Continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting form the two major camps of contemporary bet365 mobile betting。There are two attitudes towards this: one,The two sides have no contact with each other,Each one does his or her own research;Part 2,Carry out ideological and theoretical confrontation,Learn from each other’s strengths,Jointly promote the development of bet365 mobile betting,This is debate and integration。The author supports the latter attitude。But how to conduct a debate、Achieve fusion,There are some issues that need to be discussed。
About the understanding of analytical bet365 mobile betting
Analytical bet365 mobile betting emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,Pioneering by Frege,After Russell、The development of Wittgenstein and others,And the strengthening of schools such as logical empiricism,Once occupied a dominant position in bet365 mobile betting,Especially in the British and American philosophical circles, it is still the mainstream of bet365 mobile betting today。
There have always been different understandings or views on what analytical bet365 mobile betting is,No consensus has been reached yet。Consider this: Every bet365 mobile betting has problems or areas、Viewpoint、Theoretical and method dimensions。People can name a bet365 mobile betting by problem or field,such as bet365 mobile betting of language、Mathematical bet365 mobile betting、bet365 mobile betting of Mind, etc.,It can also be named according to viewpoints and corresponding theories,Also known as "ism",such as materialist bet365 mobile betting、Idealism bet365 mobile betting, etc.。From this perspective,Analytical bet365 mobile betting is nothing but bet365 mobile betting named after the characteristics of methods。The method here is the analysis method。Under this method,Can study bet365 mobile betting of language,You can also study bet365 mobile betting of mind、Mathematical bet365 mobile betting, etc.;Metaphysics can be rejected,Advocate empiricism,Metaphysics can also be accepted,Advocates realism。A period due to the rise of research in a certain field (such as bet365 mobile betting of language) or a certain doctrine (such as logical empiricism),will occupy the main position of analytic bet365 mobile betting,But this does not mean that analytic bet365 mobile betting is the bet365 mobile betting of language or the bet365 mobile betting of logical empiricism。Look at a larger time span,The mainstream views and hot spots in analytical bet365 mobile betting are changing,What remains unchanged is the method。So analytic bet365 mobile betting should be a type of bet365 mobile betting that is aggregated by method。In other words,No matter what you study、What is the point of view,As long as you use analytical methods to study bet365 mobile betting,That’s analytic bet365 mobile betting。In various understandings of analytic bet365 mobile betting,The author is more willing to accept this view,This is also the starting point for the following discussion。So,What is "analysis method",Become the key to understanding analytic bet365 mobile betting。
From the perspective of production,Analytical bet365 mobile betting originally started with Frege’s analysis of language,For example, the linguistic analysis research shown by Frege in several papers such as "On Sense and Reference" (1892)。In these studies Frege created a new research paradigm,This is the theory and method based on mathematical logic,solve the problems he faced by clarifying concepts and arguments。From this point of view,The essence behind the so-called "linguistic analysis" is concept clarification and demonstration based on logic。These two parts are also called conceptual analysis and logical analysis。Because of these "analyses",The bet365 mobile betting that started with this is naturally called "analytic bet365 mobile betting"。In fact, regardless of conceptual analysis or logical analysis,It all depends on argumentation,So the core behind these analyzes is argument。So let’s face the argument、A few more explanations on the relationship between logic and bet365 mobile betting。
Argument, logic and bet365 mobile betting
Argument is a common way of reasoning。Argument by topic、Arguments and argumentation methods are composed of three parts。Thesis is a proposition to prove its truth。An argument is a proposition used to prove the truth of the topic。The argument method is the reasoning method。Use reasoning and analogy,Thesis is equivalent to conclusion,Arguments are equivalent to premises。Different from reasoning,Argument requires that both premises and conclusion are true propositions。So what is an argument can also be summarized in one sentence: an argument is a way of reasoning that infers the authenticity of a topic from the authenticity of the argument。
At this point,It can be seen,The key here is "launch"。How to ensure that this launch is correct,This involves logic。Not all deductions (inferences) are correct,People often make mistakes in this regard。The role of logic is,As long as you follow the laws or rules of logic,You can ensure that you get the true conclusion from the true premises。This situation is also called "fidelity"。Therefore,To argue correctly,You must follow logic,Also known as "logic"。
