Wish to know，"The Yearbook of Germany and France" is the critical period of Marx's transformation from revolutionary democracy to communism，but but，The historical context of this transformation is often ignored by people，That is: how Germany, who is backward in the process of modernization, chase as British and French as a modern pioneer。And the overall anxiety of this German nation is condensed on the theme of the "Introduction to the Black French Philosophy Critic" on Marx, a German knowledge youth: the liberation of the Germans。Marx's conclusion is，Only in the new human civilization form of super modernity，Only to achieve the final liberation of the Germans。This new civilization form，It is the communism shifted by the youth Marx。Looking back on this famous ideological event，We will find the emancipation of the Germans outlined by Marx，It also revealed how to seek national rejuvenation after another modern after modernization.。

　Bet365 app download

In the three letters of Marx published in the "Yearbook of Germany and France"，Marx revealed the complex mentality of determination to move to Paris，Excitement of "Go to the New World in the New World"，There are also shame that the motherland felt as the Germans that was abandoned outside of modernization。The inverse of the new emperor William bet365 Play online games IV，Make the slow German reform process that was slow to stop abruptly，It also exposes the situation where Germany is conservative and backward。Facing the danger of being "fired"，The German bourgeoisie, who should have taken the mission of historical progress, is indifferent、Weak and numbness，So that Marx rebuked his motherland like a "ship full of fools" that was destroyed to destroy fate。Where does Germany go，How to liberate the Germans，It has become a Li Saitian question for this patriotic youth who is traveling in a long distance。

Reading Hegel's concentrated reading at Crozana，Help Marx to see the weird status quo of Germany in a weird status quo of "Time"，On the one hand，Germany has a deep cultural tradition，Especially philosophical tradition，Make the Germans achieve the spiritual height of the French in the political revolution in philosophical criticism; on the other hand,，Germany still retains many medieval residues at the real level of social system，Unthined civic society and the corresponding political system，Far behind France and its own developed national philosophy。A more image expression is，In the Era of World Spirit，Germany in 1843 was still in the French stage before 1789。It is this misplaced，Make things that will be completed in France and Britain，In Germany, it has just begun，Those systems that have exposed the disadvantages of Chen Rotten in Britain and France，It is regarded as a better future in Germany。When German liberal intellectuals are still asking Germany to establish a modern economy and political Bet365 app download system as a chaser,，Marx has stood on the standpoint of modern critics.。What he is concerned about is: "How can it be a bunter not only over its own obstacles，and at the same time, what about the obstacles faced by modern countries at the same time? "These obstacles are the political system and bourgeois political system established based on special rights。When Marx said that the liberation of the Germans is to form a proletariat that is crowded out by today's society，It is the comprehensive disintegration of the world system that is announced so far，When it realizes "the highest essence of people is the highest essence of people"，He is undoubtedly indicating，Only entering the new civilization form that transcends capitalist civilization，The final liberation of the Germans is possible。This new civilization form is quickly named "Communist" by Marx。

　　New civilization forms in modernity questions

Short time in Paris，It is like the vortex of "Sanjiang Connect" in the long river of Marx's academic career: both "chaotic" and turbulent。"Paris Manuscripts" also handled three themes of Marx's thoughts: political economics、Communism、Philosophy。The theme of the German liberation of the Germans becomes human liberation，The ethnic anxiety of the previously infiltrated paper back of the paper also transformed into deep academic speculation，But the concern for the fate of Germany did not disappear，"Sanjiang Connect", isn't it the combination of British -French civilization and the German philosophy tradition and plan the efforts of new civilization? At that time, the young Hegel faction metaphoric Bet365 lotto review map，German philosophy is mind，French communism is the heart，British political economy is stomach，The future of Europe is to integrate this "European three -headed politics"。Earlier Marx has described the emancipation scene of the Germans: "This liberated mind is philosophy，His heart is the proletariat "，Now he deepen this picture，He has in -depth contact with various socialist thoughts in France，Study on political economy。

On the basis of fully affirming the achievements of British and French modern civilization，Marx pays more attention to the vision given by German philosophy given by modern height to insight to insight into the "old and decaying" things in the previous two，Because the new world can only be discovered by criticizing the old world。The prosperity and alienation of the industrial revolution and political economics from the UK are naturally the focus of Marx's attention，It looks like，French communism is the overcome of private ownership。but but，Marx, who tend to communism, did not have a good impression on the popular utopian communism at the time。He repeatedly criticized those communists who advocated public wives and average publicized publicists are rude and brutal，They are the same as the bourgeois they opposed，All immersed in the strong desire for private property。In other words，None of the civil society and ordinary communism did not get rid of the possession of objects based on things.，None of the particularity and confrontation of self -interest。Liberation required by Marx，The state of the Bet365 app download power with social forces as its own essential power is far from arrival。From the perspective of the German nation，Only rely on British French imported products，Modern civilization with capitalist economic relations as a framework。

Marx turned to communism，However, this communism is promoted by German philosophy。He understands hiring labor from human self -alienation、Understand communism from the real possession of the nature of the person。In his critical vision，Poverty，The loss of objects is only the most experienced alienation、outer level layer，Deeper alienation occurs in the internal field，That is the essence of a person with its own life departure。Labor he asked for recovery，Not a single person who is understood by modern economics to obtain private property，but people obtain the overall powerful object of human beings in the way of life (that is, "society")。If Britain shows the topic of modernity: the prosperous industrial revolution and the private property system that matches it，Communism in France shows the reverse problem of modernity: equality of rights and abolition of private ownership，Then German philosophy provides key resources to achieve modernity questions: the essence of the establishment of people，Comprehensive realization of British and French modernity in the essence of the class。In the logic of dialectics，The reaching the question also means the end of the logic movement of this level，New stage，That is, the new civilization form of human beings will be expanded。This is also bet365 Play online games the picture of the liberation of the Germans expected by Marx。

Regardless of the "liberation of the Germans"，It is still the "Jewish Liberation" discussed in the same period，As Marx said，Nothing is a special national problem，but a "universal problem of contemporary"。In the first half of the 19th century, the situation faced by the Deutsche nation in the first half of the 19th century is quite similar to the Chinese nation in the second half of the 19th century: they all have deep cultural traditions，But in the process of modernization。Marx's "curve overtaking" planned for the Germans to achieve the path of final liberation，It was not accepted by his motherland。From Bismarck，Powerful modern Germany，But in the end of the two World War several times, it has been floating and sinking。The Germans did not get out of the dilemma of the battle between the "wolf and the wolf" of modern civilization。and in the East，The birth of the Communist Party of China marks that China's modernization process establishes Marxism、Scientific socialism is the basic orientation，It also means that China has assumed the task set by Marx that has been set for his motherland: the disadvantage of abandoning modernity while giving the modernity。Another similar situation in China and Germany is，China's cultural tradition also lacks personalist genes，But has a deep pursuit of universal life life。Just as Marx combines German philosophy with communism and seek the liberation of the Germans，Chinese Marxist who is committed to national rejuvenation also needs bet365 Play online games to find the road of Chinese -style modernization from the "two combinations"。This is the 21st century "contemporary problem"。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Sun Yat -sen)