PPP (PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP) mode，Refers to the government department and the private sector (organization)，To provide better public services，Based on a franchise agreement，A cooperation mode of "win -win" or "win -win" through a contract。A large number of practice certificates at home and abroad，PPP mode is one of the effective ways of the construction and operation of public stadiums。

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In the construction and operation of large stadiums，my country has begun to actively explore the PPP mode。But in the construction and operation of small and medium -sized fitness venues，It rarely involves this mode。This provides a broad development space for the introduction of the PPP mode in the construction and operation of the national fitness venue。

First，Local governments urgently need to introduce PPP models to reduce fiscal and technical pressure。With the enhancement of the health awareness of residents and the implementation of the national fitness plan，Residents' demand for fitness exercises is growing，Existing sports facilities are difficult to meet demand。2016，Notification of the State Council's "National Fitness Plan (2016-2020)"，Emphasizing the need to promote the construction of public sports facilities，Focus on building a county (city、District)、Township (street)、Administrative Village (community) The national fitness facilities network and the urban community 15 -minute fitness circle，Let the per capita stadium area reach 1.8 square meters; effectively expand incremental resources，Focus on the construction of a number of small and medium -sized stadiums bet365 live casino games that are convenient for the people。New construction of national fitness venues、Reconstruction and maintenance requires a lot of funds，And need professional business management，This has brought a certain pressure to some local governments with limited conditions。Introduction to PPP mode，Can effectively help local governments to crack these problems。

2，PPP mode is conducive to solving the dilemma of "flowing" of social capital。Since the reform and opening up，Social capital gain explosive growth，But its contribution to the field of infrastructure investment is limited。On the one hand，A large number of social capital "flow off"，Enter private lending through private financial organizations、Stock、Real Estate and other markets，To get huge profits through the "low in high" method，Bring a huge risk to the stable development of the national economy。On the other hand，Construction of public stadiums、Operation and maintenance costs high，Government's financial monopoly。PPP mode can introduce social capital into public service construction projects，While allowing social capital to obtain long -term stable reasonable profits，Promote local governments to implement the national fitness plan faster with less financial investment。

third，Policy guidance to build a bridge for the introduction of PPP mode。2013，To build and improve my country's public service system，The Ministry of Finance vigorously promotes the PPP mode nationwide，Help PPP project implementation。2014，The State Council put forward in the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Sports Industry to Promote Sports Consumption"，Basically covered the whole people in 2025。2019，The State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the National Fitness and Sports Consumption to bet365 live casino games Promote the High -quality Development of the Sports Industry"，Promoting the sports industry becomes a pillar industry in the national economy，Actively implement national fitness actions。A series of policies in the country provides new opportunities for social capital to enter the sports industry。In the construction and operation of the infrastructure of sports public service infrastructure in my country，PPP mode played an increasingly important role。

　　Improve the PPP mode development mechanism

Construction and operation of national fitness venues in PPP mode，Starting points should be based on the needs of the masses of the people，To enhance the cooperation between enterprises and the government、Communication、The ability to negotiate is the focus，Reshape the government、Market、The relationship between the diverse governance subjects such as the public，The scientific and orderly development of the construction and operation of the construction and operation of national fitness venues。

First，Improve the management system。From the perspective of out -of -domain experience，The operation and management of PPP projects are mostly PPP centers as the core，In different government governance models，The institution settings of the PPP center are different。Current，There are three major PPP project management modes in the world，Including a central leading mode represented by Britain and South Korea、Place autonomous mode represented by the United States and Australia、Parallel mixing mode represented by Germany and France。As far as our current national conditions are concerned，PPP project management selection central leading mode is appropriate。Specifically，Do two aspects of work。1 To clarify the central regulatory agency of the PPP project。You can learn from the British mode，Establish a special bet365 live casino games PPP regulatory department in the financial department，Track supervision of the PPP project。or，Give the existing management department's relevant authority，Regular inspection of PPP projects。Second, to form a professional management team。Construction PPP project professional management team，Repeatable work can be improved、Poor decision -making effects and other problems。other，Excessive market -oriented PPP management is not suitable for my country's national conditions and PPP model development stage，It is necessary to have a professional management team to guide and manage private investors。

