Oswald Spengler (Oswald Spengler) was a thinker in the late 19th century and early 20th century。His book "Fall in the West" is brewing during World War I，Published after the war，is a book that deeply wakes up and reflect on Western civilization。In this book, Spengler proposed the theory of cultural morphology，Breaking the Ptolemy System of History，Created a new field of vision that knows the world。After Speram，Civilization as a research unit，Become a historian、Philosopher、Politicians Analysis of the World's New Tools。

　bet365 Play online games

Sperture's historical civilization view has a strong speculative color，He has created a philosophical system called "World Historology"，And arrogantly believes that this is "a kind of philosophy of the future that can be produced in the western soil that can be exhausted in the form of school，One in the backing stage，The only philosophy of psychology of Western Europeans "。Spegg divides the world into "the world of nature" and "the world of history"。In worldview，Sperto is an idealist，The object he studies is not the real world itself，but the form of the world。Both "natural world" or "historical world" are the world of cognitive。In epistemology，Sperter's "Awakening Awareness" understanding is incomplete，Only stay at the level of perceptual perception (understanding)，Lack of science for observation objects、Logic analysis and research。Lack of rationality with Kantby，Lack of practice than him。Spegg believes that the form and reality Bet365 lotto review are the same，He has not forcibly separated the "self" and "phenomenon" like Kant，But he showed that what he knew was form，instead of the world itself，The object of this is that the object of Marx's consciousness and emotional activity is the world itself.。Speger thinks，World History is a systematic expression of the past，is a kind of inner assumption，It is a manifestation that can feel formal abilities。We feel world history，experience world history，I believe that world history can read like a map。but，until today，What we know is only its various forms，instead of its form itself，That is the mirror of our own life。

Sperter's historical philosophy thought is romantic，originated from Ficht's adaptation of Kant Thought。Speger thinks，Real Life、History only knows facts，There is no truth。He replaced the concept of mechanical causality with the concept of "organism"; replaced the concept of historical progress with the concept of growth，A must replace a logic inevitable with an experience。This kind of organic theory and destiny theory based on the philosophy of life，It is non -rational，Eventually, Spengelle was led to mysteriousism and relativism。Spengler claims that his philosophy benefits from Goethe and Nietzsche，In particular, the concept of Fang Cheng and the success of Goethe，Dan's Fang Cheng and the concept of the concept emphasizing the generation of things，Has a simple dialectics vision。Sperture will generate the development process of the civilization of the civilization of the "nature of nature" with the cultural world of "the world of history"，But he believes that the development of culture to civilization will lose Bet365 app download vitality，Stroke。Marx and Engels also applied "generation" and "already" to description of world development，But Marx and Engels will generate and become a visual field of dialectical development。Marx、Engels believes that for dialectical philosophy，Nothing is the end、Absolutely and sacred。It reveals the short -term features inside things and things，In addition to continuous generation and the past process，Except for endless rising from low to advanced，Nothing things can last in the face of dialectics。

　Breaking the attempts and errors of breaking the "Western Central Centers"

Speger thinks，The philosophy of the past almost uses the "natural world" as the object，And he wants to examine "the world of history"，Look at the living world that is used as a carrier。The living world is not unified，Instead, the world's sense of world (mind) is divided into different cultures (forms)，Each culture is self -forming a "world of history"。Sperade observes eight advanced cultural forms in the world: Egyptian culture、Babylon Culture、Indian Culture、Chinese Culture、Classical Culture、Arabic culture、Western culture and Mexican culture。Speger thinks，The history of all human beings does not exist，What exists is only the history of various cultures。He tried to break through the historical writing mode of "European Central Theory"，Writing a world history of a human civilization。Sperthler pointed out，Western traditional historical writing，Always use Western culture as a pole，Other cultures are forced to humble around this rotation，He calls this historical narrative as the Ptolemy system of history。Sperture tried to break this historical bet365 live casino games writing centered on the West，He takes Indian culture、Babylon Culture、Chinese Culture、Arabic culture、Egyptian Culture、Culture such as Mexican culture is regarded as a world scene with the same status as classical culture/Western cultural status，Library of Library written in the world history composed of various cultures，He calls this kind of historical narrative built by culture as the historical field of Copernicus discovery。

