October 15, 2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his important speech at the symposium on literature and art work: “We must be guided by Marxist literature and art theory，Inherit and innovate the excellent legacy of ancient Chinese literary criticism theory，Critical reference to modern Western literary theory，Polish the ‘sharp tool’ of criticism，Steer the steering wheel of literary criticism，Using history、People’s、bet365 bonus code louisiana、Aesthetic viewpoints of judging and appreciating works，Dare to seek truth from facts in terms of bet365 bonus code louisiana quality and level，To all kinds of bad literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works、Phenomena、Ideological trends dare to express attitudes，Dare to take a stand on major issues of right and wrong，Advocate telling the truth、Be reasonable，Create a good atmosphere for literary criticism。”In this discussion，General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly put forward the "historical" nature of literary criticism、People’s、bet365 bonus code louisiana、Aesthetic “standards”。These standards have always been contained in Marxist literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana thought，General Secretary Xi Jinping extracted them，Enrich and concretize，It is the inheritance of Marxist literary criticism standards，It is also a new development of Marxist literary criticism standards in the specific context of China in the new era，It is necessary to study in depth。

　　Historical bet365 bonus code louisiana

The standards of history first require us to respect history。Respecting history means we must respect facts，Do not distort history。2014，At the ceremony commemorating the 77th anniversary of the outbreak of the nation’s Anti-Japanese War，General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech and pointed out，History is history，Facts are facts，No one can change history and facts。Responsible literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers should dig as much as possible、Close to historical reality，Rather than arbitrarily distorting history、Far from the historical truth。Respecting history also means understanding history from the perspective of historical materialism、Grasp history。“Profoundly grasp the historical laws of human development，Learn wisdom from in-depth thinking about history、Towards the future。"Literature and art while expressing history，We should grasp the development laws of history，Learn lessons from history，Promote the healthy development of society。

In addition to respecting history，Historical standards also require literature and art workers to correctly reflect the times、Leading the times。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the leading role of literature and art，Emphasis on "at every major historical juncture in human development，Literature and art can be the forerunner of the times、A pioneer in society、The beginning of wisdom，Become a leader in changing times and social changes”。Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet，Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers live among the people，With a high sense of responsibility、Sharp perception，Feeling the pulse of the times，And reflect it visually，So as to truly reflect reality、Responsibility to lead the times。"Literary Man、It is impossible for an artist to completely restore the reality of history，But we have the responsibility to tell people the true history，Tell people the most valuable things in history。”That’s the only way，Only in order to create works that are in line with the direction of historical development、Excellent works with historical depth。

The “historical standards” proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping have their relevance for the times。This targeted subject is reflected in two aspects: first, insufficient cultural confidence，The second is historical nothingness。China has more than 5,000 years of civilization history，Rich cultural heritage。However, China’s development did lag behind in modern times，Added more than a hundred years of explicit or implicit criticism and reflection on traditional culture since the late Qing Dynasty，Chinese people do have a lack of confidence in traditional culture。In view of this phenomenon，General Secretary Xi Jinping raised the issue of cultural self-confidence: "Cultural self-confidence，It’s more basic、Wider、Deeper self-confidence，It’s more basic、Deeper、Longer lasting power。Strong cultural confidence，It is related to the rise and fall of the country、Related to cultural safety、A major issue related to the independence of the national spirit。No cultural confidence，It is impossible to write with integrity、Personal、Amazing works。”Historical nihility is closely related to lack of cultural confidence，General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly opposes historical nihilism，Demand respect for history、Treat history correctly。Only this way，Only in order to create excellent literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。

　　bet365 bonus code louisiana’s standards

From the perspective of historical materialism，The so-called history is the history of the people。History is created by the people，It is also driven by the people，This is an unbreakable truth of Marxism。General Secretary Xi Jinping has inherited and developed this tradition，Clearly stated: “From the people、For the people、Belong to the people，It is the fundamental stance of socialist literature and art，It is also the driving force for the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art。" He emphasized: "All theories divorced from the people are useless，All theories that do not benefit the people are lifeless。”Adhere to the people-oriented approach in bet365 bonus code louisiana criticism，We must put “the people” at the core of criticism standards。

​​"The People's Standards" of bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art Criticism in the New Era，Can be understood from the following two aspects。

