The study of the history of Chinese civilization has always been the most concerned research topic in Chinese archeology。After several generations of diligent exploration by archaeologists，Especially since entering the 21st century，With the implementation of the multi-stage "Chinese Civilization Discovery Project"，Research on the origin of Chinese civilization continues to deepen、Outstanding results，Proven the millions of years of human history in my country、Ten thousand years of cultural history、Five thousand years of civilization history。But，Chinese civilization is broad and profound、A long history，Research on the history of civilization still has a long way to go。Among them，The formation of civilization is a long-term, complex and grand process。At the beginning of civilization、Before birth，There must be a social complexity and civilization gradually sprouting、Generate、The evolution of development。After determining the history of civilization for more than five thousand years，Tracing back to the foundation and origin of civilization，Should be a major content in the study of the history of Chinese civilization。The recent archaeological discoveries and research progress of the early bet365 ohio promo code provide an important opportunity for the discussion of related issues。

　Important status and main bet365 ohio promo code stages

The bet365 ohio promo code is an important Neolithic culture mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River。This archaeological culture is the earliest discovered in our country、Most excavated sites、The cultural area is vast、Long duration、Rich connotations、The far-reaching Neolithic culture，About 7000-4700 years ago，Represents a very important development stage in my country’s Neolithic Age。As the largest distribution range in my country、Archaeological culture of more than 10 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities，bet365 ohio promo code in different periods、Different regions can be divided into different types or cultures。Therefore，bet365 ohio promo code is a huge cultural cluster or cultural system，Occupies an irreplaceable and important position in Chinese prehistoric archaeological research。

In terms of the history of Chinese archeology as a whole，There is an important opinion in the archaeological community，According to different academic goals，Prehistoric archaeological research can be roughly divided into two periods based on the 1980s and 1990s，In the past, it was mainly research on the construction of cultural systems，After that, it was promoted to the level of restoring or reconstructing history。(Zhao Hui: "Archaeological Research on the Origin of Chinese Civilization"，"Ancient Civilization" Volume 2，Cultural Relics Press 2003 Edition) Since the birth of Chinese archeology in the 1920s，Until the 1980s，The previous stage above，The main archaeological practice and most important archaeological discoveries are in the Yellow River Basin。Therefore，bet365 ohio promo code, especially its characteristics and period genealogy，It has long been the main content and central topic of archaeological research on the Neolithic Age in China，Relevant research results often drive the research and understanding of my country’s prehistoric culture，Even led the development of Chinese archeology。In the latter stage above，Since the 1990s，Because it has established a more complete development sequence and a clearer cultural connotation，bet365 ohio promo code has become the higher goal of comprehensively restoring Chinese prehistory through settlement archaeology、One of the most ideal major Neolithic cultures to carry out research on the complexity and civilization of prehistoric society。

In terms of the development stages of bet365 ohio promo code，The more common view in the past was，Based on Banpo, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province、Miaodigou Sanmenxia, ​​Henan Province and Xiwang Village Ruicheng Ruicheng, Shanxi Province，Respectively as the early Yangshao period、mid term、The three-phase theory of late representatives。In recent years，With the increase of materials and in-depth research，We tend to divide bet365 ohio promo code into the early、Morning、中、Later four periods，That is before the Banpo period，Add the early period represented by the Zaoyuan site in Yicheng, Shanxi Province。But looking at the overall social development of bet365 ohio promo code，The early stage of bet365 ohio promo code、The early stage is about a big stage，Currently it can be collectively referred to as the early Yangshao period。Due to the long history of bet365 ohio promo code，More than two thousand years ago，Morning、中、There are great differences in the social development status of each period in the late period。In terms of social complexity，Previous studies were more related to Yangshaozhong、Discussion on late society。Actually，The early culture and society of Yangshao have made great progress，At this time, the earliest obvious social class differentiation in China had appeared，This has created a new and grand process for the origin of Chinese civilization。

　Outstanding achievements and bet365 ohio promo code differentiation

The early bet365 ohio promo code, about 7000-5800 years ago, was at the peak of the Holocene Warm Period，The climate in most parts of China is warm and humid，The superior water and heat conditions provided a good foundation for the development of Yangshao’s early drought-based agricultural economy and settlements。In this period, the bet365 ohio promo code was mainly related to the population in the central area、Banpo type，Xiapanwang in northern Hebei and southern Hebei、Post type，Shigu from central and southern Henan Province、Xiawanggang type，Zaoyuan in western Henan and southern Shanxi、Dongzhuang type, etc.。