Sperter's historical narrative intention breaks through the uniform logic of Western historical compilation，Get rid of the narrative vision of Western central theory，But he intentionally or unintentionally highlight the superiority of Western culture。Spegg believes that the eight advanced culture existing in the world，There are seven kinds of deaths，Only Western culture is in the "Warring States Period" when civilization is expanding，Therefore, Spertile affirmed the rationality of the Empire War of the Western country in the early 20th century，and provide theoretical support for the external expansion of Western countries and other ethnic colonies of Faust -style ethnic colonies。Spegler denies the unity of world history，It advocates that each culture is produced in a unique soil。But he first stipulates that each culture is organic、Destiny，But returned to the unity and regularity of history。Sperto saw the differences and uniqueness of various cultures，But ignores similarity between various cultures。Sperture tries to break through the traditional Western European Center on writing a world history，However。and his historical writing based on cultural soul，Existing a serious philosophy interpretation，The situation of light historical facts。

Sperture's historical Bet365 lotto review civilization view，Especially civilized decline theory，It caused a strong response in the world。According to Sperturel Culture、The theory of organic inevitability and fateful inevitability of the development of civilization，All civilizations will eventually go down。The reason why he put forward the decline of civilization，It is related to the disappointment attitude towards capitalist industrial civilization。Sperthler's entire ideological system is full of resistance to modern civilization，full of pessimistic hue，He emphasized that the current (life) is a more morphological coordinate，The contemporary capitalist world in his eyes is rational、Mechanical、Mechanical，Severe pollution、Severe pollution、Full of war haze。From this he looked back at the tranquility and beauty of the medieval life (cultural stage)，This strong plot of Huaixiang stems from the beautiful imagination of the sense of time of time，But the reality is the kind of oppression and tension that the expansion of the great country expansion。Sperter pointed out when discussing the cause of the First World War.，The final stage of the development of civilization is Caesarism or imperialism，Based on this setting，He explained the inevitability of the outbreak of the First World War (the inevitability of the development of civilization to the expansion of maturity)。He said that the war that is approaching is a huge historical organic body within a fixed limit.。

Civilization really follows the direction of the organic body of Spengelle's life and eventually die? Another cultural form historian Tong Yibi's civilized cycle theory may give the answer。Tong Yibi uses challenges and theoretical theory to explain the bet365 Play online games rise and fall of civilization，He pointed out the origin of civilization、Growth and decline are in the interrelationship between challenges and the war of war，Facing Challenges，The successful civilization of the battle continues，Failure to fight civilization towards decline。The continuous growth of civilization only once from turbulent to balanced limited movement is not enough，To transform this movement into a rhythm of recurring，There must be a "impulse to life"，The impulse of life continues to grow，Promoting the challenge to reach another challenge through the response，Weekly re -start、Yin and Yang alternate，Promote the society to keep moving forward in balance and turbulence。According to Sperter's theory, we find that all the nations (agricultural civilization) that focus on experience (agricultural civilization) is exactly the awareness of the awareness，and the world (industrial civilization) where industrialization and urbanization are developing today (industrial civilization) requires rationality and logic、Computing and laws can build a good order of operation。The human heart may lack the feeling of freedom and growth due to changes in the landscape，But order and rationality are exactly what the world needs today。Human society has developed to a new stage，The creativity of experience must be transformed into a rational creativity in order to better meet the needs of new social development。The world today becomes a whole，In the process of globalization，Mutual interaction between each civilization，Continuously enriching the connotation of civilization。From the perspective of a short period of time，There will Bet365 lotto review be conflicts between each civilization。But human society itself is a community of destiny，Between the continuity of life and the existence of civilization，Human's future civilization form will be respecting each other、New forms of diverse integration。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Culture and Tourism of Liaocheng University)