On the one hand，Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation。2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed “adhere to the people-centered creative orientation” at the symposium on literary and art work；After，He emphasized this important conclusion many times，And systematically elaborated under the general requirements。As under the title "Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation"，General Secretary Xi Jinping further elaborated on the three subtitles: “The people need literature and art”, “Literature and art need the people” and “Literature and art must love the people”。Through these elaborations，He profoundly and thoroughly explained why literature and art should be "people-centered"，How to be “people-centered”，What characteristics and qualities should "people-centered" literature and art have，Provides clear direction and guidance for literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana activities in the new era。

Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation，We must regard the people as the subject of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana expression，Insist on literature and art to express for the people，Lyric for the people，Sentimental feelings for the people。“The people are the creators of history，Also the creator of the times。In the magnificent struggle of the people，Fiery chapters creating history are happening everywhere，Together, it is a people’s epic。"And "everything was sensational at the time、Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works passed down to later generations，Reflects the requirements of the times and the aspirations of the people”。Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works can only be based on the people，Express the people’s demands and wishes、Life and Spirit，In order to achieve success、Passed for a long time。

On the other hand，Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation，It is also the bounden duty of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers to serve the people，“Treat the people as connoisseurs and judges of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana aesthetics”。The people have always been the most authoritative judge of whether literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works are qualified。People often say that literature and art must withstand the test of history and time，The subject of this kind of test is ultimately the people。Withstand the test of the future，In the final analysis, it can stand the test of the people in the future。Therefore，In the final analysis，The people are the final judge of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。

"People's Standards" require insisting on creative methods rooted in the people。Literature and art take root among the people，First of all, we require literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers to go deep into the people、In-depth life。Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers go deep into the people，“It’s not just about ‘getting in’，More importantly, it is necessary to be ‘heart-in’ and ‘emotion-in’”。Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers “should go into the depths of life，Understand the essence of life among the people、Understand the details of life。Only by chewing life thoroughly，Completely digested，Can be turned into profound plots and moving images，Only the works created can stir people’s hearts”，This is "body entry"。The premise and key of "body penetration" is "heart penetration" and "emotion penetration"。We must consciously put “the people at the highest position in our hearts”，“Consciously breathe with the people、Shared fate、Heart to Heart、The joy of the people，Worried about the people’s worries”。Only if you achieve "three entrances"，Only literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers can truly penetrate the people、Know the people、Understand the people，Create creations that are recognized by the people、Favorite literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。

Literature and art take root among the people，Secondly, literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers need to have the ability to refine life。Familiar to literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers、Understanding life，But it is impossible to extract the touching people and things in life into an image，Then it still hasn’t truly taken root among the people。Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers must be good at "starting from the most real life，Discover greatness from the ordinary，Discover the sublime from simplicity，Thus profoundly refining life、Vivid expression of life、Panoramic view of life”。To achieve this goal，Requires certain bet365 bonus code louisiana skills，What is more important depends on the efforts of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana workers to truly take root among the people。

　The standard of bet365 bonus code louisiana

Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works must reflect the requirements of the times and the aspirations of the people，There must be bet365 bonus code louisiana and formal requirements。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the artistry of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Material abundance、Spiritual wealth is the fundamental requirement for socialist modernization。Material poverty is not socialism，Spiritual poverty is not socialism”，Required to adhere to the "people-centered creative orientation，Launch more excellent works that enhance people’s spiritual strength”。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The majority of literary and art workers must have the bet365 bonus code louisiana determination to "sit on the bench for ten years"，Have the persistent pursuit of "I will never stop until I am astonished"，Only can you come up with a masterpiece、Legendary work、Immortal work。”General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important remarks include both ideological and bet365 bonus code louisiana aspects，But the focus is still on art。“The persistent pursuit of ‘I will never stop until my words are shocking’”，More of an bet365 bonus code louisiana pursuit。Only when one pays attention to the artistry of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works in terms of ideology，Striving for excellence in form，It is possible to create outstanding and popular works。

The bet365 bonus code louisiana standards proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping have clear realistic relevance。After entering the new era，China’s economic development has entered a new stage，But the development of commodity economy has also caused some disadvantages。Emphasis on the artistry and bet365 bonus code louisiana standards of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works，It is precisely to correct the existence of art in commodity society that looks at money、Plagiarism and imitation、The same thing、Ridiculing the sublime、Twisted Classic、Subversion of history、Shoddy work、Kitsch and conformity、Isolate from the public、Detached from reality、Not talking about issues such as bet365 bonus code louisiana quality。

