Under the influence of the Soviet Marxist theoretical system，"Civil Society" and "Community" and other categories have long been regarded as immature factors in the early theory of Marx。In recent years，Many domestic scholars' reflection on this theoretical system，The emergence of translated by foreign Marxist scholars，Especially the concept of General Secretary Xi Jinping's concept of "Community of Human Destiny"，Provided us with an opportunity to re -examine the concept of Marx's "community"。In essence，The concept of the "Community" itself is a dynamic constant change in the category of the constant changes in Marx's thoughts。If "people's liberation" is the theme and purpose of Marx's philosophy，Then the "Community" theory is a solid cornerstone and guarantee for its purpose to achieve this purpose。

　　Bet365 lotto review Refutation of the "Community" view of Hegel

From the perspective of philosophy，The concept of "Community" can be traced back to Aristotle's "Niger Marco Ethics"。Aristotle thinks，Citizen's ethical ideals, that is, the pursuit of a happy life must be realized in the community (political city state)，Only in the political city -state can "become people with virtue、Can make noble behavior "。After more than 2000 years，In the "Ethics" chapter in "Principles of Law Philosophy"，Hegel establishes a set of positives with "family", "civil society" and "national"、Anti -、Three -stage theory。Hegel stands on the perspective of absolute spirit，peeping at the "need system" in "Civil society"，People are in the calculations that violate rationality，Therefore, he tried to abandon the unreasonable ingredients of these human nature with the "national deeds on the ground"。

As we know，Kant tried to defend human freedom and dignity in the way of "moral rhythm"; Hegel bet365 Play online games tried to enable everyone to obtain "physical freedom" by "sublimating" as a country as a country.。The young Marx committed to "people's liberation" is dissatisfied with Kant and Hegel's abstract freedom，In a doctoral dissertation，Marx's "I Hate All God" as the philosophy of Promosus's "I hate all God"，Because he opposes that "does not recognize that people's self -consciousness is the highest god and the gods on the ground"。Therefore, Marx uses the "Atomic Plane Movement" to sing the "mental loader"，The personal freedom and liberation of the symbol of "Atomic's Polarized Movement" also implies the highest pursuit of the Marx community's thoughts。Although Marx's thought at this time is still an immature "rebellion" in the Hegel philosophy system，But the "mental loader" will not be satisfied with the abstract pure concept restraint，It will eventually push into the fire of the actual reality，Glow in the real world!

In the reflection on the "community" view of Hegel，Marx gradually pierced Hegel's concept myth。Under the influence of Ferbaha after that,，Marx began to question Hegel's "Unreal Community" -the political state，and began a conquest of the absolute spirit -the "Political State" of Hegel decided to adopt the Ferbaha -style "Master Insurance"，This is a conclusion that the "civic society" determines the "political country"。In "On the Jewish Problem"，Marx analyzed the essence of "civic society" on the one hand，"Actual need、Principles of self -ism is the principle of civil society "，Another side criticize the "political country"，It is pointed out that the state not only cannot abolish people's various differences in reality，Instead，"Political State" only feel your universality。

Historical Materialism In the early "Community" thought

In "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844"，Marx shaped the "community" thought for the first time。Here，Marx's method of learning with Fernbaha people，3000_3024、Anti Bet365 lotto review -、Heart three discussions。Ferbaha in the "Principles of Future Philosophy" has a description of the essence of "class" that is, human nature，"I amolation、Individual people，Whether it is a moral entity or a thinking entity，Nothing has the essence of human beings。The essence of a person is only included in the group，It is included in the unity of people，But this unity is just based on the reality of the difference between ‘self’ and ‘you’.。Marx, who borrowed the concept of Ferbaha "class", also regards people who have not lost their essence as a "life -like life" person，The various contradictions between people and nature here have not been highlighted，Nature exists as a person's inorganic body。However, after the distortion of private property and alienation labor，People have lost their existence of "class existence"，and was put on the shackles，Loss of freedom。Finally, the "alienation state of alienation" with the discarding private property as the intermediary -as a community of communism，People have re -controlled the existence created by themselves but opposite themselves。The liberation that people get in communist society is not universal，Instead, a material and spiritual world is extremely rich、The era of people's personality development，is the era of freedom and liberation。The community of "Communism" depicts the following vision for us: it is human and nature、contradiction between people; workers re -occupy the humanization of humanization as products and wealth，Natural re -re -use as an extension of human limbs，Just as food is the natural premise of the human digestive system。After the establishment of historical materialism，This philosophical language will obviously be reproduced in the scientific form of economics。

