As one of the most prestigious and most socially influential philosophers，Martha C. Nusbham has always dared to challenge tradition、Not afraid of revealing personal experience、Famous to the pioneer image of the border of the philosophy。As a continuation of its famous work "Good Vulnerability"，"Knowledge of Love: Between Philosophy and Literature" analysis is not limited to the philosophy and tragedy of ancient Greece，Instead, the tentacles of the inquiry are extended to the differences and even separation between contemporary literature and philosophy。In this book，Nusbam directly points to the theory of utilitarianism and Kantism, which occupies the mainstream in the ethics community，and more common contemporary British and American philosophy mainstream。She asked sharply: If we want to ask "how people should live" a big question with fundamental importance，If we want to understand the common but mysterious phenomenon or life form of love and emotions，So，The philosophical study of this kind of respected rational argument and exclude literary narrative，What kind of revelation can we provide us? In other words，A philosophical thinking that eliminates all irrational factors，Can we provide us with real help，Can us better understand the external world and ourselves?

For this question，Nuzbom's answer is obviously negative。In her opinion，Contemporary British and American philosophy either completely ignore the role of literary narrative in philosophical research，Either to completely deny that literature has any positive effects or value for philosophical thinking。Of course, this tendency is not unique to the contemporary British beauty philosophy，but since ancient Greece、Bet365 lotto review After the philosophy demonstration (LOGOS) and mythological narrative (Mythos) are separated，An old dispute between "poetry and philosophy" that has always existed。This dispute has had an important impact on our philosophy reflection today。In the introduction of "Knowledge of Love"，Nusbam can review my studies，clearly and vividly shows the reader the soul for an urgent desire and self -knowledge，The separation of literature and philosophy and the opposite brought by，Rather than the improvement of rational，It is better to say deep confusion and confusion。

According to Nus Bum's self -report，Before she officially entered the field of ancient philosophy research，I often think about ethical issues and inquiry truth through reading novels。In the book，She has a very moving memory of her reading experience when she was young: "I ... in the silent brown attic，or sitting in a tall grass for several hours -reading with love，and think about many questions。In a wide field，A great joy，Puzzle，Read，Ren Feng brush my shoulder。"" At that time，Her reading、Thinking and life is a whole，She in Dickens、Jane Austen、Ouri Petus、Shakespeare、Thamiervsky and others' literary works questioned the meaning of human life，At the same time, think about passion、What does the irrational part of love and desire mean for moral life。After she entered Harvard University for a graduate degree，She found that she had to choose between literature and philosophy。She was torn by these two opposite forces，Gradually confused、Difficulty and dissatisfaction。For example，She complained，Although classical and ancient philosophy use ancient Greek author as research objects，Although both Plato and Aristotle are recognized as important ancient authors，But the reading book of the Department of Classical Department includes only one Aristotle's book, that is, "Poetics"Bet365 app download ，The Department of Philosophy regards Plato's "Drink" as a literary work，Not included in the must -read items。As for those important tragic writers and poets，It is completely excluded from the field of ethical reflection and philosophical research。The separation of this discipline level not only reflects narrative and demonstration、Fracture of literature and philosophy at the conceptual level，At the same time, it has further exacerbated the opposition between the two。From the eyes of Nusbam，This situation is whether it is for literature and philosophy，Still people who have deep attention to ethical life，Loss and even damage caused by the damage，Far greater than possible gains and benefits。

It is based on this very real personal experience，Nus Bum re -examined the positive relationship between literature and philosophy in "Knowledge of Love"，Try to explain the rationality and urgency of the two under the framework of ethical reflection。The entry point she chooses is love，or non -rational emotions that may have the role and influence in moral life，and the relationship between emotional and ethical knowledge。Nusbom attempts to demonstrate，For certain specific understanding and insight，For some truths，Only through narrative，Through stylized literary expression，can we reveal them。She describes her theoretical motivation in this book: "Philosophy often regards herself as a way to transcend humans，A new to humans、The way of the action and attachment of God。Another philosophy I explore is to see myself as a way of humanity that belongs to humanity。This will only attract those who really want to be people，They look at life with the original appearance of life，Including its surprise and contact，Its pain and sudden joy，A story worth having。"" ""，Nusbom trys to seek a different philosophy，This philosophy allows us to get rid of the restraint of traditional rational philosophy，Make up for bet365 best casino games the lack of simply emphasizing rational and transcendence，to achieve a true spiritual enrichment and achievement。In this kind of achievement，We can get truth at the same time、Knowledge and Love。

