Zhu Guang's book "History of Western Aesthetics" believes，Since Boma Kaden proposed the word "aesthetics"，Aesthetics This discipline is "呱 呱"。There are many disputes in this statement，Some people think，Only naming is not enough to form a subject。Europe in the 18th century，A series of important concepts such as "poetic thinking", "aesthetic without utilitarian", "internal sensory", "fun", "genius", "beautiful art", "lofty" and other important concepts，Preparation for the establishment of the subject of aesthetics，By comprehensive by Kant in the book "Criticism of Judgment"，Only form a modern aesthetic system。This controversy does not prevent aesthetic historians from drawing a conclusion: aesthetics in the sense of modern discipline，Born in the end of the 18th century，Development in the 19th century，and was introduced into China in the early 20th century。

　　bet365 best casino games

Aesthetics This discipline was first introduced by a group of scholars in Japan。About who uses the two Chinese characters of "aesthetics" to translate the word Aesthetics，There are different sayings in the academic community。The earliest may be adopted by German missionary Ernst Faber，Some researchers have also found this translation method that has been passed on to Japan.。But，"Aesthetics" is generally accepted and fixed，It may still be attributed to the book of the Japanese philosopher Zhongjiang Zhaomin translated by Jiang Zhaomin, Eugène Véron, L'Esthétique，and translate it to "aesthetics"。

Introduce the term "aesthetics" into China，It may be introduced to China again through the translation of Kang Youwei's translation of Japan's discipline.，But introduce the rich content of this discipline，It should be attributed to Wang Guowei and others。The early development of this discipline in China，Thanks to the introduction of some Japanese and retained students in the early 20th century，With their efforts and promotion，Bet365 app download Aesthetic disciplines are spread in some universities in China。

So，To understand the formation of this discipline and establish in China，You need to clarify two key points。

The first is the ancient form and modern form of this discipline。Aesthetics This discipline is 18th century，Viabolgen and Vico, who is similar to him or contemporary,、Shivatzbury、Hatson、Bok、Hume、Dudero、Patto and other people's continuous efforts，and formed by Kant's integration。Since then，Volumes Xielin、The innovative development of some people represented by Hegel matures。but，A history of Western aesthetics，Not from the 18th century，and generally start writing from the ancient Greek era。Starting from Pythagras，Era Plato、Aristotle，until Proveno、Augustine，Aesthetic thought is constantly enriched。To answer this question，Zhu Guang potentially his old age's book "Aesthetic Picking Collection"，I have distinguished "Aesthetic Thought" and "Aesthetics"，I believe that only "aesthetic thought" that existed before the 18th century，"Aesthetics" did not begin construction in the 18th century，and at the end of the 18th and early 19th century，First in Germany，Later in other European countries developed。

The second is how this discipline is introduced into China，Development in China。early 20th century，The Chinese began to systematically introduce aesthetic discipline，and use some viewpoints of "aesthetics" to study Chinese literature and art，Sorting the Chinese thoughts about literature and art，The earliest batch of results appeared。

When Zhu Guangqian's "Literary Psychology" is published，Zhu Ziqing once used the preface to the writing，It is said that the previous aesthetic books like foreigners wearing Chinese clothing，Speaking is hard，Only Zhu Guangqian's book，Two words are used like flowing clouds，Freedom Nature。This can be seen，Chinese aesthetics initially has input characteristics，Zhu Guangqian has played an important role in the input and Sinicization of Aesthetics。

Chinese aesthetics pay special attention to the "Aesthetic Discussion" in the 1950s。"Aesthetic Discussion" appeared after the "Double Hundred" policy was released，is an academic experimental field for "hundreds of contention"，With potential deviation bet365 best casino games from the Soviet system、The meaning of taking the road of your own aesthetics。For this reason，Only the "Four Schools" controversy in aesthetics。

