern and Shaanxi Province of Shanxi Province)。Intercourse of the Century，Yuan Shuyi、Qiao Zhiqiang and other scholars also define the space of North China。When the former studies the development of modern North China economic and social development，It is pointed out that North China mainly includes Hebei (including Beijing -Tianjin) Jinlu and Yu and Inner Mongolia.，Think of "Hebei、Lu、Yu has an important position in the entire North China region，and have more geographical、commonality in human factors "，but it does not cover the "community" type of the entire North China，Because they basically just represent the North China Plain area，Shanxi and Inner Mongolia are "belonging to the two other communities, respectively" (Yuan Shuyi、Ren Hengjun、Dong Junglin: "The Troubled Rotary Trail -Research on Economic and Social Development of Modern North China"，People's Publishing House 1997 edition，"Roll First Word" Bet365 app download page 3)。When the latter inspects the changes in the rural social society in modern times，It is believed that the North China region includes Jinji (including Beijing -Tianjin) provinces and Inner Mongolia、Some adjacent areas of Shaanxi，"From the geographical range，It is roughly what we usually call the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River "(Editor -in -chief Qiao Zhiqiang:" Modern North China Rural Social Change "，People's Publishing House 1998 edition，page 24)。2002 "The Modernization of North China City in the 20th Century" published by Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences，quite representing the definition of some scholars at that time on the spatial scope of the North China area。Where，Some scholars regard the four provinces of Jin, Hebei, Luyu and Inner Mongolia as the spatial scope of modern North China，Some scholars use Shi Jianya's definition of the space of North China，There are also scholars who use Shandong Qingdao or Linfen, Shanxi as research objects。After 2010，Fan Rusen is studying in modern North China economic geography，Most of the spatial range of North China is limited to Shanxi、Hebei、Henan、Shandong、All or parts of Jiangsu and other provinces (Fan Rusen: "" Modern Economic Geography of China "Volume 7 (North China and Mongolian Plateau Modern Economic Geography)，East China Normal University Press 2015 edition，pp. 4-5)。Anbao is discussing the changes in North China "not in the landlord" and the changes in rural society，Nearly defined on behalf of North China, it is defined as a two cities in the five provinces of Jin, Hebei, Lu, Shaanxi, and Beijing -Tianjin，"The geographical range is roughly between 30 ° -40 ° north latitude，North and Northeast、Connect in Inner Mongolia，Qinling South、Huaihe River front line，East of the Yellow Sea and Bohai "(Anbao:" Not to the Earth from the Rural: Do not leave the landlord and the country change in the early 20th century "，Shanxi People's Publishing House 2013 edition，p. 32)。In recent years，When Li Lifeng inspects the changes in the land revolution and the changes in North China rural power，Shandong、Hebei and other provinces as spatial scope (Li Lifeng: "Disclosure of Land Reform and Rural Power in North China: Examination of a Political History"，Jiangsu People's Publishing House 2018 edition，Page 1)。Wang Xinghui is discussing the changes in the life of children bet365 live casino games and children in the North China base，Putting Shanxi、Hebei as the main spatial scope (Wang Xinghui: "Research on the Study of the Life of Children and Children in North China"，Jiangsu People's Publishing House 2022 Edition，p. 6-7)。

This can be seen，Different research orientation and research objects，historians' understanding of the spatial scope of North China can be described as different opinions、No sincerity is。In short，Since the 21st century，The study of the concept of North China has made many new progress，But the origin of the concept of North China、Evolution and Space range definition and other issues are far from consensus.，This provides more space for related research。

　　(the author is a researcher at the Institute of History of the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)