October 15, 2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in an important speech at the Literature and Art Symposium: "Based on Marxist literary theory，Inheritance Innovation Innovation of the Outstanding Heritage of Ancient Chinese Literature and Art Criticism，Criticizing the theory of modern Western literature and art，Follow and criticize this ‘weapon’，The steering wheel of good literary and artistic criticism，Use history、The people's、Art、Aesthetic viewpoint judgment and appreciation works，Dare to seek truth from facts in artistic quality and level，For various bad literary works、Phenomenon、Sima dares to show attitude，Dare to show positions on the issue of right and wrong，Promote telling the truth、Lectures，Create a good atmosphere for literary and artistic criticism。"" In this discussion，General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly proposed the "history of history、The people's、Art、Aesthetic "standard。These standards have always been contained in Marxist literary thoughts，General Secretary Xi Jinping extracts them，enrich and specificization，Not only the inheritance of the criteria for criticism of Marxism，It is also the new development of Marxist literary criticism standards in the new era of China，It is necessary to study in -depth。

　　bet365 live casino games

Standards for History first requires us to respect history。Respecting history means that we must respect the facts，Not distorting history。2014，At the ceremony of commemorating the 77th anniversary of the outbreak of the National Anti -Japanese War，General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important speech and pointed out，History is history，Facts are facts，Can anyone change history and facts。Responsible literary workers should dig as much as possible、Close to history，instead of distorting history at will、Stay away from historical truth。Respecting history also means to understand history from the perspective of historical materialism、Grasp history。"Deeply grasp the laws of human development，Draw wisdom in the in -depth thinking of history、Towards the future。"" Literature and art while expressing history，It should grasp the law of history，Learn from history of history，Promoting the healthy development of society。

In addition to respecting history，Standards for history also requires literary and literary workers to correctly reflect the times、Lead the Times。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches importance to the leading role of literature and art，Emphasize "every major historical juncture in human development，Literature and art can make the first voice of the era、The first wind of the society、Apocalypse of the Intelligence，Pioneer of becoming the change of the times and social changes "。Chunjiang Water Warm Duck Prophet，Literary workers live in the people，With your own high responsibility、Screaming perception，Feel the pulse of the times，and reflect it image，Therefore, it is true to reflect the reality、Responsibility to lead the times。"Wellweline、It is impossible for artists bet365 live casino games to fully restore the truth of history，But I have the responsibility to tell people the real history，Tell people the most valuable things in history。"" Only this，Only to create the direction of historical development、Excellent works with historical depth。

The "Standard of History" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping has its own pertinence。This targeted subject is reflected in two aspects: First, there is insufficient cultural self -confidence，The second is historical nothing。China has more than 5,000 years of history of civilization，Rich cultural heritage。But the development of modern China has indeed been lagging behind，Plus the criticism and reflection of traditional culture, which has been in the end of the Qing Dynasty for more than a hundred years since the end of the Qing Dynasty，Chinese people do have a problem of insufficient self -confidence in traditional culture。For this phenomenon，General Secretary Xi Jinping raised cultural self -confidence issues: "Cultural self -confidence，Is a more basic、More extensive、Deeper self -confidence，Is more basic、Deeper、More long -lasting power。firm cultural self -confidence，It is the situation of the first place in the country,、It is related to cultural security、big problems related to national spiritual independence。No cultural self -confidence，It is impossible to write bone、Have personality、Auspicious works。"" History nothingness and lack of cultural self -confidence and close contact，General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly opposed historical nihilism，Requires to respect history、Correctly treat history。Only this，Only to create excellent literary works。

　　The standard of the people

From the perspective of historical materialism，The so -called history is the history of the people。History is created by the people，It is also promoted by the people，This is the truth that Marxism is not broken。General Secretary Xi Jinping inherited and developed this tradition，It is clearly stated: "Origin from the people、For the people、belongs to the people，It is the fundamental position of socialist literature and art，It is also the driving force for the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art。"He emphasized:" All the theories that are separated from the people are pale and weak，All theories that are not benefited for the people are no vitality。"insists on the people's standard in literary criticism，The "people" must be placed at the core position of criticism standards。