In an important speech at the symposium on literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana work，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The reason why quality products are ‘fine’，It lies in its profound thoughts、Exquisite art、Excellent production。”Luo Shugang, then Minister of Culture and Tourism, believed，“‘Three Essences’ indicates a high bet365 bonus code louisiana standard，Conveys the correct value orientation，Emphasis on the bet365 bonus code louisiana realm”。In a sense，The "Three Essences" can be used as the specific connotation of the bet365 bonus code louisiana standards of literary criticism proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping。

Profound thoughts are more about content。Thought itself has a certain form，Thoughts need to be expressed in a certain form。From this perspective，Profound thoughts themselves also have a form，This is an bet365 bonus code louisiana question。Can the form of thought itself be organized well，At the same time, express your thoughts in the most appropriate form，It cannot be solved by thought itself，It must involve issues of art form。

bet365 bonus code louisiana excellence includes both art forms、Also includes bet365 bonus code louisiana conception and bet365 bonus code louisiana image。General Secretary Xi Jinping has rich discussions on the artistry of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。He pointed out，Classic works "through theme connotation、Character creation、Emotional construction、Impression creation、Language and rhetoric, etc.，Accommodates the profound flowing spiritual world and the vivid and full authentic life，Contains history、Culture、The connotation of human nature，Has the penetrating power of thought、Aesthetic insight、Creativity of form”。He emphasized，To create a model，Emphasize that literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works should reflect reality，"Everything has value、Meaningful literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana creation and academic research，Everything should reflect reality、Observe reality，All should be helpful in solving real problems、Answer real-life issues”。These important remarks by General Secretary Xi Jinping，Rich content、Insightful、Wide coverage。From the representation of reality to the shaping of typical examples，From character creation to language rhetoric，External form、Inner bet365 bonus code louisiana conception、Full life，Not only involves the specific requirements of bet365 bonus code louisiana excellence，And pointed out the effective way to achieve bet365 bonus code louisiana perfection。

Excellent production refers to the pursuit of excellence in the material form of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。The material form of the work of art is not optional for the work of art，It is an important part of the process of creating works of art。Whether the texture of the material form is excellent、Is the production exquisite?、Is it coordinated with the bet365 bonus code louisiana image it carries?，It will inevitably affect the quality of the art work itself。This is particularly evident in non-verbal art works。Although language-based bet365 bonus code louisiana works have lower requirements for material form，But physical form is not irrelevant。These all illustrate that the material form of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works is directly related to the excellence of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized，Excellent production is very important for the creation of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana masterpieces。

"Literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana creation is hard creative work。Cultivating high bet365 bonus code louisiana standards does not happen overnight，Requires concentration、Work hard in the morning and be alert in the evening、Long-term success。”“Three Essence” literature and art is not achieved overnight，It requires the hard work of artists，Long-term accumulation。

Aesthetic bet365 bonus code louisiana

There is a certain connection between aesthetic standards and bet365 bonus code louisiana standards，But there are certain differences。The standards of art mainly involve the formal aspects of art，The standard of aesthetics involves more than just form，Also related to content；Art standards focus on the formal aspect of art，Aesthetic standards focus on the spiritual aspect of art。From a realistic perspective，The standards of art mainly focus on the phenomenon of "commercial standards" replacing "art standards" in the art field，The standards of aesthetics mainly focus on the phenomenon of "taking ugliness as beauty" and "respecting foreign things" in the field of literature and art。

The United States covers a very wide range，Can be roughly divided into bet365 bonus code louisiana beauty、Social Beauty、Three aspects of spiritual beauty。We can understand General Secretary Xi Jinping’s aesthetic standards of literary criticism from these three aspects。

There is a certain intersection between bet365 bonus code louisiana beauty and bet365 bonus code louisiana standards，But each has a different focus。Art standards emphasize the artistry of literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works，Emphasis on the delicacy and perfection of the form of the work。As one of the aesthetic standards, bet365 bonus code louisiana beauty focuses more on the harmony and perfection of content and form。British critic Ruskin said，A girl can sing about her lost love，A miser cannot sing about his lost treasure。Why？Because the previous emotion is beautiful，The latter emotion is ugly，Art should express beautiful things。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “All creative techniques and means ultimately serve content，All for the sake of being more vivid、More unique、Speak people and things more thoroughly。”bet365 bonus code louisiana beauty involves content and form、The relationship between the work and the creator and other aspects。Only create according to the laws of beauty in these aspects，It is possible to reach the realm of art，Create beautiful results。

