In presenting and explaining the social processes taking place now,Sociology plays an extremely important role。A widely accepted consensus is,Sociology is a discipline that is mainly oriented to the past and the present。Different from the basic idea of economics that makes current decisions based on bet365 bonus code louisiana expected returns,Sociology relies more on facts that have happened in the past to establish understanding of the present。Consider current events as consequences of the past,This dominant explanatory mode shapes the distinctive temporal characteristics of mainstream sociological knowledge。Although issues related to time (especially issues of the bet365 bonus code louisiana) persist in sociology,But its importance has long been ignored by sociology,The pursuit of knowledge about bet365 bonus code louisiana problems has even been included in a non-scientific category。
However,One of the important characteristics of modern social changes is that consideration of the importance of bet365 bonus code louisiana social changes has increasingly become an important reference for people's thinking and actions。Adam (Barbara Adam) assertion,Sociology without "bet365 bonus code louisiana" will become increasingly difficult to defend a world in which society and technological products continue to extend into the bet365 bonus code louisiana。Since entering the 21st century,Sociology is reviving interest in the bet365 bonus code louisiana。Based on the analysis of 571 English sociology articles from 1950 to 2019 by Jens Beckert and Lisa Suckert,The focus of sociological research on bet365 bonus code louisiana issues has increased rapidly since 2000,Mainly concentrated on teenagers、Class inequality、Education、Family、Economy、Identity and gender fields。Rethinking the time frame of sociology and the fundamental role of “time” in the field of sociology,Not only a research frontier worthy of attention,It is also the establishment of a fully reflexive relationship between sociologists and time,The knowledge necessary to reveal the complex interactions between social facts in different time dimensions of the past, present, and bet365 bonus code louisiana。
Does sociology have a “bet365 bonus code louisiana”?The answer is yes。The current issue of restarting the “bet365 bonus code louisiana” in sociology is rooted in a series of new eras and knowledge backgrounds,Such as the uncertainty of contemporary society,bet365 bonus code louisiana experiences penetrate every aspect of daily life,Modern society is deeply marked by progress、Change、The brand of innovation,The traditional concept of time collapses,Intellectual reflection on mechanistic science,etc.。“The bet365 bonus code louisiana” raises two extremely challenging epistemological/methodological questions for sociology: How does sociology study the “not to come” or “not to happen”?How to develop appropriate methods to investigate and map the everyday bet365 bonus code louisiana?In recent years,Sociology has opened up new intellectual paths to try to uncover the mystery of the "bet365 bonus code louisiana"。
Time frame for rethinking sociology,Reconceptualizing “time”。Sociologists take time for granted when explaining social life,And view it as an implicit rather than explicit feature of theoretical and empirical research,To the extent that sociology’s thinking on human agency and institutional development is limited to habits、In the repetitive and past-oriented analysis dimension,Greatly compressed the understanding of bet365 bonus code louisiana-oriented human behavior and bet365 bonus code louisiana-oriented social changes。However,“Past-present-bet365 bonus code louisiana” is an integration、Connected time flow,The interactive time frame based on this has become an important basis for understanding social action from a situational perspective。On the one hand,Past and present actions indicate how bet365 bonus code louisiana actions will unfold,Our expectations for the bet365 bonus code louisiana mainly come from deductions from the past and present。In ongoing action,Actors are constantly involved in dealing with the bet365 bonus code louisiana,And constantly changing the time structure。On the other hand,The bet365 bonus code louisiana will bring many real and powerful results to the present,Plans for the bet365 bonus code louisiana、Decision、Hopes and fears are transformed into current facts。Based on this,Sociologists appeal,Make a more materialistic conceptual statement of "the bet365 bonus code louisiana",Instead of just seeing it as an imagination;Emphasis on interpreting the internal relationship between social actors and the bet365 bonus code louisiana from the perspective of endogeneity rather than exogeneity;Guiding the public to think about the bet365 bonus code louisiana and its impact on a small scale and in ordinary daily life,Especially the perceptual and emotional dimensions of the bet365 bonus code louisiana。It can be said,The “bet365 bonus code louisiana” from the perspective of sociology is no longer invisible、The hidden unknown world。Opposite,The bet365 bonus code louisiana has arrived。