"People's Standards" of Literature and Art criticism in the new era，Can be understood from the following two aspects。

On the one hand，Persist in the creative orientation centered on the people。2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed "insisting on the people -centered creative orientation" at the Literature and Art Symposium;，He has repeatedly emphasized this important assertion，and under the total requirements, a systematic explanation。If you are under the topic of "insisting on the people -centered creative orientation"，General Secretary Xi Jinping uses the three small titles of "the people needs literature and art", "literature and art", "literature and art to love the people" for further details。Through these explanations，He bet365 Play online games thoroughly clarified why literature and art should be "centered on the people"，How to "take the people as the center"，"People -centered" literature should have any characteristics and quality problems such as，provides a clear direction and guide for the literary activities of the new era。

Persist in the creative orientation centered on the people，It is necessary to use the people as the subject of literary performance，Persist in writing literature and art for the people，lyrics for the people，Express the people。"People are the creators of history，It is also the creator of the times。In the magnificent struggle of the people，The fiery chapter of creating history everywhere，Gathering is the epic of a people。"and" All sensation at the time、Literary and artistic works after passing the world，Reflects the requirements of the times and the voice of the people "。Literary and artistic works are only based on the people，Express the requirements and wishes of the people、Life and Spirit，Only success can be achieved、Chuan for a long time。

On the other hand，Persist in the creative orientation centered on the people，Also serving the people as a heavenly job for literary and art workers，"Putting the people as an appreciation and judge of literary aesthetics"。The people have always been the most authoritative judges who are qualified for literary works。People often say that literature and art must be tested in history and time，The subject of this test is in the final analysis or the people。It can withstand future test，In the final analysis, it can withstand the test of the people in the future。Therefore，In the final analysis，The people are the final judges of literary works。

"People's Standard" requires insisting on taking root in the people's creative method。Literature and Rest -rooted People，First require literary and art workers to go deep into the people、Deeper Life。Literary workers deeply penetrate the people，"Not only must you‘ enter ’，More ‘Heart Enter’ ‘Love Entering’。Literary and Artists "to enter the depth of life，realize the essence of life among the people、Eat through the heritage。Only chewing life，It's completely digested，can become a deep plot and moving image，The works created can stir people's hearts "，This is "body entry"。The premise and key to "in your body" is "Heart Entering" and "Love Entry"。We must consciously put "the people in the highest position in their hearts"，"Consciously breathe with the people、Common destiny、Heart Heart、Happy people's joy，Feelings of the people "。Only achieved "three -in -entry"，literary workers can truly penetrate the people、Familiar with the people、Know the people，Create the people affirmation、Favorite literary works。

Literary and Art -Ren people，Followed by literary and art workers to have the ability to refine life。Literary workers familiar with、Learn life，but it is impossible to refine people and things in life to form a image，So you still have not really rooted the people。Literary workers must be good at "starting from the most real life，Great found from ordinary，Discover lofty from rustic，thus deeply refine life、Vividly express life、Panorama show life "。To achieve Bet365 app download this goal，Need a certain amount of artistic skills，More importantly depends on the degree of efforts of the people's true root。

　Standards for Art

Literary works should reflect the requirements of the times and the voice of the people，There must be their artistic and formal requirements。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches importance to the artistic nature of literary works。The 20th report of the Party pointed out: "Material rich、The fundamental requirement of socialist modernization。Material poverty is not socialism，Mental poverty is not socialism "，Requires to adhere to the "people -centered creative orientation，Introduction of more excellent works that enhance the spiritual power of the people "。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The majority of literary workers must have the art fixed force of‘ bench to sit for ten years ’，The persistent pursuit of ‘not amazing words’，can we take out the work of carrying the tripod、The handed down work、Immortal work。"The important exposition of General Secretary Xi Jinping includes two aspects: thought and art，But the focus is still art。"The persistent pursuit of 'not amazing words'"，More artistic pursuit。Only attach importance to the artistic nature of literary works，Strive in form for excellence，It is possible to create a popular excellent work。

