"German Ideology" as the birthplace of the historical view of materialism，The key containing all content of understanding and grasping the concept of materialism。In a comment in "German Ideology"，Marx clarified the fundamental difference between the historical view of materialism and the old philosophy，and its fundamental nature of history。Marx pointed out: "We only know one of the only science，That is historical science。History can be inspected from two aspects，It can be divided into natural history and human history。But these two aspects are inseparable; as long as someone exists，Natural history and human history restrict each other。Natural History，The so -called natural science，We do n’t talk here; we need to study in -depth human history，Because almost the entire ideology is not the history of human beings，It is completely left aside from the history of human beings。"" In this deleted manuscript，It contains important content that understands the nature of materialist history，that is, history is the unity of natural history and human history，Therefore, historical sciences are sciences about people and their entire world existing world，But the entire old philosophy "is not the history of humans，That is to completely leave the history of human beings "。So，The establishment of the historical view of materialism is based on criticizing the old philosophy。

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From Marx's view，The most fundamental problem of old philosophy is not understanding human history。Specifically，It is the old materialism that has left the history of human beings，and idealism solved human history。

Marx thinks，Old materialism in its initial formation period，With its perceptual、Following the attention of real life to understand people and its real world。This is manifested in two aspects: one，Materialism in Bacon，It also contains a comprehensive development bet365 best casino games bud in a simple form。The material is still impulsive、Vitality、Tension's sensual existence，Also "smile with the perceptual glory of poetic"。Its two，Materialism is a resistance and go to school、The theoretical system that summarizes the practical life practice as a system and theoretically adds demonstration。Locke's "The Theory of Humanity" is this system，Therefore, "I have received warm welcome like the guests who are waiting for"。but，Materialism began to construct its own system in the form of mathematics in the later development process，So "emotional loses its bright color，Become the abstract perceptual of a geometrician。Physical exercise has become a victim of mechanical or mathematical movement; geometric science is announced as the main science。Materialism has become ignored "。It is impossible to include the content of human history in this hostile materialism，Because they do not understand the real people and their life world。

Although idealism touches the content of human history，But it just develops the subjectivity of people abstractly，Because "idealism is unknown、Senior activity itself "。Whether it is subjective idealism or objective idealism，It has a common feature is the world that believes that concepts rule the reality，Not only the entire material world，and the entire history，All from the concept、Thought、Concepts, etc. are dominated，The real people and the real world of reality are the products of concepts，instead of the opposite。So，In idealism，Human history is abstractly understood as the evolutionary history of human spirit，This is just "Finding Abstract for the movement of history、Logic、expression of speculation "。

From Marx's view，The reason why old philosophy cannot really understand and grasp human history，It is simply that they do not understand the foundation of "revolution" and "practical critical" activity for people and their life world。"This activity、This kind of continuous emotional labor and creation、This production，The foundation of the entire existing emotional bet365 live casino games world "，This kind of activity even stops for one year，The real world and the existence of people are impossible。So，The understanding and grasp of the real people and its world，can only start from real people and their activities。It is because of the personal and practical activities of the reality，Marx really surpassed the entire old philosophy and created the historical view of materialism。

　　The historical view of materialism is about the science of people

Understand and grasp history from real individuals and their activities，It is the fundamental feature of the historical view of materialism different from the previous view of history。As far as its essence is concerned，The historical view of materialism is human history，It is constantly self -generation to people through their own objective practical activities、The understanding and grasp of the historical process of self -creation。

First，The research object of the historical view of materialism is realistic people and their activities。The historical view of materialism is from the premise of reality，This premise is human，"But not in a certain unreal group and fixed person，but in reality、You can observe it with experience、People in the development process under certain conditions "。This person，Not an abstract person，but specific、People engaged in production activities in the historical era。So，Historical research is not based on the theory or concept of history outside of history，but start from the history itself，That is to study the history of which era，It is necessary to analyze the real social life of people in that era。As long as you describe this realistic social life process，can also grasp the history of that era。So，Personal person as a starting point for the historical view，Not an abstract concept of developing logic，but an absolute command，That means that historical research must be rooted in the practical analysis of people's specific production and life。