2，Promote the construction of legal system。With the PPP model, it is becoming more and more widely used in my country's project construction，Policies and regulations of social capital participating in public services from the central government to the local area，To a certain extent, it promoted the development of the PPP mode，But the legal system specifically targeted at the PPP project is not mature。Some policy documents released by the State Council and related ministries and commissions，greatly promoted and regulated the development of the PPP project，But policy documents have strong targeted but lack of persistence，Not conducive to the steady advancement of the PPP project。Another，Policy documents issued by relevant departments focus on universal characteristics，Lack of operability in guiding PPP projects in different fields。As far as the PPP project is involved in the construction and operation of national fitness venues，Project involving sports facilities bidding、Procurement、Land、Contract、Tax、Franchise operation and other complex procedures，Many supportive policies stay at the incentive level，Lack of effectiveness and operability of policy bet365 live casino games implementation，Leading social capital to be confused。Therefore，Relevant competent departments urgently need to formulate the operating procedures for the construction and operation of the PPP project to participate in the construction and operation of national fitness venues，Clarify the project application process、Investment field、Financing mode，Construction of operation management、Risk sharing、Mechanisms in interest protection。

third，Perfect the evaluation system。Evaluation system includes at least two aspects: the feasibility assessment standard of the PPP project of public sports facilities and the quality evaluation standard of public sports facilities。December 2015，The Ministry of Finance issued the "PPP Evaluation Guidelines (Trial)"，From project design、Investment financing、Construction、Operation and maintenance and other links，Methods combined with qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation，Judgment and evaluate the value of the PPP project。At the same time，This guidelines also include "Evaluation of Property Evaluation Working Facultates" and "Evaluation Expert Scoring Table"，It is used to make feasibility judgments on the PPP project。Although it is not specially formulated for the construction of public sports facilities，But also provides a reference for the feasibility assessment of the PPP project of public sports facilities。At the same time，To prevent private enterprises in PPP projects to reduce costs、Chasing profits and leading to the project quality problems，Evaluation standards for formulating public sports facilities are also very necessary。

Fourth，Innovation financing method。Current，my country's financial system reform has achieved certain results，But the financing of private bet365 best casino games enterprises、The problem of high cost still exists。2015，The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Development Bank jointly issued the "Notice on Promoting Development Finance Supporting Government and Social Capital Cooperation Works" proposed，To strengthen coordination，Actively introduce foreign -funded enterprises、private enterprises、Central Enterprise、Various market entities such as local state -owned enterprises，Flexible use of fund investment、Bank loan、Issuing various financial tools such as bonds，Promote the establishment of diversified、Sustainable PPP project fund guarantee mechanism。This measure provides strong policy support for the widening PPP project financing channel。

Fifth，Build an information platform。In the public sports facility construction project，There are problems with the degree of inconsistency of the project between the government and social capital。The goal of social capital is to gain economic benefits。When you cannot fully understand the project information，Social capital is difficult to scientifically demonstrate the project，Instead of making a correct assessment of the economic benefits of the project。Therefore，Government departments should increase the transparency of PPP project information of public sports facilities，Participate in attracting social capital。The PPP project information disclosure platform should be established in sports public facilities，Timely and accurately disclose public sports facilities PPP project information，This is not only beneficial to participating in the company to make scientific decisions，It is also conducive to the government to supervise the PPP project。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Cross -Border Bet365 lotto review Integration Development Development of the Yangtze River Delta" (19BTY060)、The National Social Science Fund General Project "Research on Sports Development Model of Resource Sharing Community in the Internet Times" (16bty073) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Physical Education, Changzhou University; Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University)