When philosophy is understood as a system of pure rational speculation，Therefore, rationality is expanded according to its own logic and constituted the foundation of society，History is ignored anyway。Even in Hegel, which shows a huge sense of historical，Although the starting point of its philosophical construction is history，But because the final destination is logic，History is actually "history that is understood conceptually"。If it is said to be 1845，Marx's founding of materialist history，Put forward "people's society determines people’s consciousness"。Since then，History and logic no longer unify in the self -activity of spirit or concept，Philosophy truly realized the return from the world of rational self -discipline to the real life process。The extraordinary significance of this "regression" is to reveal the thought、Concept or consciousness is not the master of history，On the contrary，They are all produced from the process of social life，All are restricted by the production method of material life。So，The most important thing is to clarify the internal homogeneous relationship between philosophy and social reality，Give rational social historical positioning。From this once again, "German Ideology"，Marx's identification "We only know the only science，That is historical science "is also specially meaning。No doubt，The historical view of materialism is manifested as the science after the "end" of historical philosophy。Because of the end of the speculation，Bet365 lotto review Facing real life，The statement about consciousness will inevitably be described by the empirical sciences of people's practical activities and actual development processes，The description of reality will cause any independent philosophy to lose living space。It is also in this sense that，Marx completed a profound philosophical change: only in the inner logic of social reality，The reflection and criticism of philosophy can be achieved。

Heidegger once pointed out very keenly，Marx's deeper into the "essential once" of history when I realize alienation，Therefore, its views on history are far more superior than other history。The so -called "essential" of history here refers to social reality。but but，Just emphasizing that starting from social reality is not enough to show the scientific vision of Marx's historical narrative。After all，Before Marx，Classical political economics has already explored the general law of social development from objective economic reality，Hegel's speculative philosophy also opened a road to understand the reality of human society。So，The question is more fundamentally related to how to understand and grasp social reality。The obvious is，When Marx's penetrating rational and speculative fog enters the real life，He clearly realizes that the world of life around humans is by no means a kind of directly existing in the world、The consistent thing，but the product of industrial and social conditions，is the product of history。Here，"History" has gained a methodology of social cognition，That is to say，Especially the key is to start a historic analysis of social reality。This historic analysis，On the one hand，Affirmation bet365 live casino games of social and historical development has its objective laws。Marx thinks，There is a "timeless" economic structure in the complex and changeable social life，The production and reproduction of material life，It and productivity、Production relationship (economic foundation) and the interaction between upper -level buildings is deeply related。The process of change is "history"，Often manifested as the expansion of this economic structure。On the other hand，Marx does not talk about the possibility of history，Instead, it is emphasized that it is necessary to pay full attention to the specific historical situation that caused historical events to occur。"Historical Situation" is not a simple addition of various elements，Instead of encounter in the form of "combining" in the form of "combination"。Here，"The historical ground and temporary nature of production in a certain era" jumped out。

On this way，The essential differences between Marx and classical political economics and Hegel are also obvious。Dested，When Marx returns to social reality，He does not return to the world of life，It faces and explores social reality with historical regulations，That is modern capitalist society。The very clear is，Although it is also focused on capitalist society，The entire interpretation structure of classical political economy is "Super History"。Where they，Capitalist production methods are considered the most natural way，The economic category is regarded as an eternal law，instead of "historic law -just suitable for a certain historical development stage、The economic category is regarded as an eternal law。Taking the understanding of capital as an example，bet365 best casino games The reason why Marx surpassed Smith and others did not simply start from the perspective of "social relations" rather than "things"，He actually insightly aware that "Capital is by no means a simple relationship，but a process，Capital is always capital in various different elements of this process。Therefore, this process needs to be explained "。Hegel's theory construction certainly does not lack the perspective of the reality of the capitalist society，Otherwise, he will not be so annoying to analyze the inherent contradictions of the "selfishness" and "universal" of the civic society in the "Principles of Law Philosophy"。Not to mention，The history of its historical philosophy has no previous example to prove that there is a development in history、A inner contact。But different from Hegel，Marx's attention is not the self -knowledge of "absolute spirit"，Instead, it is the "real individual" engaged in a certain material production in history creation，"History is just the activity of a person who pursues his purpose"。All his philosophical words about history point to a clear theme，This is how to break the domination of capital logic，Realize the liberation of the proletariat and humans。

but but，Use production method to replace speculative rationality，Then, when examining the power mechanism bet365 live casino games of social and historical changes, it is on the contradiction between productivity and production relations，Especially to give productivity to the decisive role of "in the end"，This theoretical operation made Marx suffer many solutions and criticism later。You can see，Originance in the second international，Understand Marx as a economic decision -making person，The historical narrative bet365 live casino games is regarded as a capital linear historical concept once was quite popular。At the same time，As a rebellion，From Lukaccic to the Frankfurt School, all emphasizing the subjectivity play，It is expected to liberate Marx's historical narrative from the entanglement of mechanical decision theory。where，Alduse is undoubtedly unable to bypass it。In order to surpass the "orthodox" interpretation of the second international and the interpretation of humanistic interpretation，He not only removes the "overall" category from Hegel，Perseverance as a non -main process that interacts with all factors and thus "excessive decision"。By constructing "materialism that meets by chance"，Alduse can be said to redefine the historical epistemology of Marxism。Despite the basic position of materialism when examining history，But he does not advocate the change of history as the inevitable process of its endpoint that can be predicted，Instead, it is identified that it is full of unrealsed changes and accidental。Here，Use "accidental encounter" to replace a certain production method in Marx's vision，Alduse Ji Ji get rid of the tradition of the idealism of idealism，Provide a new materialist historical narrative logic based on the "incident"。According to Badio's definition，An incident represents a "exception" that is always unable to be completely melted by the situation，It is the real broken force within all situations。As Qi Zeke said: "In the case of no preparation，An appalling and unexpected thing suddenly happened，thus breaking the rhythm of usual life; these emergencies are not signs，There may not be the cause that can be detected，Their appearance does not seem bet365 live casino games to be based on any stable things。"Materialist historical narrative marked under Alduse is to" facing events，Including events that are still unimaginable and all living practice and politics,，Think about the openness of the world "。

We can’t say that this theoretical construction of Alduse has no basis。Dested，Even in the widely popular understanding，The historical view of materialism is considered to reveal the general process and general law of social history development，Marx especially emphasizes the decisive role of the economic structure，He is not completely ignored about historical accidents。The key to the problem is，If the search for the political strategy of liberation is the meaning of the question of the historical view of materialism，Then the development of political practice is inseparable from the identification and grasp of accidental factors and composition in the historical process。As Marx pointed out in the letter from Marx in April 1871: "If the struggle is only under the condition of absolute favorable opportunities,，So it is too easy to create world history。On the other hand，If ‘accidental’ does not work any effect，Then world history will have a very mysterious nature。... The acceleration and delay of development depends to a large extent on the，Among them, the character of those characters standing at the forefront of sports from the beginning。"Here，We may wish to borrow Badio's point of view，History is involved in two types of time: one is a relatively static time，There is no novelty that really happens; the other is "event" time，It will break the stable state of the established order，Causes fast and fierce changes。The decisive bet365 Play online games factor of historical necessity is important，Incidental occurrence of the incident is also indispensable。A splash of an event moment often causes a situation and condition，The possibility of liberating politics is whether individuals can seize these fleeting situations and conditions，The ability to be the main body of the incident into a revolutionary。

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