Second，The dual relationships that are expanded in people's practical activities and the movement of its interactive influence，The basic theoretical logic of the historical view of materialism。In "German Ideology"，Marx'Bet365 lotto review s analysis of the activity of real people，revealing the premise of human history，is the production required for basic survival、New needs and production of others' lives，and clearly point out the dual relationships contained in it -natural relationship and social relationship，This has formed a productivity and production relationship、Dialectics of economic foundation and upper -level buildings，Basic theory of materialist historical views such as human social form evolution。There are two points of attention here: one，Marx said that production is not only the production of material data，It is still the production of people -the production of your own life and the production of others' lives，Therefore, the relationship of all people in this production，Whether it is a person's relationship or human relationship with nature。The purpose of production is not only to meet the needs of people's material survival，More importantly, we must reproduce all the social relationships of people and people。That is to say，That kind of activity that is independent of people、Absolutely objective material production process is not at all。I only have this point，To avoid the interpretation of the economic decision theory of the historical view of materialism。Its two，The interpretation of people and historical activities of materialism and historical activities is neither a certain theoretical conclusion，Not a prescription or formula that can be applied everywhere，It is rather to understand and grasp the basic theoretical principles and methods of human history。Only follow this theoretical principles and methods to analyze the social life of people in the specific era and its change in people's practice，can it form a true understanding of human history。

third，The future of the historical view of materialism points to human liberation。If the history of materialism is the theoretical principles and methods of the historical sciences of people，So this principle and method are also obtained from the objective practice nature of the person and the analysis of its self -generating activities。In "German Ideology"，Analysis of Marx's analysis from Bet365 app download theoretical logic and real historical process, two different dimensions demonstrate the final purpose of human history，The former manifested as analysis of the possibility of alienation and its elimination，reveals the relationship between world history and communism，thus clarifying that its future pointing is the liberation of people; the latter is an analysis of production relations since the rise of capitalism，Clarify the relationship between individual labor and social wealth in real social production，and clearly point out，The common possession of the joint personal productivity of the union is a way to achieve human liberation。It is the analysis of this dual dimension，The analysis of the liberation of people's historical views obtained a solid foundation，Direction for the future development of human history。

Therefore，Materials History View Whether it is its starting point、The process is still the final purpose，Both people and their existences，Therefore, it is about human science，It is a historic science that exists in people and its world，It is the unity of human science and history。

　　The unity of the science and history of people

Although Marx specially emphasized "we need to study in -depth research is human history"，But in order to grasp the historical and scientific nature of the historical view of materialism，We still have to return to the unity of nature and human history，instead of only staying in the understanding of human history。Because only on the basis of the unity of natural history and human history，We can truly understand the unique essence of the historical view of materialism。

From Marx's view，History itself contains the history of nature and human history，As long as someone exists，These two aspects are restricted by each other。Because natural history and human history are just two aspects of the same human activity process，Only unify the two，can it constitute a real history，Only to truly understand history。

Natural History，The so -called natural science itself，is the science of people。On the one hand，People are direct objects of natural science。Because Bet365 lotto review people themselves are part of nature，Only in nature，A person's perceptual can obtain real existence，Only in order to get objective implementation in natural objects，Only by using natural science can we form a understanding of people's own existence。On the other hand，Nature is a direct object about human science，Because nature is not a human body, it is a person’s inorganic body，Research on nature itself is research on people。Only in the interaction between man and nature，Only to have real real people and realistic nature。So，Natural Science will include human science，Just like human sciences include natural sciences，This will be a science。Investigate its fundamental，It is that the nature of Marx is not outside the person、Absolutely objective nature that has nothing to do with people，but people live in it、The object of activity as a human、The natural world that is constantly generated and expanded in human objective practice activities，is the world of human life。

Therefore，The so -called human history，It's just the history of the formation of a human life world、History of Development，It is a process of being born through its own labor，It is the process of humanization in nature，That is, the process of the constituent part of the real life of nature into a human world。On the one hand，It is in this process，Natural Science enters people's social life through industry，​​Reform people's life，Prepare for the liberation of human beings; on the other hand，It is precisely because of business and industry，Due to people’s emotional activities，Natural Science only achieves its own purpose and obtains its own materials。So，Human history and nature history are always closely linked，The natural history of the living world of real people，This is the history of human self -generation，This is the same process。Of course, "Not applicable to the original、People generated through natural occurrences "and" The nature that exists in human history "。

To sum up，Marx said in nature，It is the object of human activity、"Nature Bet365 lotto review of Human Studies" generated in people's practical activities -the real life world of human beings。Material History Outlook as a science of people who are about reality and their life world formation and development laws，It is both scientific about people，It is also scientific about nature，The two are always unified together，or this is originally a science -historical science。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Hainan University)