Traditional moral philosophy is based on abstract ideas,Considering that morality is just a form of consciousness independent of the real world。However,From the perspective of bet365 sign up bonus code,Morality as a social consciousness,It is determined by the material life and production mode as a real social existence。In other words,Marx and Engels revolutionized the way of thinking in traditional moral philosophy,Start to think about moral issues from the perspective of real people and their material production practices。
Taking "Hume's Problem" as an example,It originated from a debate on the origin of morality that arose in the field of moral philosophy in the 17th century,So named because Hume gave the first description bet365 sign up bonus code problem in his Treatise of Human Nature。Hume describes it as: People cannot explain the jump from fact judgments with "is" or "not" as relative words to value judgments with "should" or "should not" as relative words。This is the dualistic distinction between factual knowledge and value knowledge。
The raising of “Hume’s problem”,Has a profound impact on the development of the entire Western philosophy。In the field of epistemology,Especially with the development of empiricism and rationalism in modern Europe,People shift knowledge from judgment as the unity of subjectivity and objectivity to judgment as a purely subjective construct,That is, understanding all cognitive activities (including theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge) as pure logical movements within thinking。This not only caused the "what is" and "should be" in the history of Western philosophy、The long-standing dispute over the relationship between truth and value,And further extends to the field of history and philosophy,Created the historical outlook and values、Differences abound on the relationship between objective practice and value ideals,It has even led to some theoretical misunderstandings to question and criticize the scientific nature of bet365 sign up bonus code。
Throughout the history of the development of traditional moral philosophy,It has always faced the dilemma of separation between what should be and what is。This separates the unified thinking and existence in traditional epistemology,Formated a cognitive philosophy that is different from traditional philosophy,And produced a huge theoretical effect in the history of thought,Kant、Hegel and Feuerbach actually constructed their own epistemology on this basis。However,Return to the theoretical perspective of bet365 sign up bonus code,The relationship between what should be and what is in the perspective of traditional moral philosophy has actually been transformed from a pure epistemological issue into a realistic practical issue,It has been specifically transformed into three consecutive questions at different stages of the development of bet365 sign up bonus code。
The first is the practical transformation during the foundation period of bet365 sign up bonus code,That is, the problem of the unity of "what is" and "what should be" that is transformed into people's practical activities。This is rooted in Marx’s inheritance and development of German classical philosophy,It is specifically expressed as the answer to the problem of the relationship between "real people" and "real people"。In the view of Marx and Engels,“Real people” are the factual basis of “real people”,And "real people" are the value orientation of "real people",The two are unified in the actual social and historical development。
The second is the historical transformation during the initial establishment period of bet365 sign up bonus code,That is, the issue of the unity of "what is" and "what should be" that is transformed into the process of historical development。This is rooted in Marx’s thorough liquidation of the Young Hegelian philosophy,The specific manifestation is the answer to the relationship between "historical laws" and "road selection"。In the view of Marx and Engels,Historical laws include factors that determine the subject’s value selection,The realization of the subject’s value choice needs to follow historical laws,The two are unified in the objective process of real people and their material production。
The third is the social transformation in the period of deepening and perfection of bet365 sign up bonus code,That is, it is transformed into the issue of the unity of "what is" and "what should be" in communist practice。This is rooted in Marx’s thorough criticism of various erroneous socialist trends of thought and idealist economics,The specific manifestation is the scientific analysis of the relationship between "capitalism" and "communism"。In the view of Marx and Engels,“Capitalism” provides a realistic field for the appearance of “Communism”,The self-denial of capital logic is the internal driving force for the transition from "capitalism" to "communism",The two are unified in the actual contradictory movement of capitalist society。
Obviously,A historical materialist examination of traditional moral philosophy,has its distinctive contemporary value and significance。This not only helps to clarify the essence of the relationship between what should be and what is, and the basic ideas for its scientific solution,And for deepening the scientific understanding of "people" and their dual activities、Promote in-depth research and scientific interpretation of bet365 sign up bonus code、Countering people’s doubts and criticisms about the scientific nature of bet365 sign up bonus code、Systematically promote the scientific explanation of the relationship between the "movement" and "ideal" of communism,Both have very important academic value and practical significance。Therefore,Return to the theoretical perspective of bet365 sign up bonus code to re-examine the relationship between what should be and what is in traditional moral philosophy,It seems very necessary。From the perspective of bet365 sign up bonus code,This question can actually be answered scientifically on the basis of the practice theory of bet365 sign up bonus code。
In fact,Factual knowledge and value knowledge caused by the separation of what should be and what is in traditional moral philosophy、Truth and Value、Historical Views and Values、The binary opposition between objective practice and value ideal,bet365 sign up bonus code has been unified through the scientific revelation of the historical development process and its laws and trends driven by human practical activities。Therefore,Expand a historical materialist examination of this issue from an academic perspective,Not only helps to promote practical answers to disputes in the history of philosophy,And it helps to promote the research of bet365 sign up bonus code and its scientific explanation。
By analyzing and judging the current research status of the relationship between what should be and what is in the perspective of traditional moral philosophy,The crux of the problem that remains unsolved is that people fail to correctly understand and grasp the theoretical essence of this issue。This is because,People still follow the cognitive reasoning of the sages on this issue, so their understanding and knowledge of this issue are still limited to the abstract spiritual realm,Thus ignoring the profound reasons why this question was raised。This requires us to return to the theoretical perspective of bet365 sign up bonus code as "the science of real people and their historical development" for further analysis and research。
Overview,bet365 sign up bonus code scientifically solves the theoretical dilemma of traditional moral philosophy,About "what is" and "what should be"、Factual knowledge and value knowledge、Truth and Value、Historical Views and Values、The relationship between objective practice and value ideals is unified into the scientific revelation of the objective practice movement process and objective laws and trends of real individuals and their historical development,Thus reducing it to a practical question,It was through this that Marx and Engels realized the critical transcendence of bet365 sign up bonus code over traditional moral philosophy。Therefore,Breaking the shackles of previous epistemological understandings of moral issues,Return to bet365 sign up bonus code to examine and analyze it from a practical perspective,Elucidate its theoretical essence,Clarify a series of debates about this issue,To deepen and advance people’s scientific understanding and interpretation of bet365 sign up bonus code,It is a major theoretical issue that urgently needs extensive and in-depth discussion in the academic community。
(Author’s affiliation: School bet365 sign up bonus code, Tianjin Normal University)
Friendly links: Official website of Chinese Academy of bet365 sign up bonus code |
Website registration number: Beijing Public Network Security No. 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:
All rights reserved by China bet365 sign up bonus code Magazine. No reproduction or use without permission is allowed
Chief editor’s email: zzszbj@126.com Contact information of bet365 sign up bonus code website: 010-85886809 Address: Floor 11-12, Building 1, No. 15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Postal Code: 100026
>