The word "two Fan" appeared many times in the historical books of the Tang and Song dynasties。The specific ethnic groups referred to in the "Two Fan" are divided into broad and narrow senses。

There are three main cases in the "Two Fan" in the broad sense: one，refers to the two Fan of the Northwest，For example, "The Miscelonic of the King Li Cemetery of Yiyang County, Xiangguo" contains: "After that, the father and son of Wye are defeated，Shuo Fang has public，洎 Northwest Two Fan，Wang Ziyi and Dun，All as public strategies。"" Two Fan "in the Northwest refers to the nation，Hu San Province said: "If Kaiyuan、Since Tianbao，North Ze Turks，North Ze Turks。Since ZTE，The so -called two Fan，North Ze Turks，North is back。"(" Zi Zhi Tongjian · Tang Ji Fifty ")，refers to the two Fan of Liaoning，Silla、Bohai or Baiji、Korean，For example, "Old Tang Shu · Mu Zongji" contains: "The Pinglu Army has the New Luo Bo Bohai two fans，Give the seal，Anyone in the inspection officer。"" Destiny Zhang Jian and other Gaoli "contains:" Baiji Gaoli，Remaining far away，Each soldiers，Forced Silla。...，Destiny messenger，诏 By Fan，戢 Bing Dunhao。"(" Quan Tangwen "Volume 7)，Refers to the two Fan West Liaoning，与 and Khitan，For example, "Tongdian · Border 14 · Turkic China" contains: "Eight years in winter bet365 best casino games ...、Khitan two Fan，Issue with the beginning of the autumn of next year，Guo Shuo Fang Bing has all entered，The Turkish Turk's account is on the river。"" Old Tang Book · Dezong Ji Shang "contains:" Nineteen years ... Xuanzong sent the loyalty king to the Marshal of Hebei Road to discuss the two Fan of the Khitan。"" Two Fan "in a broad sense refers to the collective referred to as the two nations，It is the same as the two，Can be translated as "two Fan Kingdoms"，There is no deeper meaning。

Narrow "Two Fan" refers to the Tang Dynasty and Khitan。"Two Fan" in this sense is not only a collective name，It is an exclusive term。In historical books，When mentioning 奚 and Khitan，Sometimes it is called "Two Fan"。As Tang Xuanzong said in "Governor of the Du Du Du Guo Guo": "He Wen Turki wants to destroy the two Fan，Shou Yan Shou Yan Yan as a protective。"In" Answer Zhang Jiuling Congratulations to Break Turks ":" Two Fan belongs to me，Due to Royal Bian，Northern Pragrant Raider，Suihuai Liang Fan。"" "" Two Fan "refers to 奚 and Khitan。"Tongdian · Border 14 · Turkic China" contains: "Little Killing and other said:‘ Two Fan also gives the surname，Princess Judong，But according to this example，Why is it? "" New Tang Book · Pei Huai Ancient Biography "contains:" Russia to Youzhou Governor，Suihuai Liang Fan，It will be lifted down。"" also "two Fan" refers to 奚 and Khitan。This is different from Silla and Bohai, which refers to the two Fanfan eras in Liaodong.，Called Silla、Bohai is "Two Fan"，It must be on the "Two Fan" prefix、The word Bohai。Not prefix，bet365 best casino games Silla will also appear in the previous article、Bohai。When Silla appears at the same time in the literature、Bohai and、Khitan Shi，"Two Fan" becomes a special name for 奚 and Khitan，Bohai, etc., directly describe its name。Rudo Tang Kaiyuan 29th year (741)，With Anlushan as "Two Fan、Bohai、Blackshui Four Mansion Sutra "(" Zi Zhi Tongjian · Tang Ji Thirty "), etc.。When referring to Tubo and other two Fan，The word "Northwest" on the prefix of "Two Fan"。Hu San province believes: "The two Fan of the Northwest，Do not 奚、Khitan two Fan。"(" Zi Zhi Tongjian · Tang Ji Fifty ")

Hu San Province said: "Tang means、Khitan is two Fan。"(" Zizhi Tongjian · Tang Ji Thirty ")" Old Tang Book · Katan Biography "also said:" The two countries are often handed in the inside，called ‘Two Fan’。"" "In the concept of people in the Tang Dynasty，"Two Fan" is the pronouns of 奚 and Khitan，To a certain extent，"Two Fan" has become another name of 奚 and Khitan。Tang Xuanzong said in "The Book of Zhang Shouzhang, Jiedu, Yiyouzhou": "，Auxiliary car dependent，奚 Both tetanus，No widow，Khitan is lonely，How can it be self -contained? "The relationship between a word of brokenness and the Khitan and Khitan。

