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Later capitalist thought and its limitations

May 28, 2020 04:56 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 28, 2020, No. 1935 Author: Xia Wei

　　Late Capitalism is a definition of Habermas to the state of capitalist crisis。Habermas' dual interpretation and its response strategy of life and systems in the later capitalist crisis，It is undoubtedly unique and deep，It is also enlightening the current value of the times。However, this idea still shows certain limitations。Specifically，You can expand discussions through the following four points。

　　First，The colonization of the capitalist crisis and the world of life。Habermas uses the word "later capitalism"，Based on his judgment based on his capitalist society that has entered a comprehensive crisis。In his opinion，Different from the period of free competition capitalism，Capitalism is in "organized" or "managed by the state" stage。The dilemma caused by the economic crisis，The political system actively involved in various economic activities，But it has caused politics、Cultural and ideological structure and other aspects，The "comprehensive" social crisis that is completely different from the previous simple economic crisis。Despite this，The social nature of capitalism has not fundamentally changed。

　　Causes of various crisis in later capitalism、Performance、Related discussion on content and other content，Habermas opened a novel perspective，The dual distinction mode of the life world and the system。Based on Bet365 lotto review this，He demonstrated that later capitalism will inevitably fall into the trend of comprehensive crisis due to structural disorders，and give a name of the overall condition of the later capitalist crisis- "colonization of the world of life"。Habermas Cave see，When the political system intervenes and intervenes in the economic system，The currency and power of the economic system also become the common control medium of the political system。It is because these two media invade the world of life，Breaking the mode that it originally used language as a medium and reappeared through communication behavior。The result makes the cultural reproduction of the world of life、Social achievements of social integration and individual autonomy are being restrained by the system and are unpalatable，Finally led to "the colonization of the world of life"。

　　2，Comprehensive crisis and legalization crisis。Intervention through the political system，The negative impact of the capitalist economic crisis is digested and absorbed，The crisis does get a certain relief。But at the same time，The fundamental premise of political system and capital society -there is inevitable contradiction between private ownership。On the one hand，The intervention of the political system is mainly to make up for the lack of free competition market economy rules，But，Private ownership has to limit its intervention，to maintain the free nature of the capitalist market economy。On the other hand，Limited intervention means of the political system itself，Make it policy、bet365 live casino games Administrative and regulations are difficult to achieve completely reasonable、Professional and efficient，Therefore, a reasonable crisis appears，The legitimacy of its intervention is threatened。

　　Legality emphasizes the support and recognition of the people on the basis of cultural value specifications。The positive effect of the political system intervention in the economic process of course can explain the reasonableness of its intervention activities，But it cannot prove the legitimacy of the intervention itself。The basis for legitimacy is fundamentally established to be established by the reproduction of the world。But，When the media power and money of the political system to realize social integration functions，But it is difficult to obtain citizen recognition on the basis of cultural value specifications，It means that the legitimacy crisis has occurred。

　　When the political system actively establishes the connection with cultural and value specifications，The procedural activity of its proof of legitimacy is "legalization"。If the political system only demonstrates and ensure its legitimacy through intervention in the field of culture and value，The effect of this legalization is extremely limited。Not only that，When the world of life fails to invest in the necessary number of political systems, it will be active due to the crisis，The process of legalization is seriously blocked，thus caused a legalized crisis。Legalization crisis is the deepest level of this comprehensive crisis，It not only presents bet365 best casino games the passing of the economic crisis to the political field，and also associated with motivation crisis in the field of culture and value specifications。The unsustainable life world and the system of the system are the results of the comprehensive crisis，The most critical of these is the reproduction of cultural and value specifications cannot be guaranteed。So，Legalized crisis is the source of the disorder and missing crisis of cultural and value specifications。

　　third，Reconstruction of the autonomous public domain。Dilemma to get rid of the comprehensive crisis of the later period，Habermas's focus on the strategy is，The problem of the function of the "meaning" of the "meaning" of world culture and value specifications of life and value specifications in life，In other words，Starting from solving the crisis of legalization。The specific implementation path he chose is to resist the colonial intervention of the life world in a democratic way。Specifically，The protection system and sensing equipment formed between the world of life and the system，to balance the interactive relationship between life world and system。Based on this，Democratic ways can avoid the system's money and power usurping the world，So as to play the function of social integration medium。

　　Habermas thinks，The autonomous public domain is the basis of the legitimacy of any political system，The decision -making of the political system must be reached by the public to prove its legitimacy。The public is given the right to politics and bet365 live casino games social participation，On the one hand，Can continue to engage in rational reflection、Questions and criticism; on the other hand，For your own position、Opinions and interests defense，Formation of freedom that is not dominated and distorted by political power，Finally to reach a consensus。This provides culture for the political system、Public recognition based on value specifications，Its legitimate order is supported。But，Due to the erosion of money and power，The public domain is no longer a "autonomous" public domain with the above characteristics，Therefore, when the priority is urgent, the public domain。

　　Fourth，Unique value and limitations。Habermas Division Model in Life and System Binary，Discussion on the later capitalist crisis，It is undoubtedly the most theoretical depth and unique in the contemporary foreign Marxist camp。But，The limitations of their thoughts and theoreticals are also unavoidable。

　　First，Although Habermas truly penetrates the real condition and recession of capitalism，But he did not inherit Marx，Critical tradition of the first generation of Frankfurt School，Instead of showing sympathy and saving posture of the current situation of capitalism。Maintain the existing social order，Work hard for the unfinished modernity，It is the original intention of his research。In the concept of Habermas，The third road other than socialism and capitalism has not yet appeared，Capitalist society still has the possibility to maintain in the inherent social order after adjustment。Bet365 app download What he does is the cause of the comprehensive crisis、Performance, etc. Make a reasonable and appropriate diagnosis，Then the prescription for the treatment of capitalism。Based on this，His research is also based on the legitimacy of demonstrating the capitalist system，Due to its famous theory of communication behavior。

　　Next，Habermas's solution to the comprehensive crisis of the later period of capitalism still needs to be discussed。From the perspective of historical materialism，Social relations are only based on the relationship between human and natural relationships，Only in a certain architecture within self -consciousness。but，Habermas' "subjectivity" is separated from this foundation，Can't use this to establish a real social relationship。Based on this，The ideal political architecture is difficult to truly realize through this channel。

　　Last，Habermas thinks，Language is a medium for constructing the relationship between subjects，Only in language can we understand the world。But a need for an important premise here，That is, the language is not alienated。As long as the language of the life of the world is always in the condition of alienation，Then the fusion function it played in the life world cannot be realized as the degree of not being "colonized"。This，Even the boundary between the system and the world of life，It is also difficult to maintain the "meaning reproduction" of the life world。

　　(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Fudan University)

Editor in charge: Changchang