Marx and Engels’ criticism bet365 games paradoxes of capitalist society
February 23, 2023 09:50 Source: "Chinese bet365 games Journal" Issue 2596, February 23, 2023 Author: Liu Shuhui

bet365 games

"The Communist Manifesto" is the first great work that comprehensively expounds the principles of scientific socialism,As soon as bet365 games came out, bet365 games promoted the development of world socialism in practice,Profoundly changed the course of human history。In The Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels used the scientific worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,The law of promoting social development based on the basic contradictions of society,Proposed that "the destruction of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable"。You can start from the three paradoxes of capitalist society,Understand the assertion that "the destruction of the bourgeoisie is inevitable"。

 The paradox of bet365 games in capitalist society

The paradox of wealth is embodied in the opposition between wealth accumulation and poverty accumulation。In "The Poverty of Philosophy",Marx pointed out,The relations of production within which the bourgeoisie operates have a dual character: within the relations of production that produce wealth, poverty also arises,In the production relations that develop productive forces, a force that produces oppression also develops。Only the continuous destruction bet365 games wealth of individual members bet365 games bourgeoisie,Produce a growing proletariat,In order to generate bourgeois wealth。

In "The Communist Manifesto",Marx and Engels specifically analyzed the opposition between the two types of accumulation。On the one hand,bet365 games the huge development of productivity and the accumulation of wealth。“The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than one hundred years of class rule,More than the total productivity created by all previous generations,Even bigger。”The fundamental condition for the survival and rule of the bourgeoisie is the accumulation of wealth in private hands,So bet365 games destroying the means of production day by day、The dispersed state of property and population,Dense the population,Centralize the means of production,Concentrating property in the hands of a few。On the other hand,bet365 games the accumulation of poverty。In "Wage Labor and Capital",Marx pointed out,Capital is based on wage labor,Wage labor is predicated on capital。The two restrict each other;The two produce each other。The wage labor performed by the worker produces the wealth of others that dominates it,That is, the power that is hostile to it—capital。The reason why it can obtain the means of living from capital,So wage labor will become part of capital,It will become a condition for once again investing capital into the leverage of accelerating growth movement。The more capital grows,The amount of hired labor increases,The number of hired workers increases,The competition among hired workers becomes more intense。Precisely because of the awareness of the contradiction between wage labor and capital,Marx and Engels naturally pointed out in the "Communist Manifesto": "Modern workers do the opposite,They do not rise with the progress of industry,But bet365 games increasingly falling below the living conditions of this class。Workers become destitute,Poverty is growing faster than population and wealth。”

In "Das Kapital",Marx further clarified the relationship between wealth accumulation and poverty accumulation: "At one pole is the accumulation of wealth,At the same time on the other pole,That is, in terms of the class that produces its own products as capital,bet365 games poverty、Labor torture、Slavery、Ignorance、The accumulation of boorishness and moral depravity。”

bet365 games precisely the accumulation of poverty,The bourgeoisie can no longer rule。All societies to date are based on the opposition between the oppressing class and the oppressed class,For the possibility of oppressing workers,The bourgeoisie must ensure that workers can at least barely maintain its slave-like living conditions。However,The bourgeoisie cannot guarantee that its slaves can maintain the life of slaves,Have to let his slave fall to the point where he cannot feed it but needs it to feed him。Society can no longer survive under the rule of the bourgeoisie,Therefore the destruction of the bourgeoisie is inevitable。Need to add something,The paradox of wealth in capitalist society is also represented by the opposition between wealth accumulation and ecological destruction,Since the Communist Manifesto does not deal with this opposition,So I won’t expand it here。

  The paradox of bet365 games in capitalist society

The paradox of freedom is embodied in the opposition between freedom and unfreedom。bet365 games capitalism is one that can be bought and sold in the market、Freedom to Trade,“Within the scope of today’s bourgeois production relations,The so-called freedom means free trade、Free to buy and sell”。In "Speech on Free Trade",Marx pointed out,The "freedom of trade" advertised by the bourgeoisie is essentially bet365 games capitalists to squeeze workers,It is also bet365 games capitalist countries to amass wealth at the expense of other nations。The free trade system is disintegrating hitherto various peoples,Bringing the antagonism between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie to its peak,Thus accelerating social revolution。In Capital,Marx analyzed bet365 games buying and selling。To convert money into capital,The possessor of money must find free workers in the commodity market。The freedom mentioned here has a double meaning: on the one hand,Workers are free persons,Be able to use your labor power as a commodity;On the other hand,He has no other goods to sell,Free to have nothing,There are no means of production and means of living necessary to realize one's own labor force。Labor power or labor ability is present in a person’s body、The sum of physical and mental energy he uses whenever he produces some practical value。The sale and purchase of labor power takes place within the boundaries of the circulation field or the commodity exchange field,Freedom reigns here、Equality、Ownership and Bentham。The reason for freedom,Because buyers and sellers of commodities (such as labor power) only depend on their own free will,Them as free、Legal equals enter into a contract,The contract is the free product by which their wills obtain a common legal expression。But,Once you leave the field of circulation or commodity exchange,We will see,The appearance of the people in the play has changed。“The original possessor of money as a capitalist,Move forward with your head held high;The possessor of labor power as his worker,Following behind。A smiling face,Ambitious;A trembling person,Haunted,Like selling one’s skin in the market,There is only one future - let others tanning。”That is to say,Freedom of buying and selling in the field of circulation or commodity exchange means that there are no means of production and means of living、Based on the unfreedom of workers who can only be forced to sell their labor power。If workers have freedom,Workers are only free if they are forced to sell their labor power as a commodity。