After experiencing "The History of History", the "Overnight of Historical Materialism"，Marx finally reflects on Ferbaha's "Topo Study" architecture，bet365 Play online games and after the initial formation of historical materialism thought，The reason why Hegel is fell into an illusion on the "community"，The result is "German Idea"。Here，​​Marx has analyzed the "false community"，Pointing out the class attribute of freedom，"The social status of each person，So their personal development is determined by class，They belong to class "。corresponding，In the "real community" of the "false community" of the proletarian revolution，"Each person gains your own freedom in your own union and through this combination"，So as to truly realize human liberation。But，World Historical Thoughts with the division of labor，It's just Marx's preliminary use of historical materialism，"Community" here only appeared as a result: if the "community" theory is regarded as a three -stage expression，At this moment "German Ideology" contains only "anti -questions" ("false community") and "cooperative questions" ("real community")，So what is the "community" of the "topic"? How can these three -paragraph transformation be achieved?。

　　Criticism of political economicsThe historic traceability of the community

In the first hand draft of "Capital"，Marx launched a historic reflection on the default premise of "hiring labor" in the Capital Chapter。If "Capital Theory" is to adopt logical investigations and explore the secrets of self -production in the various factors in capitalist production methods，Then the "before the method of capitalist production" in the first -hand manuscript adopts a historic attitude towards the capitalist production method。It is here，The common "topic" lacking in the form、The original original appearance of human production activities -the origin community was unlocked。

Marx sets dual regulations for employment labor first: free labor，and free labor and currency exchanged for value value -added; separation of labor and all phases，Confrontation of labor ability and labor Bet365 app download conditions。Marx tried。

In this origin of a community，Labor and all (prerequisite for material)，That is, "the workers put the objective conditions of their labor" in the unlimited natural same state，The former regards the latter as his own property; therefore, the possibility of the workers will be grasped in their hands with the possibility (labor ability) and the basis (labor data) of labor results，Itself is the manifestation of the reality of labor capabilities，Personal is all prerequisite for the premise，Natural nature is part of the human body，It's like an extension of his body，Food naturally is the need for the digestive system，People are both owners and members of the community of workers。This view is the concept that Marx has always upheld in "1844 Manuscript of Economics Philosophy"。After the establishment of labor and all the origin，Marx divided three common tense ownership based on labor and all different manifestations: Asian's ownership form、Ancient ownership form、The ownership form of the Germana。

From the people in the origin of the origin to the workers in the modern bourgeois society，The disintegration of the origin community is the product of history。So what is the historical opportunity to promote the disintegration of the community? Which community has self -disintegration、What about the potential of its own setting? Marx thinks，In this chaos，People of Asia are satisfied with self -sufficient life，Sleeping in the embrace of the community and delivering the results of labor to the community，The possibility of exchange has been strangled。and the ancient form of ownership of ancient times, because of the prosperity of slavery, has the potential of self -disintegration，But it has not promoted the ability of self -transcendence，In other words，Under the ownership of ancient times，Although the currency infiltrates every corner of the society，But there is no shadow of free labor here。

and in the ownership form of the Germanic，"bet365 live casino games Every single family is an economy as a whole，It itself constitutes an independent production center alone "。The community exists only in the relationship between the individual owner，The labor behavior here is purely "self -interest"，Only under personal ownership，Individual labor exists，This common body does not play an intermediary role like ancient ownership，The remaining labor contains the possibility of self -domination。Based on this，Currency relations replaced the feudal relationship，Liberation of farmers as "free labor"，Under the dual action of the relationship between free labor and currency，Employment labor can appear logically。

　　Time Economics—— The disintegration of capital and the reinstatement of the community

After the disintegration of the Germanic community，A new existence -civic society appears，Unfortunately, since the birth of civil society, it has been wrapped in capitalist production methods，The original freedom was replaced by a free labor，and with the expansion of this "collapse"，Destroyer also destroyed the form of ownership of Asia and ancient。In other words，The world market has formed，It shrouded everything under capital，The liberation of people seems to be an impossible thing。

But does the community disappear? of course not。For capitalist production methods，"Capital Theory" on the one hand shows the "self -appreciation" nature of capital to the fullest，On the other hand, it shows the civilization of capital with a full -scale historical phenomenon。During the leap from commodity capital to monetary capital，Capital leaves us with colorful condensing items using value。The trend of living labor and reduction of necessary labor for capital expansion，At the same time, it also promotes the "time economy" that workers control their own comprehensive development，Obviously，"The great historical aspect of capital is to create this remaining labor"。and let the capital's reinstatement for the Bet365 app download community adds bricks is Marx's job in "Capital"。

"The scrolls of history are always spreading forward; Huazhang of the times always write in the new struggle"，Grandi pointed out in "Notes in Prison"，Communism is not just people’s spiritual sustenance，Communism exists in people’s practice。With the proposal of General Secretary Xi Jinping's "Community of Human Destiny"，With the long history and endless history，Marx's community vision will eventually realize itself from the theory to reality。

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)