The artistic standards proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping have clear practical pertinence。After entering the new era，The development of China's economy has entered a new stage，But the development of the commodity economy has also caused some disadvantages。Emphasize the artistic and artistic standards of literary and artistic works，It is to correct money to correct the art of commodity society、Plagiarism imitation、Thousands of articles、Mobilization and lofty、Disclosure from reality、Undverted history、Leave the public、Kim reclible、Leave the public、Disclosure from reality、No problem with artistic quality and other problems。

In an important speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The reason why boutique is 'fine'，It lies in its deep thoughts、Square art、Sophisticated production。"The Minister of Culture and Tourism, the Minister of Culture and Tourism, believed，"Three Essences" indicates a high degree of art standards，Passing the correct value -oriented，Emphasized the realm of art "。In a sense,，"Three Essentials" can be used as the specific connotation of the artistic criteria proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping。

Thinking is more about content。Thought itself has a certain form，Thoughts need to be manifested in a certain form。From this perspective，The deep thought itself also has a form，This is an artistic problem。Can you organize the form of thought itself，At the same time, express the thoughts in the most suitable form，It is by no means that the thought itself can be solved，It is necessary to involve problems in art forms。

The exquisite art includes art forms、also includes artistic mood and artistic image。General Secretary Xi Jinping has a rich discussion about the artistic nature of literary works。He pointed out，Classic works "Through the theme、Character shaping、Building artistic conception、Building artistic conception、Language Bet365 lotto review rhetoric, etc.，The deep flowing spiritual world and the lively life of the true life are accommodated，contains history、Culture、Connotation of human nature，Thoughtful penetration、Aesthetic insight、Forms creative "。He emphasizes，To shape a typical，Emphasized literary and artistic works to reflect reality，"Everything is valuable、meaningful literary creation and academic research，Should reflect reality、Observation reality，All should be conducive to solving real problems、Answer Reality Issue "。These important discussions from General Secretary Xi Jinping，Rich in content、Deep view、Involved in the face wide。From the performance of reality to the shape of typical，From character shaping to language rhetoric，outer form、Inner artistic conception、Plum life，Not only does it involve specific requirements for exquisite art，And pointed out the effective way to achieve exquisite art。

Fine production refers to the excellence of the material form of literary and artistic works。The material form of art works is not optional for art works，It is an important part of the creation of art works。Whether the texture of the material form is excellent、Whether the production is exquisite、Is it coordinated with the artistic image of its carrier，It will inevitably affect the quality of the art work itself。This is particularly obvious in non -language art works。and language art works, although the requirements of material forms are lower，But the material form is not unrelated。These all illustrate the material form of literary works directly related to the excellent or not or not。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized，Fine production is very important for the creation of literary and artistic boutiques。

"Literary creation is a hard creative work。Practice is superb artistic level.，Need to concentrate on the mind、Chaoganxi、Jiu Jiu Gong。"Three Essences" literature is not an overnight，It requires the hard work of the artists，Long -term accumulation。

Standards for Aesthetics

The standards of aesthetics and the standards of art have a certain contact，But there are certain differences。The standard of art involves the main form of art，The standard of aesthetics not only involves form，It also involves content; the standard of art focuses on the form of art，The standard of aesthetics focuses on the spiritual level of art。From the perspective of reality，The standards of art are mainly targeted at the phenomenon of "commercial standards" in the field of art.，The standards of aesthetics are mainly targeted at the phenomenon of "Ugly Beauty" and "Respecting the Yangs" in the field of literary and art.。

The scope involved in beauty is very wide，It can be roughly divided into art beauty、Social Beauty、Three aspects of spiritual beauty。We can understand the aesthetic standards criticized by General Secretary Xi Jinping from these three aspects。