Using “bet365 bonus code louisiana” to understand how the current world is experienced、Governed,Thinking about basic issues such as how society should be organized under long-term goals for the bet365 bonus code louisiana。What you need to see is,“bet365 bonus code louisiana” is a key concept shaping the current world order,It has initiative。It is located in the present,Define the present,And provide ongoing resources for building reality。bet365 bonus code louisiana sociology will turn its attention to existing politics、Economy、The phenomenon of non-established social arrangements,Pay attention to social changes,Especially planning、Intentional social change。Knowledge of the “bet365 bonus code louisiana” will provide a better sociological explanation for understanding projected and desired behaviors and their drivers of social behavior in the present,Enabling sociologists to gain insight into how bet365 bonus code louisiana-oriented actors and social systems constitute a historically self-consistent and self-referential order。In Discourses on bet365 bonus code louisiana Sociology,“Society” is not the social interactions and obligations organized in time and space,And it is reflected in human beings’ current choices and decisions as well as their hopes and fears for the bet365 bonus code louisiana。Society is an expectation,Created by active actors。It is increasingly becoming a consensus that,“bet365 bonus code louisiana” should become a basic concept in sociology。The development of social theory of temporality provides a new conceptual tool for sociology to participate in discussions about the “bet365 bonus code louisiana”。
Using “bet365 bonus code louisiana” as a key concept for understanding dynamic social change,Calling on social scientists to actively participate in the formation of the world。The bet365 bonus code louisiana is real,The core of social change is “bet365 bonus code louisiana picture”。The discussion of bet365 bonus code louisiana sociology is simmering with the contradiction between human agency and the contingency of social change,The search for the bet365 bonus code louisiana should move towards the center of sociological thought。Can sociological knowledge still play an active role in realizing humankind’s bet365 bonus code louisiana hopes?Interrogating the "bet365 bonus code louisiana" has increasingly become an urgent task for sociologists to think and act reflexively。bet365 bonus code louisiana Sociology is to play the transformative role of sociology in realizing an ideal society,Collective action that shapes sociology opens new spaces。Especially in the context of the dramatic increase in global conflicts and crises,The prevalence of interventionist positions promoted by global sociology and public sociology,Sociology urgently needs to carry out “bet365 bonus code louisiana”-oriented development practice research。“The bet365 bonus code louisiana” is undoubtedly a competitive object of social action-if actors want to ensure that a certain bet365 bonus code louisiana is realized,Then they must participate in a series of rhetorical、Organization、Material activities,So that the bet365 bonus code louisiana can be controlled。At the same time,The "bet365 bonus code louisiana" can be organized、Governed,The "bet365 bonus code louisiana" accompanying the changes in human society can be created、Build、Competition、Occupied and consumed。Social policy also forms a bet365 bonus code louisiana-oriented policy agenda,More discussion on science-based innovation and policy issues in managing bet365 bonus code louisiana uncertainty。
Recent research in the sociology of the bet365 bonus code louisiana focuses on how to make “the bet365 bonus code louisiana” an important analytical concept in theoretical and empirical research,Rather than a neutral time domain that projects objective expectations。Although sociology is considered by some scholars to be the discipline that best illuminates bet365 bonus code louisiana possibilities,But overall,Sociological understanding of the bet365 bonus code louisiana is still thin and static。The bet365 bonus code louisiana of human existence constitutes an unrealized category,It consists of objective、The intersection of normative and subjective dimensions。How this field is treated as an empirical object,It will be a huge challenge for sociology in the bet365 bonus code louisiana。Anyway,The “bet365 bonus code louisiana” sociology and the bet365 bonus code louisiana of sociology are destined to be inseparable。
(The author is an associate professor at the School of Social Development, East China Normal University)
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