Thinners in the German world pay attention to China for a long time，And the issues that are concerned are mostly focused on Chinese philosophy、Religious、Moral、Literature、Language、Culture and other fields。The German literature theory of explaining Chinese issues in the 20th century，From a Sinologist、Psychoanalyst、Existentialist philosopher、Early Western Marxists、Critical theorist and other scholars such as Frankfurt School。Most of them start from the Western's own problems or a universal world problem，Understand "China" with the concept of the West，and through "China" to look at yourself，Based on this basis、Change thinking。For their respective interpretation paths and research methods，Can summarize the following five theoretical paradigms。

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The Book of Changes of the Book of Changes of the famous Sinologist in Germany，It contains the new thinking of the Westerners when facing crisis and transformation in the early 20th century。He starts from China's "overall" thinking，Realizing a breakout of the tradition of thinking about the law of causality in the West，and reorganize Chinese cultural images with the help of the "change" ideas of the Book of Changes，On the other hand、Modify the core concepts and theoretical frameworks in Western culture。

Famous Sinologist in Germany、Art historian Bet365 app download Reid Hou pointed out in "Modeling and Large -scale Production in Chinese Art"，"Model System" in ancient China was a more common production method，The finished product produced by "Model System" is beautiful，It has its strong effect in actual application。From this，Reed Hou sets up modern standardized production since the Western industrialization as a dialogue object for the ancient Chinese mold system，Its intention is on the one hand to clarify China's "mold system" based on the traditional innovation mechanism; on the other hand, reflect on the innovation mechanism of the West blindly seeking new and seeking，and the narrow perspective that will be directed to innovation。

　Construction of modern psychology

Many works of Swiss psychologist Karl Jung are written in German。Ronger has analyzed a large number of Chinese classics from Chinese classics such as "The Book of Changes", "Taiyi Gold", "Hui Ming Jing", "Tibet Duster", "Nirvana Dajin Yoga Method" and other Chinese books.，These contents are related to the issues of Western psychology research，But also made up for the lack of western scientific psychology with a completely different perspective and thinking.。Jung with the concept of "unconscious" as the intermediary，The concepts such as "self -sex", "positive imagination" and "common principles" of ancient Chinese classics，and integrate it into the core theoretical framework of the analysis psychology，Make ancient Chinese thoughts in the field of analytical psychology in the West。

German aestheticist、Art psychologist Rudolph Aanheim also uses "China" as the bet365 live casino games method，By Chinese thought，Especially the concepts such as "yin and yang balance", "complementary" and "inaction" in Taoist philosophy，Come to reflect on and make up for the shortcomings of the Western dual oppositional thinking mode。other，He set off from the format psychology，Analysis of many Chinese graphics represented by Taichi Maps，Explained the visual perceptual phenomenon contained in Tai Chi diagrams and the rules of its internal structure，and analogize Taiji map with Western art，pointed out the fit of Chinese aesthetic thought and the spirit of Western art。

　　Development of existence philosophy

Heidegger and Chinese scholar Xiao Shiyi translated the content of the first eight chapters of "Lao Tzu"，In -depth exchanges on Taoist thoughts。In this process，Heidegger uses Xiao Shiyi as an intermediary to understand "Lao Tzu"，Integrate Lao Tzu's "Tao and Words" ideas to Western philosophy tradition，Although there are misunderstandings, it has inspired the self -conversion of the western metaphysics。

Heidegger absorbed and transformed the three meaning of "Tao"，and give the meaning of the three "differences in the same Chinese"，In this process, Middle Eastern Western philosophy meets and collides with the most fundamental concept，An opportunity to turn his eyes to the East in the later philosophy of Heidegger。Lao Tzu's "Tao and Word" thought provides Heidegger with a "poetic thinking method" that is different from the traditional metaphysical school，From this guiding him to embark on the new "road"，Dialogue with ancient Greek philosophy through Taoist poetic words，and Bet365 lotto review this contributed to the opening of the western metaphysics in the new era。

