According to the National Bureau of Statistics，At the end of 2021，accounting for 18.9%of the total population，The degree of aging population is further deepened，and 10.62 million people born in 2021，Five years in a row。The development trend of accelerated aging and declining childization in my country。The requirements of the "Guiding Opinions on Further Improve and Implement Active Paternal Support Measures" issued by 17 departments and other 17 departments，"2022，All cities and cities across the country will print and implement the implementation of 'one old and one small' overall solution "and" establish and improve the population service system covering the entire life cycle "。The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized "Establishing a Fertility Support Policy System，Implementation of active response to the national strategy of population aging "。

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To solve the "one old and one small" problem，The country has introduced documents in high frequency in the past 10 years，Three adjustment of fertility policy，and actively respond to the aging of the population into a national strategy。Fertility in fertility through eugenics and premium services、Inclusive care services and reduces fertility、Nourishing、Family benefits of education costs realize fertility support，Pension mainly for the elderly and their families，Implementing endowment protection and social assistance，Provide life care、Health Service、Rehabilitation Care、Anning therapy、Basic pension services such as cultural leisure services and aging transformation。But in the specific implementation of the local area，Looking at the perspective of the overall demand of the family，Existing the following "four -heavy and four light" development problems。

The first is a heavy family replacement，Light family empowerment。Compared with the dense introduction of national and local pension institutions and support services support policies，The policy of "empowering" the function Bet365 app download of family care and childcare is still obviously weak。"One Old" aspect，Local "Fourteenth Five -Year" plan emphasizes the construction of pension institutions，Life care、Spiritual comfort、Most of the home care services such as aging aging transformation are mostly for special difficulties for the elderly，Family health guidance with high demand for the elderly、Life Guidance、Family beds and other "empowerment" services are not included in the key tasks and assessment indicators of the plan。"One Small" aspect，Except for the "Special Regulations for Labor Protection of Women's Workers" in 2012, it is clear that the 98th land fake，Extension of maternity leave、Nursing leave、Parenting leave and other maternity leave policies、Family Scientific Parenting Guidance and Parenting Subsidy Policy and other infant care support policies are still in the local exploration stage。

Second is the supply of heavy mechanisms，Light family needs。At present, my country's elderly care services are faced with the contradictions of "strong demand" and "high vacancy rate"。In terms of pension，Data from the Ministry of Civil Affairs shows that the vacancy rate of beds in my country in 2020 is as high as 50%，In 2021 "The Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" National Aging Career Development and Pension Service System Plan "emphasizes relevant pension services according to the needs of the elderly and their families，In the local plan, the frequency of "demand" is significantly less frequently、The range is significantly narrower。In terms of childcare，2021 "The Fourteenth Five -Year Planning of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the 2035 Far View Target" proposes to have a expected goal of 4.5 infants and young children under 3 years of age，Although national and regional survey data are unanimously indicated that more than one -third of families in the city have childcare needs，But the current nursery institution is generally facing a high vacancy rate、The development barrier of "difficult enrollment"。

Third, focusing on local efforts，Light overall governance。The current policy is too focusing on local situation，Compared with the perspective of family life cycle，There are still obvious "leakage points" in family policy，Bet365 app download If adolescent family education、Early adaptation of empty nests、Middle -aged family health management and other lack of support，Not conducive to the increase in family fertility and increase the family care cost of family members' reduction period (鳏)。Insufficient governance is also reflected in local policy implementation deviation，The national level has a restrained and expected indicator of pension services and childcare services，and both are territorial management，The trend of "welfare competition" at the same time as local policy innovation，For example, in some places, fertility leave is constantly increasing、Distribution of parenting subsidies，Not only the risk of policy sustainability and policy fairness，And because of a reasonable cost sharing mechanism that has not established a reasonable cost sharing mechanism, it may exacerbate the gender discrimination。

Fourth is to "treat the bid"，Light "Treatment"。New fertility culture and filial piety culture are the cultural basis for society to respond to the "one old and one small" problem。But the current publicity of "filial piety and respect for the elderly" in various places is more publicity during the "Chongyang Festival" and the maintenance of post -after -type rights and interests，For the front type、Insufficient support for promoting "filial piety and respecting the elderly"，Such as a household registration policy、Social Security Transfer Continue Security Policy、Housing policy, etc.，Become practicing "Parents，Not far away，You must have the obstacles of filial piety culture such as You must have Fang Fang "。Fertility culture is also facing modern transformation，More families abandon "multi -child and more blessings", "No filial piety and three，Nothing to be big "traditional fertility concept，But for "Equipment and Breeding，Family Response "and other new fertility culture，The public needs to be effectively guided。

　　"Family Friendship" Social Construction's feasible path

The governance bias of "Quartet and Four Light"，One of the roots is insufficient "family" overall perspective。Since ancient times，Yaying and Pension are the basic functions of the family，Family function and family structure、Family relations have their internal development logic and interaction。bet365 Play online games At the same time，Family fertility decisions and pension decisions are also a comprehensive consideration of rational decisions made by the family life cycle。Only the problem of "one old and one young" is placed under the perspective of the family life cycle of the family for comprehensive analysis，Adopt a systematic "family -friendly" social construction plan，can be more efficient、More long -lasting to alleviate the structural contradictions of the current "one old and one small" and the related realistic problems it produced。