Artistic beauty and art standards have a certain intersection，But each has different focus。Artistic standards emphasize the artistic nature of literary works，Emphasize the exquisite and perfect of the form of the work。The artistic beauty as one of the aesthetic standards is more of the harmony and perfect focus from content and form。British critic Roskin said，Girls can sing her lost love，Guarding the Bet365 lotto review rich but not to sing the treasure he lost。Why? Because the previous emotion is beautiful，Later emotion is ugly，Artistic performance should be beautiful。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "All creative skills and means are ultimately serving the content，All to be more vivid、More unique、More thoroughly talking about things and reason。"Art Beauty involves content and form、A relationship between works and creators。Only in these aspects to follow the law of beauty，can reach the realm of art，Create beautiful results。

The scope of social beauty is very wide。In social field，Mei and True、Good is connected，Real、Good things are often beautiful，and beautiful things often have the characteristics of true and good。This is because the beauty of society is not a formal beauty，but a kind of content beauty，Involved in specific social factors、Specific people and things，It has a certain amount of utilitarianity。In this case，Social beauty cannot win by form，Must have a certain content，Therefore, the beauty of society cannot be with the truth、Good from getting off。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the true and good beauty in the social field。His requires "the vast number of literary workers to improve the ability to read life，Good at discovering beauty in a quiet place、Take light in the shadow "，"Negative corruption and ugly phenomenon of the people who are deeply disgusted with the people，Should insist on dispersing darkness with light、Use true, good, and beautiful to defeat fake evil ugliness "。Only see truth, goodness and beauty from intricate social phenomena、Digging True Goodness、Extract True Goodness，Write it into literary works，Only to create beautiful works。

Personal beauty refers to people's ideological consciousness、spiritual realm、Moral Quality、Emotional orientation、Aesthetics generated by subject factors such as civilized etiquette。Spiritual beauty is an important source of the United States in literary works、One of the important performance objects of literary works。For the Chinese，The core of spiritual beauty is the core values ​​of socialism。General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the core values ​​of socialism，Requires the majority of literary workers to "lively and lively socialist core values、Vividly reflected in literary creation，Tell people what should be affirmed and praised，What must be opposed and negated，To achieve spring wind and rain、Moisturizer silent "。Socialist core values ​​include national、Society、Three levels of citizens，In the end, it must be implemented on the main consciousness of citizens。From this perspective，It is also an important connotation and important source of spiritual beauty。Practice the core values ​​of socialism，Build a beautiful heart and show it in literary works，This is an inevitable requirement for aesthetic standards。

The standard for aesthetics also includes inheritance and promoting the spirit of Chinese aesthetics。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Chinese aesthetics emphasizes entanglement words、Acts for reason，Speaking of words、Concrete and restraint，True form of form and bet365 live casino games spirit、Far -far artistic conception，Emphasized knowledge、Love、meaning、Unified Phase "，Emphasize "We must insist on not forget the original、Absorbing foreign、Facing Future，Convert in inheritance，Beyond during learning，Creation more reflects the essence of Chinese culture、Reflect that the Chinese people's aesthetic pursuit、spread the concept of contemporary Chinese value、Outstanding works that are in line with the trend of world progress，Let my country's literature and art with distinctive Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese Qi School stands in the world。"The spirit of Chinese aesthetics is formed and developed in the common life of the Chinese nation，Has become Chinese culture、An important part of the subjectivity of Chinese literature and art and the Chinese nation。Express the spirit of Chinese aesthetics，It helps to consolidate and carry forward the close contact between the Chinese literature and art and the Chinese people，Promote and develop the aesthetic tradition of Chinese literature and art and the Chinese nation、Aesthetic pursuit and aesthetic taste，So that Chinese literature and art are leading in the world's literature and art。

Inheritance and promotion of the Chinese excellent traditional culture and aesthetic spirit，"You must carefully learn from the excellent literature and art created by people from all over the world。Only insist on the ocean as the middle use、Pioneering Innovation，To achieve Chinese and Western combination、Rong will be connected，my country's literature and art can better develop and prosper "。"In ancient times, use now、Object for China，Dialectical choice、Public outlet，Abandon negative factors，Inheritance positive thoughts "，This is the policy of consistently the Chinese Marxist literary thought，Only insist on this policy，Chinese culture and Chinese literature and art can develop healthily。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Arts of Hunan Normal University)