The Communist Manifesto is the first time to comprehensively elaborate the principles of scientific socialism，Once came out, it promoted the development of world socialist development，Deeply changed the process of human history。In the "Communist Declaration"，Marx and Engels use dialectical materialism and historical materialism scientific worldview and methodology，The law of promoting social development according to the basic contradictions of society，Proposal "The demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable"。You can start with the three paradoxes of the capitalist society，Understanding "The death of the bourgeoisie is inevitable"。

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The paradox of wealth is specifically manifested as the opposition between the accumulation of wealth and the accumulation of poverty。In "Poverty of Philosophy"，Marx pointed out，The bourgeoisie has a duality to use the production relationship of the activity: poverty in the production relationship of wealth，In the development of productivity production relations, it also develops a force that produces oppression。Only the wealth of a single member of the bourgeoisie of the bourgeoisie，generate a continuously growing proletariat，Only the bourgeoisie's wealth can be generated。

In the "Communist Declaration"，Marx Engels specifically analyzed the opposition between the two accumulation。On the one hand，It is the huge development of productivity and the accumulation of wealth。"The productivity created by the bourgeoisie in less than 100 years of class rule，More productivity than all the past generations created in the past，。"and the fundamental condition of the bourgeoisie survival and rule is the accumulation of wealth in private hands，So it destroys the production information for a day、Disaptive state of property Bet365 lotto review and population，Make the population dense，Concentrate the production materials，Make the property gather in the hands of a few people。On the other hand，Is the accumulation of poverty。In "Employing Labor and Capital"，Marx pointed out，Capital is based on employment labor，Employment labor is based on capital。Both of them are restricted by each other;。The employment labor engaged in workers produces the wealth of others who dominate it，That is the power to be hostile to it -capital。The reason why it can get living information from capital，It is part of employment of labor and will become part of capital，It will become a condition for the leverage of accelerating the growth of capital investment again。The more capital, the more increased，The more increased the amount of employment labor，The more the number of employees hires workers，The more intense the self -competition between hiring workers。It is because I realize this contradiction between hiring labor and capital，Marx Engels pointed out in the "Communist Manifesto": "Modern workers are the opposite，They don’t rise with the progress of the industry，Instead, it is getting more and more to the survival conditions of this class。Workers become red poverty，Poverty is faster than the population and wealth。”

In "Capital"，Marx further clarified the relationship between wealth accumulation and poverty accumulation: "In one pole is the accumulation of wealth，At the same time in another pole，In terms of the class that uses your products as a class that produces capital，Is poverty、Labor torture、Attack、ignorance、The accumulation of rough and moral degradation。”

It is the accumulation of poverty，The bourgeoisie can not rule anymore。All society so far is based on the opposition of the oppression class and the oppressed class，To compress workers，The bourgeoisie must ensure that workers can barely maintain their slave -like survival conditions。But，The bourgeoisie cannot Bet365 lotto review guarantee the life of their slaves to maintain slaves，I have to let my slaves fall into the point where I can't support it but want it to support it。Society can no longer survive under the rule of the bourgeoisie，Therefore, the demise of the bourgeoisie is inevitable。Need to add a sentence，The paradox of wealth in the capitalist society is also manifested as the opposition between the accumulation of wealth and ecological destruction，Since the Communist Declaration does not involve this opposite，Therefore, do not expand here。

　　Free paradox in capitalist society

The paradox of freedom is specifically manifested as the opposition between freedom and dishonesty。The freedom of capitalism is a kind of buying and selling in the market、Freedom of trade，"Within the scope of the current bourgeois production relationship，The so -called freedom is free trade、Free Sale "。In "Speech on Free Trade Issues"，Marx pointed out，The "freedom of trade" advertised by the bourgeoisie is essentially the freedom of the capitalist squeezing workers，It is also the freedom to gather wealth for the benefit of other nations to sacrifice the interests of other nations。The free trade system is disintegrated by various ethnic groups so far，Make the confrontation between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie reaches the peak，thus accelerating the social revolution。In "Capital"，Marx analyzed the freedom of buying and selling。To transform the currency into capital，Currency holders must find free workers in the commodity market。The freedom mentioned here has double significance: on the one hand，Workers are freelancers，Able to dominate your labor force as a product; on the other hand,，He has no other products to sell，Freedom to have nothing，No means of means of production and living information necessary for your own labor force。Labor or labor ability is a person's body exist、The sum of physical and intelligence used when he produces some practical value。The sale of labor is performed within the boundary of the circulation field or the field of commodity exchange，Freedom、bet365 best casino games Equality、ownership and Bian Qin。The reason why it is free，It is because the buyers and sellers of the product (such as the labor force) depend on their own free will，They are free、People who are equal in law conclude a contract，The contract is the free product of their will to obtain a common legal performance。but，Once you leave the field of circulation or the field of commodity exchange，We will see，The appearance of the person in the play has changed。"The original currency owner as a capitalist，Go forward; Labor Pavilion as his worker，Follow the tail。A smile is full，ambitious; a trembling，Courageous，Like selling your own skin in the market，There is only one future -let people tannit。"" That is to say，The freedom of buying and selling in the field of circulation or the field of commodity exchanges is without means of production and living materials、The premise of the disharmony of workers who can only be forced to sell labor products。If the workers have freedom，Workers can only be forced to use labor as a freedom to sell goods。

