In recent years，Building a discipline bet365 bonus code pa of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics、Academic bet365 bonus code pa、Discourse bet365 bonus code pa，has become an important mission for our country’s philosophy and social science workers。But，At present, people seem to have different understandings of the meaning of key concepts such as "disciplinary bet365 bonus code pa", "academic bet365 bonus code pa" and "discourse bet365 bonus code pa" (hereinafter referred to as the "three major systems")，This to some extent prevents people from carrying out extensive discussions and in-depth exchanges。For this，We need to further explore the essential connotations of these concepts。

We first need to figure out what “bet365 bonus code pa” is。"bet365 bonus code pa" (or "bet365 bonus code pa"，Corresponding to the English "bet365 bonus code pa") the word originates from Greek，means an organic whole with a certain structure and function composed of several interrelated and interacting elements。So I want to understand a certain "bet365 bonus code pa"，You need to understand the basic elements that make up the bet365 bonus code pa、The main way these basic elements are related and interact with each other is the "structure"，And the organic whole composed of these basic elements connected in a specific way and the "function" of each element within it。Based on this，We can further discuss the essential meaning of the "three major systems" and their differences。

Let’s talk about the “discipline bet365 bonus code pa” first。The so-called "discipline"，Refers to a specific field or branch of science or knowledge study。The "discipline bet365 bonus code pa" refers to the entire discipline with specific structure and functions that is connected in a specific way by several basic fields or branches of scientific research。According to the above understanding of "bet365 bonus code pa"，The subject bet365 bonus code pa also includes three aspects: First, the basic fields or branches of the subject bet365 bonus code pa (such as natural science、Social Sciences，Physics、Chemistry、Philosophy、Economics、Sociology, etc.)；The second is the relationship between these basic fields or branches, that is, the structure，Includes lateral connections (e.g. physics、Chemistry or Economics、Sociology、The relationship between disciplines such as history, etc.) and vertical connections (such as physics as a discipline and its subordinate mechanics、Optics、The relationship between subfields such as acoustics and the relationship with the natural sciences or social sciences to which they belong, etc.) two dimensions；The third is the subject as a whole composed of these basic fields or branches connected in a specific way and the functions of each field or branch within it。Without a doubt，Regardless of the specific subject areas or branches that constitute the subject bet365 bonus code pa，Or the relationship between various fields or branches within the subject bet365 bonus code pa，None of them are fixed，It changes with the changes in people’s practical needs in social life。The structure of the subject bet365 bonus code pa should change with the changes in people’s practical needs，This should be a basic law for the development of the subject bet365 bonus code pa。As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，We must proceed from the requirements of the times，According to outstanding advantages、Expand areas、Fix for shortcomings、Promote the construction of the discipline bet365 bonus code pa by improving the bet365 bonus code pa。

What needs to be added is，The disciplinary bet365 bonus code pa we see today actually originated in the West and gradually spread to all countries in the world。Its basic characteristics are: first，Use analytical methods to cut the world as a whole into different areas layer by layer，As different objects of scientific or knowledge research；Second，Think of these different fields that are cut out layer by layer as an inductive-deductive bet365 bonus code pa that rises layer by layer from low to high level of abstraction。The top of the bet365 bonus code pa is the subject area with the highest degree of abstraction，That is, a philosophy whose priority is to explore universal or first principles applicable to various fields，At the bottom are experience statements from different fields。The entire subject bet365 bonus code pa thus presents a pyramid-like or tree-like form。Is this kind of subject bet365 bonus code pa the only form of scientific subject bet365 bonus code pa？Is it possible that there are other different forms of scientific discipline systems？This is a question worth exploring in depth。

Let’s talk about “academic bet365 bonus code pa”。The so-called "academic"，Refers to systematic research activities conducted by specially trained people according to specific specifications。The "academic bet365 bonus code pa" refers to the overall academic research activities with specific structures and functions that are connected in a specific way by several basic elements or links of academic activities。Historically，There are various academic systems of different natures。For example，Metaphysics aims at pursuing "absolute knowledge" that can explain the origin and changes of all things，Academic research activities that use some transcendental abstraction to explain the origin and change of all things；Science is understood as the purpose of pursuing the changing laws that can observe empirical facts，Academic research activities that use the interaction between empirical facts to explain changes in empirical facts。