The top -level design of the construction of family friendly society。When the country introduces each policy，It should be systematically considered the possible impact on the family，Systems build economic incentives、High -quality service、Time support、Multi -dimensional such as spiritual encouragement，Finance、Tax、Education、Insurance、Housing、Employment、Active fertility and support policy support system in many fields such as vacation。On the one hand，Policies for innovation with individuals -object，If the purchasing object of the basic public service of the government disabled dementia is incorporated into the family member，Acknowledge the value of the family。On the other hand，Develop a special policy targeting the family，If the family care method is introduced，Effective constraints on family care and parenting obligations without performing behaviors，Encourage men and women to take responsibility for family care。

Gradually realize family empowerment of the whole life cycle。The "Guiding Opinions on Further Importing and Implementing Active Fertility Support Measures" and "Planning for the Development and Pension Service System Planning of the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" National Aging Service System "，Especially in the improvement ability of family infants and young children、Improvement of elderly care ability、Family bed、Family empowerment work such as aging aging transformation，Realize the effective empowerment of families in the period of birth during birth。On the one hand，Need to strengthen and extend the function of family doctors，Realize the health management of family life cycle under the guidance of family doctors，Promoting the popularity of family health lifestyles and self -creation of family health environment。On bet365 live casino games the other hand，Need to design a family fake system，Except for the marriage leave and fertility fake，Promote the elderly care leave system that has been implemented in some areas，Fully consider the needs of family care time for children and adolescents，Give a family holiday 3-5 days a year; except for maternity leave，Men and women with leave，Encourage men's family participation; when conditions are mature，Unified the above holidays into "family leave"。

Special Action for the Construction of Family Friendly Society。Encourage all places to explore innovation，Evaluation of typical discovery and effect，Then form a routine system。One is the construction of family friendly culture。Covering marriage culture、Fertility Culture、Filial Culture、Parent -child culture, etc.;，Improve the family's interpersonal communication、Early Equity and Breeding、Infant care、Family Education、Middle -aged and elderly health management and elderly care abilities。The second is the creation of a family friendly community。Encourage the community to make full use of existing resources，Establish a home workstation and other permanent institutions，Organize community volunteers，Coordinated professional resources，Forms community family support and mutual aid network，Gradually conduct policy consultation to the family、Life Guidance、Emergency assistance、Answer service and other support activities，Regular community family evaluation and publicity。Third is the evaluation of family friendly enterprises。Policy tilt or discount，Inspired enterprises to integrate "family friendship" into corporate culture，Establish a flexible employment system，Allow elasticity to get off work，Increase flexible employment positions such as home office。

Build a family big data sharing platform for accurate supply and demand for supply and demand。It is recommended to explore the establishment of a "family information platform" based on big data sharing in the conditional areas，Determine the management rights and right to use the data of various departments，A precise evaluation and application of realizing family needs。First, set up home data platform centers。In big data management agencies around the world，Based on the seventh national Bet365 lotto review census information，Supplerated the community supplementary survey，Establish a family basic information library，Build a family information platform。Second is to achieve departmental data docking。Metal docking of family data in the department of establishing a family information platform，Increase family life incidents (such as marriage/divorce、birth/death、flow, etc.) Registration and statistics，Dynamic update of the family data platform、Dynamic assessment of family needs。Third, make full use of the data sharing platform。Under the premise of fully guarantee information security and personal privacy，Push the family information of service demand or meet the policy requirements of the dynamic evaluation results of the information platform to the community where the relevant departments and families are located，After manual review and evaluation，Realize welfare supply according to policies and family wishes。Fourth is to build a family service public inquiry platform。Local governments or development specialized "one old and one small" service app，Or embedding the service information into the government government APP or WeChat applet，Mainly for family inquiry、Application family benefits。

Strengthen the supervision and guidance of local policy implementation。One，The national level needs to formulate a unified basic policy to regulate the local implementation，For example, the minimum length and treatment of maternity leave and nursing leave in the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China;，Standards the minimum execution quantization standard，It is required to formulate a list of local family basic public services on this basis。Its two，Each department needs to further improve the basic public service specifications related to the family，If the family scientific parenting ability is improved。Its three，Do a good job of regulatory supervision of family support policies in various places，Ensure that the policy is as soon as possible、Performing and covering all policy target families，Make quality management in each link provided by the service，Win the "One Small" family with high -quality family care service、"One Old" family's trust and sensation of pension services，Promote the full use of existing service。Four，Encourage Bet365 app download local innovation and strengthen local guidance，Especially requesting that localities are time to formulate innovation policies，Strictly implement the policy formulation process and approval system，Strengthen the consistency of policy goals and means、Sustainable development and possible negative issues and other aspects of adequate advance evaluation guidance，Do a good process evaluation during the implementation process、Guidance work in terms of effect evaluation。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Key Project "Home Pension Family Support System Research" (20rk003)、Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Research Major Project "Research on Family Nursing Policy of Infant Family Nursing in Pursuit of Demand Demand" (2022SJZD078) phased achievement)

(Author unit: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications University Population Research Institute)