At the same time，The freedom of capitalism is also a freedom to compete in the market。"Instead of free competition and social system and political system that is adapted to free competition、Economic and political rule of bourgeoisie。"Engels pointed out in" Communist and Carl Heinzen ":" Free competition is the last、The highest、The most developed existence form。Therefore, measures that start from the foundation of the private ownership and at the same time are reactionary，All tried to restore the low -level development stage of private ownership，Therefore，This measure will eventually fail in the face of competition，Restore this current social state。"Free competition is not only reflected in administration、Medical、Education and other aspects，and reflected in religion and belief。The thought of belief and freedom of religious freedom，Free competition occupies dominant positions in the field of faith，It can also be bet365 best casino games said to be the freedom of competition in the concept market。Freedom competition causes workers to suffer great pain，causing their hatred; free competition benefit the assets，Get their support。

It is the bourgeoisie to buy and sell freely、Free Trade、Freedom of free competition，Represents the unwillingness of workers who have nothing except the labor。This is because of，The bourgeois society does not eliminate class opposition，Just replaced the old compression conditions with new compression conditions，"Use open、Shameless、Direct、Bone -explicit exploitation instead of exploitation covered by religious fantasy and political fantasy "。So，Workers have no freedom to be exploited，Freedom of who is exploited，In the final analysis, it is still a kind of not freedom。The freedom of capitalism is different from the freedom of the feudal society，"It turns human dignity into exchange value，With a kind of freedom of trade without conscience replaced countless franchise and self -efforts, "is also different from the freedom of the development of communist society，"Replace the old social society that exists in the old -class bourgeois who exists in the class and class，will be such a consortium，Where，The free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development "。

　　Civilization paradox in capitalist society

The paradox of civilization is specifically manifested as the opposition of civilization and barbaric。Capitalist society is modern society、Civilized Society，But its formation and development is a bloody and violent、The barbaric process。"Modern Society 'is a capitalist society that exists in all civilized countries，It has more or less riding the impurities of the Middle Ages，more or less due to the special historical development of each country, which changed the form，More or less developed。”

As early as in the "Critical Outline of National Economics"，Engels mentioned the confrontation of the Chinese civilization and barbaric of the capitalist society: "You eliminated the small Bet365 app download monopoly，in order to make a huge fundamental monopoly，That is ownership，More freely、It is more unlimited; you bring civilization to all corners of the world，In order to win a new area to expand your despicable greed; you make the nations to establish a brother -like relationship -but this is the friendship of the thieves; you reduced the number of war，so as to make more money in a peaceful period，in order to make the hostility between everyone、Shameful competition war has reached the point of reaching its peak! "

In the "Communist Declaration"，Marx Engels has further analysis of the confrontation of civilization and barbaric。On the one hand，Due to the rapid improvement of production tools and extremely convenient transportation，The bourgeoisie rolled all the nation and even the most barbaric nation to civilization。On the other hand，It forces all nations to adopt the bourgeois production method，Implement the so -called civilization，It becomes an asset person。Just like it makes the countryside belong to the city，It enables the country where unbound and semi -open countries belong to a civilized country，Makes farmers' nations subordinate to the bourgeois nation，Make the East belong to the West。In Western Europe，Portugal、Spain、Netherlands、UK、France、Germany has successively become colonial countries。The control of the strong empire and the company's company，The ethnic group of agriculture and the unprepared and semi -open countries become their predatory raw materials、Sales products、Colonial and affiliated countries of squeezing wealth，and forced them to "use the bourgeois production method"。"Make the East belong to the West"，It is the control and rule of the bourgeoisie of the Western European countries that enable the East to be behind。This indicates，The bourgeoisie created the civilized world created by your own appearance，Is a serious imbalance world。

Due to the paradox of wealth、Free paradox and paradox of civilization，The demise of the bourgeoisie Bet365 lotto review is inevitable。Due to the paradox of wealth and the paradox of freedom，Workers in a factory、Workers in a certain labor department in a certain place、Workers across the country will fight with the bourgeoisie of the country; due to the paradox of civilization，The world's proletariat combined，Fighting for unity and coordination between democratic parties around the world，Fighting the same bourgeoisie itself。It is in this sense，The demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are also inevitable。

(Author Unit: The Institute of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)