"Two Fan" as a special name for the Tang Dynasty and Khitan，It is closely related to their ethnic identity。The formation and development of any nation cannot be separated from the construction of its ethnic identity、Keep and strengthen，奚 and Khitan have experienced adjustment of three ethnic identity。

The first occurred before bet365 Play online games and after the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty。奚 and Khitan as the "Lisu" of the Ministry of Eastern Xianbei Culture，No attachment due to the death of the Ministry of Yuwen，Lost sense of belonging for ethnic groups。and，They may be continuously attacked by Tuoba Xianbei due to the remaining status of the Ministry of Yuwen，I have to reconstruct the family，Sui self -name "Kumo"。This ingenious shows that the people have clear identity or memories of their clans。From the perspective of "奚" in the Sui Dynasty Ku Mo,，The word "Kumo" should be "奚" as the main body，"Kumo" is only a modified word。This may be in common with the names of "Sister Les,"。These two dumplings are named because they live in "Les Sister Creek" and "Diashui"。"羌" is its ethnicity，"Sister Le", "Benefit" is just a modified word。When the people are named "Kumo"，Khitan has not yet separated from it，No family number，That is, there is no independent group called "Khitan" at this time。Three years of the Northern Wei Dengguo (388)，Ku Mo Yan was defeated by Tuoba。There is a member forced to separate it，It is also facing the problem of restructuring and strengthening ethnic identity，So "Khitan" -means "people similar to people" or "people who are mixed between people"，Translation of Xing Fu Li Li: "Research on the History of the ancient History of Khitan"，Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House 1988 edition)。This self -named that Khitan is an independent ethnic group，Highlight the relationship between Khitan and Xun，It was Bet365 app download conducive to maintaining and strengthening the ethnic identity of the Khitan people at that time，You can also guide the people to establish a new ethnic consciousness。

The second time began in Sui and Tang dynasties，讫 讫。With the increasingly close connection between the Liangfan and the Central Plains，Its upper society has generated the idea of ​​integrating the Chinese system，The ethnic recognition of the ancestors of the ancestors and the ancestral reconstruction of the ancestors of the ancestors appeared。This kind of reconstruction may be limited to the upper society of the two Fan，Especially established the Khitan nobles of the Liao Dynasty。For example, "Liao Shi · Shi Table" cloud: "The book of the Kao Zhiwen Zhou，After Emperor Yan of Liao Ben，And Yelu is called Liaoning as Xuanyuan Queen。"Tang Dynasty Human Proton Graveya Episodes:" Yuan Fu Xuanqiu，Shuo Chu Division，Dai Xiongliao，Jue Yan Fanchang。"" (Xi'an Cultural Relics Protection and Archeology Research Institute: "Xi'an Tang Hometown Grand Proton Tomb"，"Archeology" No. 10, 2014) "Xuanqiu" refers to Huangdi，The ancestor of the people is about to trace back to the Yellow Emperor。Tracing the ancestors into the three emperors and five emperors such as Yan Emperor or Huangdi，It is commonplace in the border national history.。This kind of record about ancestors，It may come from the construction of members of the group，It may also be built by people or future generations。Take 奚，Rebu's epitaph trace its ancestors into Yellow Emperor，One may bet365 Play online games be that some of the upper levels are eager to integrate into the Chinese system，Therefore, the image of the ancestor is rebuilt; the other may be that the Tang dynasty built the hot ancestors，and hope to make this concept of building a person implanted，Waste it with pictures、Sales and control the upper level。From the perspective of the tomb of Rebi almost completely Tang's tomb，The Tang Dynasty did have the meaning of attracting people，It will not rule out the possibility of ethnic identity。

The third occurred in the end of the Tang Dynasty。The living resources of the people are constantly invaded by Khitan，The situation is very critical。Yelu Lulu persuaded to descend the king of the king，Speaking of the same language as Khitan，"Real One Country"，And the two have the same ancestor "奚 奚"。奚 Wang Shu's persuasion，surrendered Khitan，It shows that he and the upper society he represented by his representatives are agreed with the "real country" of the Kidan and Khitan、奚 奚。This incident can be regarded as the joint reconstruction or reiteration of ethnic identity with Khitan。This reconstruction is based on cultural traditions such as the common language of the two Fan and the ancestors' memory，Based on realistic interests，At the same time, it is also related to the continuous integration of the two in the Tang Dynasty。It is precisely because the connection between Xun and Khitan is increasingly close，Lip tooth dependent，The outside world will be called by the "Two Fan"。The title of "Two Fan" represents the continuous bet365 Play online games integration between 奚 and Khitan，and tend to form a historical trend of a national community。Of course，Two Fan is not formed a new ethnic group，Instead, with the great integration of the nation during the Song and Yuan Dynasties，Finally merged into a molecule of the Chinese nation。

(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Culture of Qufu Normal University)