The national rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty is the core content of the research of the Western Zhou history。Insignant literature records the internal and external service systems in the Shang and Zhou dynasties，But because of all kinds of statements to learn from each other and reprimand each other，There is always controversy in the ancient and modern historians。In recent years, with archeological work and Oracle、Progress of Jinwen Shi Reading Work，Internal and external service systems are indeed in a historical period, not national power operation methods with virtual language，More and more recognized and valued by the academic community。

"Shangshu · Jiu Ji" recovered the form of the service system of the Shang Dynasty: "The more you take it，Hou、Dian、Male、Guard、Bang Bo; the more you take it，Hundred Minister Yin、Weiya、Weifu、Zonggong，The more the people、Liju "，This is the earliest record of the two -service two -service system with clear division of labor。In the later ancient books，"Serving" is described as three services ("Yi Zhou Book · Wanghui")、Five Series ("Mandarin · Zhou Yu Shang", "Shang Shu · Yu Gong")、Jiufu ("Zhou Li · Xia Guan · Director Fang's") and other different forms。Among them, the "five -service" records in "bet365 best casino games Mandarin · Zhou Yu" are the most complete: "The Skills of the King of the Pioneer，Bangnendian Service，Outside Hou Yu; Hou Wei Bin Service，Barbarians want to take，Rongdi Wilderness。"" Server，Could also ("Erya Shi"); things，Top ("Said the Word")，That is the meaning of work。Zhou people often call the Wang family affairs or in -state affairs "inner"，Jin Wen can see "inner history" (Qiu Weizheng)、"Inner Yin" (卣) The names of the officials; relative，Although foreign affairs are not directly called "foreign affairs"，But Jin Wenzhong appears "Quartet" and other orientation nouns，The referral to the referral must be the vassal states and the four crickets outside the kingbang。Therefore，The basic form of the service internally and outside the service。

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty，Facing Ji Zhou noble、The political situation of a large number of allies of the surnames and a large number of Yin Ren people，Zhou people inherited the business of the businessman，and a large change of change。This change is mainly manifested in the institutionalization of the laid behavior。Merchants often laid the conquered people in a specific area in the outskirts of Wangcheng，Called "Dain", "South Lai", "Being Lai", etc.。At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the dynasty followed the business and made in Zong Zhou、Similar administrative areas are set up near the two capitals of Cheng Zhou to set up the people。Different from the Shang bet365 Play online games Dynasty is，In the golden text，This indicates that the layout of the Zhou Dynasty began to assume more political functions。In addition to the function of the Settlement of Yin Lisa，In the golden text of the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wang also appeared in the record of the important surnames of the same surname of the same surname。The nobles of the same surname、虢 虢 虢 During this period, it was sealed，formed a well -laiding、Lainz and other tribes。Therefore，The internal service of Yin and Shang dynasties centered on Wangcheng Hundred Officials，The institutionalization of this behavior with Zhou Wang's landing land、Normalization，Transforming into the Western Zhou Dynasty service system composed of the local uncle and the dynasty Qingshi。The institutionalization of the acting behavior is the core mechanism of the change of system change within the Western Zhou Dynasty，Therefore, this system can be called "laying service"。"Lain" and "Dian" can be connected near，Later generations often mix in the process of writing of the literature，So that later generations will be confused by the "Dian" in the "Laureate" of the Western Zhou Dynasty and "Wine"，Sui concealed the true connotation of the "Dian (Lain) Server"。

After Wu Wang Ke Shang，How to rule Zhou Gong、The vast territory laid since the king of the king，Is the core question facing Zhou people。Face this rule，Zhou people inherited and changed bet365 best casino games the business of the businessman。"Shangshu · Jiu Yan" in the record of the Yin system，"Hou、Dian、Male、Guard "belongs to foreign service，"Hou’s job is to scout the king，Dian's job is for Wang Zhitian，Wei’s job is defending the king。‘Male’ ’ -ofry‘ Ren ’，Its position is for Wang Tan "，Four to receive different powers。Zhou people will seal the princes as the core of the foreign service system，Formed a more effective rule。

Hou uniforms in the Western Zhou Dynasty passed the sealing and regulating realization of Zhou Wang，Generally, the children of the nobles surnamed Ji，The most typical Houfu vassal country is divided into Qi、Lu，Swallows in the North、Xing，Zeng Guo in the South, etc.。The unearthed materials also provide several kinds of uniforms that have not been recorded in the past literature，The most typical is the Shishan Pan inscription released in 2002。Pan Ming records Zhou Wang sent officials Shi Shan to supervise the princesHou Xiangyu、The historical facts of Gongner, which are recruited by the Fang Kingdom of Jing，The inscription directly reveals the "Zhou Dynasty's dominance mode for the Fang State of the remote areas"，The inscription also records the specific obligations of Houfu and the rule of the ruler，That is "Da Tan" (that is, Tian Tian)、"Following" (Determination of the Border)、"Six 孳" (Gongna grain)。From this we know，Western Zhou Dynasty "Hou"，In essence, Hou forms Bet365 app download a rule in the local area，Jurisdiction of the surrounding party as a local manager; and this management system is also subject to supervision by Zhou Tianzi's dispatched officials，Such a meticulous system allows local product resources、Gongnana, etc., timely and effectively transported to Zhou Wangyu，Realize the effective management of the dynasty's local。The Western Zhou Dynasty is effective in controlling the country，Will be set up by the establishment of various prisons、Book of Hou Guo's main Qingshi method to realize its supervision and control。2010，The inscription unearthed from Gaoqing Chenzhuang in Shandong records that Zhou Wang Book is drawn "Si Qi"，Manage the Qi State Army。Based on the record of the "Master of the Teacher" and "Following the Long" in combination with the inscription division of the Si Mi，It shows that the restrictions of the Zhou royal family to serve Hou Guo are an important supplement to this system。

The important surname Fang Bo Zhou people generally call it "Bin Service"，recorded in the documents such as "Zhou Li" as "Sui Fu"，This is the righteousness "Bin Gong Tianzi、Huai Laiyuan people "meaning。Description of bronze inscriptions such as nail plates，It can be seen that the tribe of the southeast region Fang Guo "not only pays the old -fashioned family as the ancient literature, but also the tribute to the Zhou royal family and the local specialty products， Also pay the Bet365 app download valley and regularly serve the Zhou royal family "。"Emissions is also" ("Guangya · Shi Yan")，Therefore, the Zhou people generally refer to the southeast of various ethnic groups as "taking"; different，Zhou people call the northwest ministion "" waste "，Few tribral tribute in historical books，This is due to the part of the west、The reason for the poor supplies。With Hou service as the center，Uniform，Governance to serve、Wasteless clothing，This constitutes the foreign service system of the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Compared with the Shang Dynasty, "Hou、Dian、Male、Guard、Bang Bo "This is a relatively loose jurisdiction mode，Zhou people’s foreign service system is undoubtedly more specific。dynasty、Internal Server -Hou Guo -The Three -level Rule of Local Tribunal effectively maintains the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty，It also shows that the service system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, especially the foreign service system, has broken through the political system with blood as the core of the Shang Dynasty，The form of geopolitical rule began。In the Western Zhou Dynasty、The change of the external service system effectively consolidated and promoted the rule of the Zhou Dynasty，It played a very important role in the history of the dynasty。

(This article is the major national philosophy and social sciences research project "Outside of the Western Zhou Dynasty Golden Clearance and Research" (12&ZD138) Staged results)

(Author Unit: College Bet365 app download of History of Beijing Normal University)