bet365 mobile betting relies on argumentation to establish theories,The argument must be logical,This makes logic occupy an important position in bet365 mobile betting。How important,Mr. Jin Yuelin said: "If bet365 mobile betting is mainly related to argument, Then logic is the essence of bet365 mobile betting。”But,From the perspective of argument,The author thinks this view may be too strong。To get a correct argument, two conditions are needed,True arguments and introduction of fidelity。Logic guarantees only the latter part。The truth of the argument is not essentially a matter of logic。For this reason,The author prefers to regard logic as the basis of bet365 mobile betting。Look at it visually,Logic is a platform。On this platform,Philosophical researchers can build corresponding buildings (theories) by introducing various materials (philosophical propositions) and processing them (arguments)。
If you consider the philosophical debate,This platform can also be compared to a playing field、Arena,Different players compete in this arena,Removing the false and retaining the true,Promote the development of bet365 mobile betting。In the arena of bet365 mobile betting,Under the goal of seeking truth,It doesn’t take a few wins to really win。Opposite,Once a theory takes the stage,May always be questioned、The situation of being attacked。Like Plato’s Theory of Ideas,Over two thousand years,We haven’t stopped criticizing it to this day。There will always be criticism,This may be the luck of the philosopher。
Continental bet365 mobile betting: the opposite bet365 mobile betting of analytic bet365 mobile betting
Judging from the name,Continental bet365 mobile betting is a bet365 mobile betting named after regional characteristics。Judging from the content,Continental bet365 mobile betting generally includes the emergence of Germany、The bet365 mobile betting of France and other continental European countries,such as phenomenology、Existential bet365 mobile betting、Hermeneutics、Structuralism、Postmodernism、Western Marxism, etc.。These philosophies are mostly based on fields、Viewpoint、Named based on theoretical and other characteristics。In comparison,Analytical bet365 mobile betting is a bet365 mobile betting named after the characteristics of the method。As the two major camps of contemporary bet365 mobile betting,Continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting are not commensurate in name。It is said that "Continental bet365 mobile betting" is the collective name for such philosophies "given" (can also be understood as "imposed") by analytic bet365 mobile betting。In the view of analytic bet365 mobile betting,They are alternative philosophies different from their own。Look at it visually,This type of bet365 mobile betting is the opposite of analytic bet365 mobile betting。Also in this sense,Here continental bet365 mobile betting is regarded as the "opposite bet365 mobile betting" of analytic bet365 mobile betting。The opposite bet365 mobile betting does not mean conflict or opposition,Can be two families,Every family lives its own life。However,The name "Continental bet365 mobile betting" is really inappropriate。bet365 mobile betting as a category,What is their most important common feature,Obviously not a region。Because there is also analytical bet365 mobile betting in Europe,Even analytic bet365 mobile betting itself started in Germany。In reverse,There are no geographical restrictions on the analysis method,Philosophers in Europe can certainly use or are using analytical methods to study bet365 mobile betting。This may explain,“Continental bet365 mobile betting” is just a name given casually to this type of bet365 mobile betting in analytical bet365 mobile betting。Maybe it’s also some kind of helplessness,They don’t know how to better call these alternative philosophies。
However, the main function of a name is to complete its referring function,It’s okay even if it’s a little inappropriate,Everyone knows what philosophies "Continental bet365 mobile betting" refers to。The problem now is,The theme of this discussion is the debate and integration of European bet365 mobile betting and analytical bet365 mobile betting,So you need to know,What is the difference between continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting,What is the most important difference。
You can consider the following methods to solve this problem。From a methodological perspective,bet365 mobile betting will have some different levels。For example,Early philosophical research can be traced back to the debates of ancient Greek wise men。Wise men are a group of professional teachers or speakers、Debater。Wise men gave speeches or debates on a wide range of topics,Philosophical issues will also be covered。But,The speech of a wise man is to conquer the audience,Argument is to defeat your opponent。Therefore,They sometimes play tricks to win,Even sophistry。Nevertheless,Argument is still a kind of reasoning,So "reasoning" is a bigger concept than "argument"。Argument is followed by argument。The reasoning part of the argument must be true,This is all about logic。For logic,There are also formal logic and various informal logic。In formal logic,There are also different kinds of formal logic,Such as Aristotle’s syllogistic logic,Mathematical logic,Or various modern logics based on mathematical logic。The following sequence can be obtained from this:
This sequence is like a ruler,Can be used to measure the methodological scale of a certain bet365 mobile betting,Also known as "philosophical methodology ruler"。If you use this ruler to measure analytical bet365 mobile betting,The scale is at least "formal logic",You can also go to "Mathematical Logic/Modern Logic"。For Socrates、In terms of ancient Greek bet365 mobile betting represented by the theory of the Three Sages of Ancient Greece by Plato and Aristotle,The scale should be "Formal Logic"。If you consider the wise man or the previous primary form of bet365 mobile betting,Their scale should be debate or reasoning。