Learn from literary criticism theory

Lucari in Hungary is also a Western Marxist theorist based on German writing。Lucari mentioned that "China" is not much in its discussion，But from his revolution in China、Art、Indirect cognition in astronomy and other aspects can outline his Chinese impression，There are subjective speculation components，It can also be seen that his longing for the Chinese proletarian revolution and socialist construction。Another，He is concerned about the actual needs of China ’s socialist development road problems such as Hungary and other Eastern European countries。His understanding and understanding of China，It is often limited to the driving force generated by its revolutionary ideal，The Chinese culture in its impression is more attributable to or even equivalent to the overall imagination of the East，And he introduced "Chinese drama", "Chinese dance" and "Chinese revolution" in the discussion，The purpose is to explain its realist literary theory and aesthetic theory。

Blacht has been paying much attention to Mao Zedong since the 1930s，By his later years, he specially respected Mao Zedong's dialectics thinking。He draws from Mao Zedong's "Contradiction Theory" and draws on the "main aspects of contradictions" and "secondary aspects of contradictions"、The ideas of "main contradictions" and "secondary contradictions"，In the representative book of its theory of drama theory, "Drama Tools", "Drama Tools Replenishment", "Dialectics on the Stage", aesthetic transformation，Mainly expand from two bet365 best casino games aspects: First, take Goethe's "Faust" as an example，Explain what the "main contradictions" and "secondary contradictions" in the drama are; the second is the example of Shakespeare's "Koriolanas" as an example，clarify the interdependence between "main contradictions" and "secondary contradictions" in drama。This involves both the methodology of actor performance，Analysis of the structure of the plot，and propose specific aesthetic requirements such as "the plot must be launched in a contradictory way", "the actor's performance and experience must be integrated and the primary and secondary"。

　　Analyzing Modern Civilization Cycles

Benjamin discussed China in "Unidirectional Street"，See it as the key to solving the mystery of China，and walk by writing comparison on the countryside，Think of reading as overlooking from the plane，Extension of the significant significance of 誊 誊，Reflected the theme of the critical criticism of Benjamin culture from it: remind modern people not to lose their awe of nature，Reflection of the life and modern civilization of modern people under the "progress" storm。

Benjamin In the "French National Library Chinese Painting Exhibition"，Understand the explanation of Chinese calligraphy dynamic characteristics of Lin Yutang to understand Chinese calligraphy，But did not directly use Lin Yutang to clarify the key concepts of Chinese calligraphy- "Qi Yun" and "Structure"，Instead of defining Chinese calligraphy as the art that combines "thought" and "image"，and use the concept of "non -emotional similarity" proposed by him in "Similar Sexual Theory" and "During the imitation ability" to illustrate the dynamic Bet365 app download characteristics of calligraphy，Then inside the similarity between calligraphy strokes and natural life。

It is worth noting that，Benjamin's aesthetic interpretation of Chinese and Chinese calligraphy，Only placed in the background of Western modern handwriting, especially the "three -dimensional handwriting image theory"，Fang can get a comprehensive and in -depth understanding。He gets revelation from Lin Yutang's explanation of Chinese calligraphy，Relying on it at the same time but not limited to the research results of European writings at that time，transforms strokes into a aesthetics that reaches the nature and life of human beings，Creative exotic reading solution of Chinese calligraphy，Very Enlightenment。

The theoretical paradigm of German language explaining Chinese issues，It is both criticism and practice of reshaping Chinese experience，It can also be regarded as the communication and collision of the experience with Chinese experience in the process of reflection on its own in the process of reflection。The former is reflected in German writers consciously using the concept category based on Western cultural soil、Theoretical paradigm，Let's understand and analyze philosophy from China、Religious、Art、Revolutionary Practice、Cultural tradition, etc.。The latter reflected as a German writer consciously incorporated Chinese experience into its own theoretical framework，Take direct or indirect Chinese experience as a method and path to solve Western problems。Therefore，The theoretical paradigm of German language in the 20th century to explain the Chinese issue，It should be focused on Bet365 lotto review the integration of "China" and "West"、Academic community influential，On this basis，Actively build a contemporary Chinese literature discourse system。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Donghua University)