By the 1980s，Chinese aesthetics has entered a new period of construction，Gradually systematization、Discipline。During this period，Start a new round of translation of Western aesthetic boom，At the same time，Ancient Chinese Aesthetics Research also flourished。

　　Formation of Ancient Aesthetics Research

Just as a history of western aesthetics should be written from ancient Greece，A history of Chinese aesthetics is generally written from the pre -Qin period。Some concepts that have important significance to Chinese aesthetics later，If "Bi", "Xing", "and", "Yan Zhi" appeared at this time。But，Aesthetics becomes a system of discipline，and enter the discipline and course directory of the university，Or 20th century。Aesthetics This subject was regarded as a kind of science from the West in the 1930s。

attitude of Chinese academic circles towards ancient Chinese aesthetics，There is a process of changing development。May 4th period，Chinese academic circles are committed to criticizing tradition。Of course，This is not a full negation of traditional aesthetics，Instead, it is necessary to criticize the tradition，It is mainly reflected in four aspects: the first is to affirm the realism spirit in traditional literature and art，Including those who reflect the suffering of people's livelihood and class opposition、Literary works that show the people's resistance to compression content; the second is the emphasis on national and folk culture，If the acceptance and adaptation of folk songs，Make it serving the revolutionary movement; the third is to encourage the content of progress and revolution in the works of traditional themes; the fourth is to attach importance to the acceptance and use of traditional literary and artistic methods。

After reform and opening up，The attitude of the aesthetic community has a great change in traditional culture，Criticism -based、Dispel value in the criticism of valuable factors to absorb and use it，Transformation into a comprehensive study of traditional aesthetics，and make this research discipline、Professional、Systemization。At this time，Some aesthetic history has appeared、Research on the History of Trigema，Bet365 app download Published a lot of research works on the history of Chinese aesthetics;，such as painting、Music、Drama、Calligraphy、Study of the history of architectural aesthetics; research on aesthetics and history，The history of beauty and education appeared、works in the history of ecological environment aesthetics; as well as aesthetic category and concepts and historical research，and aesthetic taste、Historical research on broad aesthetics such as aesthetic culture and aesthetic fashion;。These studies have laid a solid foundation for the construction of Chinese aesthetic theory。

　　Modern Chinese aesthetic history of the construction of humanistic disciplines

The historical development process of Chinese aesthetics in the 20th century presents the development of "aesthetics in China" to "Chinese aesthetics"。Specifically，This subject has gone through the process of "four steps"。

First，The system and concept of introducing disciplines。In the early 20th century，Aesthetic discipline shows this state in general: directly from the West or through Japanese translation and rewrite Western aesthetic theory，and the introduction of Marxist aesthetic theory from the Soviet Union and Japan。During the translation，It reflects the choice of Chinese scholars and the attention of Chinese reality。During the introduction process，Chinese people have made various transformations of aesthetics。For example，Wang Guowei wrote words with traditional Chinese style，But in it, the aesthetic outlook on Kant and Schopenhauer has penetrated; Zhu Guangqian introduced Edward Bolo's "Psychological distance theory"，However, in the explanation, some modifications were made for the reality suitable for Chinese art.。Another example，Cai Yi studied Marxist aesthetic theory，At the same time, some concepts in ancient Chinese literary theory blend into it。

Second，Based on the Chinese people's own practice, digestion and integration。In the 1930s and 1940s，In the introduction of foreign aesthetics, it has already carried out a lot of correction and development，But the overall requirement at that time was still based on the theory of introducing the introduction more accurately。When learning Western theory，The purpose of learning the original Western theory of learning，Bet365 lotto review On the one hand, we must combine the actual situation of China，On the other hand, try to avoid misunderstandings，Pursue more accurate understanding。When receiving Marxist aesthetics，Also emphasized the original work，Understand the spirit of the original。