The focus now is,Where is the scale of European bet365 mobile betting?looks,At least go to "Argument" first,You can go one step further to "logic",But that should be the end of it。If you go further,To "Formal Logic",It is not much different from analytical bet365 mobile betting,Become a family。I believe that European bet365 mobile betting itself will not deny that it is about argumentation、Logical,But since we are not from the same family as analytic bet365 mobile betting,Want to break up,That can only mean not talking about formal logic。This is the bifurcation point between the two。
In fact, not talking about formal logic is not a problem,Because logic is not just formal logic,There are other logics。But the problem is,Since it’s about logic,There must be some kind of logic,So always answer,What is the logic of continental bet365 mobile betting。There is an example that can be used as a reference to illustrate,That is Hegel’s bet365 mobile betting。Hegel’s bet365 mobile betting has its own logic,Often called "dialectical logic"。Of course,Continental bet365 mobile betting as a collection of many philosophies,The situation is more complicated than a single Hegelian bet365 mobile betting。But no matter what,This question cannot be avoided,There must be an explanation。Not sure what this logic is,We might as well call it “the logic of continental bet365 mobile betting” for now。So we can get the following philosophical methodology scale:
The logic of continental bet365 mobile betting
There are many differences between continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting。The above analysis shows,From a methodology perspective,The most important difference is the difference in logic。
There are previous preparations for the debate and integration of European bet365 mobile betting and analytical bet365 mobile betting,You can return to the topic now,The debate and integration of continental bet365 mobile betting and analytical bet365 mobile betting。
Let’s look at the debate first。Today’s debate,It is no longer a debate in the age of wise men,But it is a debate that relies on arguments,In other words,It is a truth-seeking argument,It is not a debate seeking temporary victory;It is an argument relying on logic,An argument that does not rely on skills。So,Logic has become the “infrastructure” of debate。Like a sports game,First of all, there must be a common playing field and facilities。This does not only refer to the physical venue,Also includes the rules of the competition, etc.。So,Boxing has a boxing stage,Tai Chi has a place for Tai Chi competition,Each has its own competition。Generally,Players from different venues cannot play together。Of course,If you must let boxing and Tai Chi fight together,It’s not impossible,Then we need to formulate rules acceptable to both parties,There still needs to be a common platform。For philosophical debate,This platform is logic。So,To allow continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting to debate,First of all, the two must have a common logic。
Another look at fusion。The original meaning of integration here should be whether continental bet365 mobile betting and analytical bet365 mobile betting can learn from each other,Learn from each other’s strengths,Jointly conduct research,Promote the development of bet365 mobile betting。Good wishes。But,How to achieve such integration,Either the two parties sit together and talk about bet365 mobile betting like today, or they merge。Personal communication and theoretical integration are two different things。Able to achieve theoretical integration,First of all, there must be a common logic。Only discuss common issues on the basis of common logic,Study the corresponding theory,Only in order to achieve true integration。So in the final analysis,How to integrate is still a logical platform issue。
Based on the above two aspects,Whether it is debate or fusion,Both need a common logical basis。But at present, it seems that this basis is not clearly visible at least。How to complete the construction of this infrastructure,Perhaps it depends on the joint efforts of both parties,Especially continental bet365 mobile betting。
Since continental bet365 mobile betting and analytic bet365 mobile betting are both philosophies,There must be something in common,Since we are "two families" again,There must be different parts。What are the common parts,Where is the fork,The philosophical method ruler provides an observation perspective。It can be seen from this,Both can achieve "argument",You can also achieve "logic",Same before this,The bifurcation point is after "logic",It’s about formal logic,Still talking about “the logic of continental bet365 mobile betting”。Although the logic of continental bet365 mobile betting is still an unsolved question,But in theory,It exists。If you want to start a debate between continental bet365 mobile betting and analytical bet365 mobile betting to achieve a certain degree of integration,First of all, we need to find or build a common logical basis for the two。
(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 mobile betting, Shanxi University)
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