To achieve this theoretical ambition，Nusbom chose a few of them to combine narratives and arguments in her opinion very well、Style and Reflection、Scholars and philosophers in form and content，Read the inquiry of their representative works。These authors are Henry James、Marshall Proust and Aristotle。No doubt，This list chosen by Nusbam，will cause a lot of controversy or criticism。But no matter what，These authors do have in common in the following aspects: they all affirm the value of secular humanity，cherish and carefully handle the special and even trivial details in daily life in the works; they also believe in，Through the inquiry and questioning of these details，Can help us get about love、The rational cognition of human nature，Finally help us answer the big question of "how people should live"。At this point，"Knowledge of Love" with the same question as this book can be said to provide a typical example。

"Knowledge of Love" mainly discusses the following questions: Can we get knowledge about love? What kind of writing can be the most fulfilling and proper knowledge of love?，Nusbom analysis and compared two literary texts，One is the masterpiece of the French modern literature master Pruuster "Remembrance Like the Year of the Water"，The other is Anbiti's short story "Learn Input"。In her opinion，The protagonist in Proste's pen is only after the one I love leaves，Only through huge pain will realize that you actually have deep love for the other person。This kind of understanding of love，It has always been a certain sense of rationalism、A objective and calm mentality is suppressed，Even being covered by a certain self -deception。Description of the details of the novel，Nusbom pointed out bet365 best casino games a way to present love，That is Prusta -style、closed、Personal reflection of suspicion theory。Although this method fully realizes the limited and negative effects of rationality on this issue，But relying on some negative emotional feelings (such as pain)。In Provee，Only this kind of pain that cannot be ignored can expose the rational self -deception，Let us truly and deeply understand our love for another individual，to get a cognition about love。This kind of love cognitive method revealed by Proste's works，It can be in line with the ancient skeptical philosophy of suspicion represented by Enshiro and others。So，Nusbim regards this method as a way of writing a necessary combination of emotional experience and rational reflection，Acknowledge it can help us reach the cognition of love，Although the entire process will inevitably be full of pain、Negative feelings such as loneliness and even regret。

Compared with this，There is another way to give us to know love and self with huge power，Experience a constant change、"Love Love" open to others。Nusbom thinks，This is the precious revelation that Anbiti's short story "Learn Investment" brings us。According to her description，The knowledge of love presented by more novels "a bit slow，It extends in the time of human nature。It is not a thing at all，but a complex method that gets along with another person，An intentional concession on the external impact that cannot be controlled "。This kind of knowledge does not pursue high efficiency、Precise and measurement，Do not pursue some kind of covering everything、Universality beyond everything，But it uses the extension and flow of time，Method of literary narrative，Show us one after another with emotional small details，Let us pass the heart through this continuous narrative -instead of only through the mind -to realize what is to understand and perceive the love。In the words bet365 Play online games of Nusbam，This way of writing makes readers think about love，Eliminates the analysis and control desires that usually have when reading science and philosophical works，Instead of a "humble、Open、Active、It is also a porous "attitude，Facing the literary works in front of you。Nusbam further advocates，Following the knowledge of this love，It is Aristotle -style philosophical method，instead of Plato -style rationalism: The former attaches importance to phenomena、Experience、Situation and Specialty，The latter will get the body、Passion and various appearances are regarded as a negative force that hinders the soul that obtains knowledge and truth，Proposal is restricted or even removed。For this，Nus Bum is short and unsteading that the famous saying belongs to the name of Socrates- "The unruly life is not worth living"，She doubts whether this position can really teach us any love，Because "This is not a person who fully trust others"。

So，What is the knowledge of love? Whether philosophy can convey the knowledge of love，How should it be conveyed? Nurbom's answer is as follows。First，The knowledge of love is not a lonely thinking、Some state or function of those who pursue truth，"but a kind of existence、A complex way of feeling and interacting with another person。You must know your love，You need to trust it，Allow yourself exposure。The most important thing is，Trust others ... The knowledge of love is the story of love，The best way to inquire about it seems to be to read the story ourselves "。Next，Philosophy can convey the knowledge of love，It can even be said，If there is no philosophy，We can't truly gain a knowledge of love -even if we are in love。but，Philosophy research that relying on rationality alone cannot promise to us or provide this knowledge。On the contrary，"To make room for the story of love，Philosophy must be more literary，More closely Bet365 app download linked to the story，and more respect mystery and openness than usual。It must be close to the best and really most reasonable non -philosophical writing "。That is to say，Nusbom believes，Philosophy can reveal and teach us the true meaning of love。At this point，Nusbam has never been far away from Plato's position in "Council"，But philosophy must re -examine itself and form alliances with literature。Only this，It can touch the real deep inside，can we lead us into real ethical reflection，So as to keep close to the real major question that the book is following -how should a person live。

(Author is an associate professor at the School of Philosophy of Zhejiang University)