Social beauty involves a wide range。In the social field，Beauty and truth、Goodness is connected，True、Good things are often beautiful，And beautiful things often have the characteristics of truth and goodness。This is because social beauty is not mainly a form of beauty，But a kind of beauty of content，Involving specific social factors、Specific people and things，Has certain utilitarian nature。In this case，Social beauty cannot be achieved by form alone，Must have certain content，Therefore social beauty cannot be compared with truth、Good detachment。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to truth, goodness and beauty in the social field。He requested that “the majority of bet365 bonus code louisiana and art workers should improve their reading ability，Good at finding beauty in subtle places、Seeing the light in the shadows”，“Negative corruption and ugly phenomena that are deeply disgusting to the people，We should persist in using light to dispel darkness、Victory over falsehood, evil and ugliness with truth, goodness and beauty”。Only from the complex social phenomena can we see the truth, goodness and beauty、Discover the truth, goodness and beauty、Extract the truth, goodness and beauty，And write it into bet365 bonus code louisiana works，Only can you create beautiful works。

Spiritual beauty refers to people’s ideology、Spiritual realm、Moral character、Emotional orientation、The aesthetic feeling produced by main aspects such as civilized etiquette。Spiritual beauty is an important source of beauty in literary works、One of the important expression objects of literary works。For the Chinese，The core of spiritual beauty is the core values ​​of socialism。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the core socialist values，Require the majority of literary and art workers to “make the core socialist values ​​​​vivid、Vividly reflected in literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana creation，Use lifelike images to tell people what should be affirmed and praised，What must be opposed and denied，Make spring breeze turn into rain、Moisturize things silently”。Socialist core values ​​include the country、Society、Three levels of citizenship，In the end, it must be implemented into the subjective consciousness of citizens。From this perspective，It is also an important connotation and source of spiritual beauty。Practice the core values ​​of socialism，Construct a beautiful soul and express it in literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana works，This is an inevitable requirement of aesthetic standards。

The standard of aesthetics also includes inheriting and promoting the spirit of Chinese aesthetics。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese aesthetics emphasizes supporting objects to express aspirations、Combining reason with emotion，Be concise and concise、Concise moderation，Pay attention to both form and spirit、Profound bet365 bonus code louisiana conception，emphasis on knowledge、情、meaning、The actions are unified”，Emphasis on "We must persist in not forgetting our origins、Absorb foreign matter、Future-oriented，Convert in inheritance，Transcendence in learning，Create more to reflect the essence of Chinese culture、Reflecting the aesthetic pursuit of Chinese people、Promote contemporary Chinese values、Excellent works that are in line with the world’s progressive trends，Let our country’s literature and art have distinctive Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese style stands tall in the world。”The spirit of Chinese aesthetics was formed and developed by the Chinese nation over thousands of years of living together，Has become Chinese culture、An important part of Chinese literature and art and the subjectivity of the Chinese nation。Express the spirit of Chinese aesthetics，It helps to consolidate and promote the close connection between Chinese literature and art and the Chinese people，Promote and develop Chinese literature and art and the aesthetic tradition of the Chinese nation、Aesthetic pursuit and aesthetic taste，Thus putting Chinese literature and art in a leading position in world literature and art。

Inheriting and promoting China’s excellent traditional culture and aesthetic spirit，“We must conscientiously study and learn from the excellent literature and art created by people from all over the world。Only by persisting in serving foreign countries for the benefit of China、Pioneering and innovative，Combining Chinese and Western styles、Understanding，Our country’s literature and art can develop and prosper better”。“The past serves the present、Serving foreign goods for China，Dialectical choice、Innovate from the old，Ditch the negatives，Inherit positive thoughts”，This is the consistent policy of China’s Marxist literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana thought，Only by adhering to this policy，Healthy development of Chinese culture and Chinese literary and bet365 bonus code louisiana talents。

　(The author is a professor bet365 bonus code louisiana School of Liberal Arts, Hunan Normal University)