bet365 best casino games_are two types of philosophers

Home>Journal of China Social Sciences>Special plan>Special planning content

Philosophy should return to life world

July 03, 2020 00:02 Source: "China Social Sciences", July 3, 2020, No. 1959 Author: Wang Jun

　　From the bottom of the roots，Philosophy is an ideological activity in the life world，As a lifestyle or practical form，The truth of life is inseparable。Division of practice and theoretical differentiation in Aristotle，It is an important turning point in the change of philosophical form。In the history of thought，Philosophy gradually evolved into a pure theoretical activity，Benefits into the other side，Life practice with our shore is getting away。

　　By the second half of the 18th century，With the academy of philosophy、Professional and professional，That is the formation of academic philosophy (this is another very tight turning point in the history of philosophy)，Philosophy is completely decoupled with our daily life，Become a professional thing。Facing the vocationalization of philosophy and the vocationalization of philosophers，Feiyae is called a philosopher into a pure "Civil Servant and Concept Manager of Thought"。This turning point has a decisive impact on today's philosophical form。In the history of philosophical evolution，With this turning point, there are some more important changes，For example, philosophical text is becoming more and more complicated。Many philosophical texts from ancient times to early modern times，The style of the text is the approachable，But the philosophical text after Kant is getting more and more complicated，Professional vocabulary is more and more，professionalism is getting stronger，A beginner cannot enter the threshold of philosophy without long -term professional training。Accompanied by Bet365 lotto review this trend is that there are two types of philosophers today，One is a philosophical researcher in the college，Another category we call folk philosophers。

　　but，Before the second half of the 18th century，In fact, there is no distinction between the so -called college philosophers and folk philosophers。Descartes as a tutor for nobles，Also study physics，Hume has served as the Minister of State，Kant's research interest far exceeds philosophy，Not to mention the philosophers in the ancient Greek and Rome period，Philosophy is not a career for them，but a lifestyle。According to today's standards，These ways to engage in philosophy are folk、Amateur。In the 19th century，This "amateur activity" is not derogatory，Goethe praises that only this kind of "amateur activity" "always wants to bear some kind of impossible impossible for some kind of skill"。Schopenhauer has also defended it for it，He said that someone despised this "amateur"，It is mainly based on "a despicable belief，I believe no one will do one thing seriously，Unless he is poor、Stimulation of hunger or other desires "。But with the continuous strengthening of the tendency of the School of philosophy of the 20th century，Philosophy becomes a difficult professional learning，The philosophy of as an amateur activity and lifestyle is continuously marginalized。

　　The differentiation trend brought about by this transformation in the history of philosophical evolution，Let the philosophy and philosophy in life in the ivory tower farther away，Philosophy has become the knowledge of the old paper pile that has nothing to do with our lives。This has a negative impact on the development of philosophy itself and the advancement of human ideological ability。So，In the contemporary philosophy circle, some philosophers Bet365 lotto review are increasingly consciously resisting this differentiation，Emphasizing that philosophy should return to the world of life，The purpose is to reverse the trend of the increasing separation between the philosophy of the college and the non -academy philosophy。

　　If contemporary philosophy has an overall practical steering，So this kind of de -college、Attempts to return to the world，It can also be regarded as a manifestation of practical shift in the most broad sense。Land to say，The difference between contemporary philosophy and traditional philosophy is，Contemporary philosophy is no longer attached to the grand and metaphysical system of the traditional and school system，and more tend to "return to the truth itself"。"Practice itself" contains the return to the specific historical situation to think，Back to the context of survival to think。The general trend of practical steering requires us to increase the realistic sense of philosophical thinking，Let philosophy return to real life，Like Dewey said，Don’t find a problem in theoretical，Instead of finding problems in life。

　　The trend of philosophy returning to the world，The core point of view of phenomenal philosophy is closely related。One of the important perspectives of phenomenology，It is necessary to restore the research object，Disassemble the traditional main and guest dual cognitive framework。Objective、Determination is the result of the subject built，is the certainty of context or historical situation，No common、Abstract Determination。Husserl's phenomenology is phenomenology under the tradition of mathematics and psychology，Rigid philosophy as scientific，This was a trend of the times at that time。Hussels did not suddenly write "Logic Research"，in 19、bet365 Play online games In the 20th century, many philosophers have written books such as "Logic" or "Logic Research"，Pay attention to the transformation of philosophy in the science era，Husserl is just one of them。The era of the era of Hedgger's thoughts is also obvious，It has a close relationship with his era and his life experience。His thought was born from the tradition of nationalism at that time，instead of a abstract thing that suddenly drops from the sky。