At the same time,bet365 games capitalism is also the freedom to compete in the market。“Replaced by free competition and social and political systems compatible with free competition、The economic and political rule of the bourgeoisie。"Engels pointed out in "Communists and Karl Heinzen": "Free competition is the last resort of private property、Highest、The most developed form of existence。Therefore, all measures that proceed from the basis of private ownership while opposing free competition are reactionary,They are all trying to restore the low stage of development of private ownership,Therefore,This kind of measure will eventually fail in the face of competition,Restore the current social state。”Free competition is not only reflected in administration、Medical、Education, etc.,And reflected in religion and belief。Ideological expression of freedom of belief and freedom of religion,Free competition dominates the field of faith,It can also be said to be bet365 games competition in the market of ideas。Free competition causes workers to suffer great pain,causing their hatred;Free competition benefits capitalists,Get their support。

It is the bourgeoisie that buys and sells freely、Free Trade、Freedom of free competition,Represents the unfreedom of workers who have nothing but labor power。This is because,Bourgeois society has not eliminated class antagonisms,It just replaces the old conditions of oppression with new conditions of oppression,"Use public、Shameless、Direct、Explicit exploitation replaces exploitation masked by religious and political fantasies”。So,Workers have no freedom from exploitation,The only freedom is to be exploited by someone,In the final analysis, it is still a kind of unfreedom。bet365 games capitalism is different from bet365 games feudal society,“It turns human dignity into exchange value,Replacing countless chartered and self-earned freedoms with a conscienceless freedom of trade”;It is also different from bet365 games development in communist society,"Replacing the old bourgeois society with classes and class antagonisms,It will be such a union,There,Everyone’s free development is the condition for the free development of all people”。

  The paradox of civilization in capitalist bet365 games

The paradox of civilization is embodied in the opposition between civilization and barbarism。Capitalist society is modern society、Civilized Society,But its formation and development are full of blood and violence、Barbaric process。“‘Modern society’ is the capitalist society that exists in all civilized countries,bet365 games more or less free of medieval impurities,Changed more or less due to the specific historical development of each kingdom,There is more or less development。”

As early as in "Outline of Critique of National Economics",Engels mentioned the opposition between civilization and barbarism in capitalist society: "You eliminated small monopolies,In order to make a huge fundamental monopoly,i.e. ownership,more freely、Works without restrictions;You bring civilization to every corner bet365 games world,In order to win new territories to expand your despicable greed;You have established a brotherly relationship among all nations - but this is a brotherhood of thieves;You have reduced the number of wars,To make more money in peacetime,In order to create hostility between individuals、The shameful competitive war reaches its peak!”

In "The Communist Manifesto",Marx and Engels further analyzed the opposition between civilization and barbarism。On the one hand,Due to the rapid improvement of production tools and extremely convenient transportation,The bourgeoisie has drawn all nations, even the most barbaric ones, into civilization。On the other hand,It forces all nations to adopt the bourgeois mode of production,Promote so-called civilization,Become an asset owner。Just as it subordinates the countryside to the city,It subordinates savage and semi-civilized nations to civilized nations,Making the nation of peasants subordinate to the nation of the bourgeoisie,Making the East subordinate to the West。In Western Europe,Portugal、Spain、Netherlands、UK、France、Germany became a colonial country one after another。They were controlled through powerful empires and joint-stock companies,Convert agricultural peoples and uncivilized and semi-civilized countries into raw materials for their plunder、Promote products、Colonies and dependencies that extract wealth,And force them to "adopt the bourgeois mode of production"。"Making the East subordinate to the West",bet365 games to make the backward agricultural countries in the East subject to the control and rule of the bourgeoisie of Western European countries。This shows,The civilized world created by the bourgeoisie for itself according to its own appearance,bet365 games a severely imbalanced and deformed world。

 Because of the paradox of wealth、The paradox of freedom and the paradox of civilization,The demise of the bourgeoisie is inevitable。Because of the paradox of wealth and the paradox of freedom,Worker of a certain factory、Workers in a certain labor department in a certain place、Workers across the country unite to fight against the country’s bourgeoisie;Because of the paradox of civilization,Proletarians of the world unite,Strive for unity and coordination among democratic parties around the world,Fight against the bourgeoisie itself。bet365 games in this sense,The demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable。

(Author’s unit: Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of bet365 games)

Editor: Cui Cen
二维码图标2.jpg
Highly recommended
Latest article
Picture
bet365 games
Video

Friendly links:

Website registration number: Beijing Public Network Security bet365 games. 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:

bet365 games rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine. No reproduction or use without permission is allowed

Chief editor’s email: zzszbj@126.com Contact information of this website: 010-85886809 Address: Floor 11-12, Building 1, bet365 games. 15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Postal Code: 100026