Any academic bet365 bonus code pa also includes three aspects: First，Basic elements or links of academic activities。Take the modern scientific academic bet365 bonus code pa as an example，All its activities can first be divided into academic training、Academic Research、Three basic links in academic evaluation。Among them，Academic training can be further divided into undergraduate education、Master’s degree education、Doctoral education、Continuing education and other different links，Each link can be further subdivided into platform establishment、Talent selection、Course Settings、Teaching material construction、Performance appraisal, etc.；The academic research link can be further divided into platforms (universities of higher learning、Scientific Research Institute、Society、Publishing institutions, etc.) established、Topic setting、Research Design、Resources (people、Funds、Documents, etc.) Preparation、Empirical Observation、Data analysis、Report Writing、Results published、Academic Exchange、Follow-up verification and a series of steps；Academic evaluation can also be further divided into platform establishment、Evaluation objectives and specification settings、Selection mechanism and its implementation、Reward and punishment mechanism and its implementation、A series of links including result detection and feedback。Part 2，The connection between these basic elements or links is the structure，Also includes horizontal connections (such as academic training links including trainers、Training object、Relationship between auxiliary personnel and other subjects；Academic research includes project setters、Bearer、Relationship between funders and other subjects；Academic evaluation includes evaluators、Relationships between subjects such as the person being evaluated, etc.) and vertical connections (such as academic training、The relationship between academic research and academic evaluation, etc.)。Third，The overall academic activity composed of these basic elements or links connected in a specific way and the functions of each internal element or link。

Finally, let’s talk about “discourse bet365 bonus code pa”。The so-called "discourse"，Refers to specific speech practices and their outcomes (sounds、Text, etc.)。The "discourse bet365 bonus code pa" refers to the entire speech activity with specific structure and function, which is composed of several basic elements of speech practice connected in a specific way。Specifically，There are various discourse systems in people’s social life。We can divide the discourse bet365 bonus code pa from different perspectives，Such as official discourse bet365 bonus code pa/civilian discourse bet365 bonus code pa、Adult discourse bet365 bonus code pa/Children’s discourse bet365 bonus code pa、Academic discourse bet365 bonus code pa/daily discourse bet365 bonus code pa, etc.。Within each of the above discourse systems，Different subsystems can also be further divided。For example，In the official discourse bet365 bonus code pa，Can further distinguish different countries or regions、Official discourse systems of different eras and different positions；In the academic discourse bet365 bonus code pa，Can also be further divided into different countries or regions、Different eras、Academic discourse systems from different disciplines and different positions。Any kind of discourse bet365 bonus code pa，also includes three aspects: first, the basic elements of speech activities (such as words、Statement、Statement group, etc.)；The second is the connection between these basic elements (how words are connected to form statements、How to connect statements into statement groups、How to connect statement groups into a discourse bet365 bonus code pa, etc.)；The third is the overall speech activity composed of these basic elements connected in a specific way and the functions of each internal element。

In the process of building a discourse bet365 bonus code pa of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics，There are some special relationships that need to be handled with caution。These relationships include: first，The relationship between academic discourse and official discourse。We must maintain the connection between the two，Promote the development of both parties through the mutual influence between the two，Also pay attention to the difference between academic discourse and official discourse，You cannot simply copy each other。Second，The relationship between Chinese discourse and Western discourse。We must learn from all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, including Western civilization，We cannot simply copy their concepts and ideas，It is necessary to construct the Chinese people’s own philosophical and social science discourse bet365 bonus code pa based on China’s national conditions。Third，The relationship between modern scientific discourse and traditional discourse。We must inherit the excellent ideological traditions and discourse resources of ancient China，It must be transformed according to the needs of modern Chinese social practice，“Modernize” it。In short，The ultimate goal of building a discourse bet365 bonus code pa of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics should be to build a modern bet365 bonus code pa (rather than simply inheriting ancient ones，That is, "originality、Contemporary” China (rather than simply transplanted from the West，That is, "inheritance、National”) philosophy and social science academic (rather than simply copying folk discourse or official documents，That is, "systematic、Professional”) discourse bet365 bonus code pa。

To sum up，We can understand the interrelationship between the "three major systems" of philosophy and social sciences in this way: the subject bet365 bonus code pa is a knowledge bet365 bonus code pa，Academic bet365 bonus code pa is an activity bet365 bonus code pa，Discourse bet365 bonus code pa is a speaking bet365 bonus code pa。As a knowledge bet365 bonus code pa，The subject bet365 bonus code pa is the goal we want to achieve；As an activity bet365 bonus code pa，The academic bet365 bonus code pa is how we achieve this goal；As a bet365 bonus code pa of speech，The discourse bet365 bonus code pa starts from the concept、Statement、Text composition and other aspects provide normative constraints and guidance for academic research。Therefore，We must be under the constraints and guidance of the modern Chinese discourse (speech) bet365 bonus code pa，Through the academic (activity) bet365 bonus code pa of modern China，To create the discipline (knowledge) bet365 bonus code pa of modern China。

　　(The author is a professor in the Department of Sociology, Peking University)