third，Reflection of your own tradition，Draw resources from traditional。Starting in 1956，"Aesthetic Discussion" for 1964，It is performed in the atmosphere of the "Double Hundred" policy。Among the many issues discussed at the time，There are two core issues，That is "the essence of beauty" and "image thinking"。When discussing "the essence of beauty"，Efforts to from Marxism's theory、Dialectics、Starting from resources such as historical materialism，Establishing the theoretical framework of modern aesthetics。When discussing "image thinking"，Mainly whether the "image" can achieve recognition，and the relationship between this view and Marxist epistemology to discuss。This is a period of hard work to carry out theoretical construction，Various systems flourish。By the 1980s，Theoretical discussion is restarted，Traditional aesthetic resources enter the theoretical construction vision。Many Chinese aesthetic history works，Including Tong History、Ban Shi History、History of category and various topics discussing the rise，enhanced the thickness of Chinese aesthetics research。

Fourth，Establish the theory with its own characteristics。The accumulation of these theories has prompted Chinese aesthetics to enter a new period of theoretical construction。Introduction to Western theory，Pay attention to traditional Chinese aesthetics，Develop Marxist aesthetic research，Showing a combination of contemporary reality to open up the efforts of Chinese and Western Horse。

This development process of modern Chinese aesthetics，Common in many humanities。Whether it is linguistic、Archeology、Sociology、Anthropology，There are similar situations。First introduce mode，Learning method，Form preliminary results，Reality improvement in China，Eventually formation is the original achievement of China that is both worldwide。

Establishment is both modern and China's humanistic discipline extremely important。bet365 best casino games Humanities disciplines are full of distinctive ethnic and cultural characteristics，tradition of penetration of nation and culture，Also associate with the contemporary life of the nation。

Of course，Academic also requires communication。International Exchange of Humanities，It can enable researchers to inspire each other，But this kind of inspiration，Can't copy photos，Can't replace each other。

　Construction of Aesthetics in the New Era

Chinese aesthetics has experienced a century -old journey of the 20th century，The foundation has laid the foundation for the development of this discipline in the 21st century。With the development of China's economy、Modernization of social life，Times also put forward new requirements for aesthetic research。

This is a period of great development of Chinese aesthetic research。On the one hand，Various branches of aesthetics research appear，For example，Ecological and Environmental Aesthetics、City and rural aesthetics、Theory of Aesthetic Education, etc.。On the other hand，Some new aesthetic genres are also constantly emerging，For example，Life Aesthetics、Body Aesthetics、Life Aesthetics、Life Aesthetics，and the aesthetic theory developed on the basis of practical aesthetics、Practice exists on aesthetics，etc.。Of course，The prosperity of aesthetic research is by no means just manifested by various new factions，The development of aesthetic academics still depends on in -depth theoretical research，The possession and application of Chinese and Western theoretical resources，and the response to the need for reality。

In recent years，Aesthetic research on art also has various new trends。Pioneer Art and Popular Popular Art、The trend of daily aesthetics，These new trends have stimulated new thinking in the aesthetic world，Promote the development of Chinese aesthetics research，Prepare conditions for theoretical construction。

　　Conclusion

As a conclusion, I want to emphasize such a few points.

First，China's modernization is unique，Connect with the unique form of Chinese society。Construction of Chinese Contemporary Artists，It is also rooted in the life of modern Chinese。Aesthetic and national aesthetic habits related，Building on the basis of national life。

Bet365 app download Second，Aesthetics between different ethnic groups and culture is mutually influence。The process from "Aesthetics in China" to "Chinese Aesthetics"，It explains this mutual influence。Develop Chinese Aesthetics，Need to have an open attitude，Resources of various aesthetic theories。

third，Development of Chinese Aesthetics，It can also contribute to the aesthetic development of other countries and nations in the world，Theoretical resources of becoming aesthetics of these countries and nation development。

Fourth，No common aesthetics，But there is a common development of aesthetics。Different from、In the historical process of mutual promotion，Aesthetic discipline can obtain common development and progress。

　　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Special professor of Shenzhen University)