　　Another point that contributes to this regression trend is the criticism of phenomenology for science。Phenomenology philosophy is developed in the context of criticism of modern science。Heidegger has a deep explanation of the origin of science and knowledge: Aristotle said that it is human nature，Asking knowledge is actually the ancient Greeks to overcome the unpredictable fate，Facing the life of the elderly, sickness and death，When facing the powerful power of the God of Destiny，Try to obtain a sense of security by grasping knowledge and laws。So people ask to know，Seeking knowledge is the exploration and grasp of natural laws，Let us explain the changes in the world and the changes in life，and foresee the future。similar to it，The religious world view of the previous scientific era is also produced to achieve some stability and sense of security of life。Compared with philosophy and religion，The security and certainty given to us today are much stronger，The quantitative description of the world of science、Accurate organization and accurate prediction，Let our lives have unprecedented accuracy、Determination and high efficiency。For example，We now have a variety of information communication methods that transcend time and space，Very profoundly changing our lifestyle，Let us live more accurately、bet365 best casino games More secure，This is completely unimaginable in predecessor。and phenomenology attempt to point out，This seems absolutely precise、Absolutely objective scientific concepts and their decisive lifestyles，In fact, it is also based on the subjective achievement。Science is just a form of concept in human history，It does not absolute nor does it mean absolute truth，It does not absolute nor does it mean absolute truth。From this point of view，Phenomenology is to focus on revealing the boundary and limit of science，Science is not omnipotent。

　　But，Although phenomenology has this insight in scientific criticism，But in real life，Although phenomenology has this insight in scientific criticism，As Husserl said，"Reasonable 僭僭"。The lifestyle determined by technology is to bring us a certainty and sense of security，It also makes our lifestyle more and more single、More and more homogeneous。If you say what Heidegger said，The emergence of western science means the end of philosophy，Science and traditional philosophy、Traditional metaphysics in the same vein，All are essentially、The generalization of concepts exclude changes in life、Occascularity and diversity，Then we can also bring the unidirectional that technology brings us、homogeneous lifestyle，Understanding as the results of the traditional western tradition。

　　As a resistance to this trend，In the life situation of the science and technology era，We will have more pursuit of uncertainty。In the era of science，Because of the uncertainty of life itself，So we need to use knowledge to pursue certainty。The ideology of modern technology makes life too sure，So we need to pursue uncertainty，For example, postmodern art、Non -tune music、Psychological unconscious theory，There are a lot of about the Bet365 lotto review end of the world and nuclear disaster、Science fiction works invaded by aliens。These popular cultural forms、The way of discourse and topics is popular，It is because the safety of our lives today is very high，Instead, people must use these performances for uncertainty、Those imagination about danger to balance our life，Blind optimism of balanced science，Blind optimism of balanced science。

　　People reaction to the mainstream lifestyle，This is the concept of "kompensation"，This concept was proposed by contemporary German philosopher Odo Maluide，The entire significance is to achieve equilibrium by compensation。In life，People try to compensate for a certain opposite direction to the mainstream lifestyle to achieve a equilibrium，In ancient Greece, people can get greater certainty through seeking knowledge，This is the pursuit of balanced。In the era of science，Human beings have caused "the lack of meaning" in life due to excessive certainty.，Therefore, we must pursue uncertainty to restore the richness of life，This is also a equilibrium。Balance is dynamic，With the actual survival experience of people in the situation of the times，This balanced demand is also changing。So，In the era of science，Scientific criticism carried out in phenomenology is the ultimate reflection of the ideological balance requirements of the times，This is the task of thought in contemporary。

　　Philosophy returns to the world，Thinking on the premise of fully aware of the task of thinking: in the era of science and technical ideology，Philosophy itself is a balanced power。From this sense，We can also understand the claim of phenomenon on this issue: the technical criticism of philosophy is not anti -technology，Instead, the boundary of the technology。For Bet365 app download life，More than technology beyond technology，Philosophy should provide a equilibrium force，Help people overcome scientificism and homogeneity of life，to achieve diversified value、Significance to care for life，At the same time, it also realizes the life of philosophy and de -college。

　　(The author is the director and professor of the Department of Philosophy of Zhejiang University)

Editor in charge: Changchang