■bet365 live casino games

Greek and Roman classical civilizations are regarded as the source of Western civilization，Many cultural traditions in the West can be traveled back to Greece and Rome。，Greek and Rome's cultural heritage left to the Western world are "glorious" and "great"? At least for the majority of non -Western countries and nations，The answer is negative。The "universal" empire concept formed by the Roman Empire era，The Charlieman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire，To the modern Western European overseas colonial empire，inherited by the vein，The core idea of ​​becoming the concept of the "empire" in the long history of Western history。

　　Universal pursuit is the core element of the empire concept

1st century BC to 1st century AD，It is an important period for the transformation of the Republic of Roman to the empire。Roman City State, established by the Latin nation，After several centuries of expansion，Become the hegemon of bet365 live casino games the Mediterranean World，The Roman Republic has developed into a Great Empire, which includes the vast regions of all nations around the Mediterranean。It is this rapid expansion and its control of the majority of regions，Makes the Romans full of confidence，and treat my own rule of the Mediterranean world for granted。This has formed the concept of "universal" empire，The pursuit of "universal" becomes the core element of the concept of "empire"。

The word "empire" in Latin is imperium，During the Roman Republic，The main meaning is "Rule of Rule"。A word group Imperium Populi Romani often used in Cissero's works，That is "the Roman People's Rule of Rule"。But from the late Republic，Imperium except refer to "Rule of Right"，It also begun to refer to the geographical range involved in this dominance。This usage may first appear in the book "Rhetoric"，When the book uses Imperium to refer to the scope of the Romans' ruling power，On the one hand, it refers to the entire Roman country，On the other hand, this scope is described as the entire world (Orbis Terrarum)。When it is ruled by Augustus，Express the Romans' ruling scope，has been widely used。It exactly at this time，The Romans proudly declared that Bet365 app download the Mediterranean is "our sea"。British scholar John Richard said: "The idea of ​​the Roman Empire as a territorial entity is the product of the Augustus period ... Augustus incorporates most of the world into a form that can be ruled，Imperium's concept of ‘Empire’ is exactly what it is produced。People who have Imperium alone (effective) ruled a province that includes almost the entire world，This province has since been called Imperium Romanum (Roman Empire)。""，Imperium starts with the meaning of its "empire"，It means that the scope of Roman rule involved is "the whole world"，with a strong universalist color，It reflects the concept of the "Empire" in Western culture from the date of birth，Pursue with the "universal" pursuit of Roman rule。

　　The Christian Church strengthens the concept of Roman universal

476 years，The collapse of the Western Roman Empire。but，This does not mean that the concept of the "empire" with the concept of "universal" disappears。Actually，It is like a ghost，Always hovering in medieval Europe。Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) once carried the "Empire" Banner。The rulers of the Germanic Kingdom are not willing to show weakness，Use each other with the Pope，Try to revive bet365 Play online games the heroic wind of the "Roman Empire"。

The Germans have established many kingdoms on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire，The largest power for the Frank Kingdom，The Frankman in the West and the Eastern Byzantine，Competition for competing for the status of the legal heirs of the Roman Empire。800 -year Christmas，Pope Loo III is Coronation of King Charles of Frank，Give him the "Emperor who ruled the Roman Empire"。This，Latin Christian world has also produced legal heirs of the Roman Empire，The kingdom ruled by Charlie Man can finally be known as "Empire"。1155 years，The King of Deutsche Frederick I crowned the "Holy Roman Emperor Emperor"，It also shows its legitimate status as the "emperor of the Roman Empire"。

These "empires" in the medieval Europe have inherited the "universal" concept of the Roman Empire，The Christian Church further strengthened this concept。The secular "universal" concept of the Roman Empire is integrated with the Christian religious "universal" concept，As early as the late Empire, it has begun。Augustine claims，The church representative "The Kingdom of God"，The Roman government represents "Kingdom of the World"，The Roman Emperor's dominance is the universal power from God。So，In the "Empire" concept of the early Bet365 app download Middle Ages，"Roman World" and "Christian World" are consistent，Also thinks that the empire with this dual factors，It can realize the universal civilization of Christianity。

In Middle Ages Europe，Regardless of the worldly ruler or the church ruler，Under the influence of Christian universal thoughts，More universalist complex than the Roman Emperor。Just，This complex is subject to the level of development of European society，I could only stay in an ideal at that time。To modern times，With the development of European society，This ideal has gradually possessed the conditions of implementation。

　　Put a legal coat for external expansion and missionary

With the rise and expansion of Western Europe in the early days，Portugal、Spain、Netherlands、France and Britain and other overseas colonial empires were established。The ideology of these overseas colonial empires，The concept of the "empire" from ancient Rome to the medieval Western Europe has a continuous relationship between inheritance。In this continuity，"Universal" concept is the core element，Its outstanding performance is that Western European colonial empire claims to have the "civilized mission" during the expansion process。

18-19 century，Western bet365 live casino games European colonists divide the world into different levels such as "civilization", "semi -civilized" and "barbaric" based on religious beliefs and social development status (that is, the European "civilization" standards)，European and North American countries that believe in Christianity are "civilized" countries，Other pagan countries in other non -Western worlds are "semi -civilized" or "barbaric" countries。Western European colonists think，Transform the "semi -civilized" and "barbaric" ethnic groups into the "civilization" nation，Is their "mission"。This is actually a reasonable and legal coat for European expansion and missionary。

To sum up，In the "Empire" concept developed from the ancient Roman Imperium，"Universal" pursue as the core concept of it，Inherited from the Western Empires。This determines the expansion nature of the Western "Empire"。

　　(Author Unit: School of History of Capital Normal University)