Archaeological data have shown，Since Peiligang Culture and others evolved into bet365 ohio promo code，The Central Plains region has entered a stage of overall stable development that has lasted for more than two thousand years。bet365 ohio promo code is basically the same in all periods and regions，The later period is a continuous development based on the previous period，The early stage、The early and middle stages belong to the continuous rising stage of this culture。According to previous excavations and research results，The early settlements in Yangshao in the Weihe River Basin in Guanzhong were developed，Relatively complete settlement structures were revealed at the Jiangzhai and Banpo sites in Lintong, Shaanxi Province，Large scale，They are all carefully planned trench settlements，Clear functional divisions within the trench-enclosed settlement，A residential group consisting of a large house in the center and several small houses next to it, arranged in an orderly circle in groups，All doors face the center，Showing a strong agglomeration、Characteristics of centripetal type。Except for the neat living areas inside the settlement，The tomb areas outside the trench are also often consciously planned，The tombs are arranged in order。Although the burial forms of tombs during this period were diverse，Including single burial、Joint burial、A burial、Second burial and other burial styles，But the adult deceased will be buried in a public cemetery、Funeral customs such as burying children who died in urns and coffins near houses are the principles followed by most settlements，The secondary burial of multiple people should be the result of collecting the remains of those who died in the settlement for a longer period of time and performing collective burials at regular intervals。Other areas also basically have the characteristics of this type of settlement layout，For example, the Xin'an Wasteland Site in Henan Province, which belongs to the Jianhe River Basin, a tributary of the Luohe River, is also composed of a living storage area on the inside of the moat and a pottery burning and burial area on the outside。Therefore，To a certain extent, it reflects the external stability and internal orderly social life of the settlement at this stage。

In recent years，A series of technologies from cutting-edge natural sciences such as molecular biology are applied to archaeological research，Greatly promotes people's understanding of ancient technological achievements。Residue analysis in small mouth pointed bottom bottles，In the early stage of bet365 ohio promo code, Guanzhong Banpo、Evidence of Guya wine has been found at the Yan sites in Jiangzhai and Lingbaocheng in western Henan，Indicates that brewing activities have become more popular。In the scale of the small mouth pointed bottom bottle unearthed from the Chengyan site，The orderliness of calcite crystals shows that the temperature of this kind of utensil during the brewing process is mostly between 50℃-25℃，Consistent with the growth temperature of yeast and other microorganisms during brewing。Microfossils extracted from scale and their characteristics，These scales are formed during the brewing process，This reflects the early stage of bet365 ohio promo code，The ancestors of the Chengyan Site have mastered mature wine-making temperature control technology。Remnant information of silk fabrics from the early Yangshao period was also detected in the children’s urn and coffin burials at the Chengyan site，And discovered the stone cocoon art，Many stone carvings and pottery silkworm chrysalis-like cultural relics were also discovered at the Shicun site in Xia County, Shanxi Province during the same period，Indicates that Yangshao’s early sericulture industry has developed significantly，Laid a solid foundation for the development of ancient Chinese silk civilization，Thereby proving it with solid materials，Silk originated in my country，It is a major contribution made by ancient China to mankind。These findings，Reflecting the social development picture of the rich and diverse agricultural settlement life in early Yangshao。

What deserves special attention is，Smoke in the city recently、City walls and moats from the early bet365 ohio promo code period were discovered at the Shicun site (the former clearly belongs to the early bet365 ohio promo code period)，The color of settlement defense has become stronger，It can be seen that the construction of city sites in the Yellow River Basin began about 6,500 years ago，Taking a solid first step in dividing urban and rural areas，This shows that in the early bet365 ohio promo code period, some areas were the first to show the difference between city sites and general settlements，Divisions appear among settlements。

As early as the 1980s，After rescue excavation at the Xishuipo site in Puyang, northeastern Henan, four groups of large-scale clam sculptures of dragons and tigers and special tombs arranged equidistantly along the meridian direction in the early bet365 ohio promo code period were unearthed。The first group of clam sculpture patterns was found in the tomb，The owner of the tomb is located in the center of the clam sculpture pattern，East is the dragon，The West is a Tiger，A pair of tibiae and clam shells of Beiwei people are arranged in a triangle to form a pattern similar to the Big Dipper。The second set of patterns has dragons、Tiger、Deer and Spider。The third set of patterns is a man riding a dragon and a tiger。The human bones in special burials had both tibias amputated。The clam sculpture patterns and special tombs are lined up on a flat surface from south to north，The layers are consistent，Same era。After the discovery of the clam sculpture pattern，Academia about its nature、A heated discussion on usage，It may be considered to be the remains of large-scale sacrificial activities；Maybe think of a dragon、Tiger、The artistic image of deer is the dragon, tiger and deer in ancient Chinese primitive Taoism (Zhang Guangzhi: "Puyang Three Birds and the Human-Beast Motif in Ancient Chinese Art"，"Cultural Relics" Issue 11, 1988)，The germination of primitive Taoist concepts has appeared in our country as far back as the early bet365 ohio promo code period；It may be interpreted as the earliest astronomical and religious sacrificial relics in China，Reflecting the highly developed knowledge system at that time、Ideology、Farming Season Awareness、Religion and Kingship System (Feng Shi: "Astronomical Research on Tomb No. 45, Xishuipo, Puyang, Henan"，"Cultural Relics" Issue 3, 1990)。We start from settlement archeology、It can be seen from the perspective of social differentiation，At least there were sites as rich in connotation as this site at that time、The difference between settlements with special ruins and other ordinary settlements，And the owners of large tombs who control dragons and tigers、The difference in status between ordinary civilians buried in small tombs and those with amputated legs in special tombs，Differences between settlements，Social members begin to divide into different classes。

Judging from the above settlement materials and important cultural phenomena，The early bet365 ohio promo code had a stable agricultural settlement society，Significant technological progress。The earliest urban defense system seen in China has appeared in some areas of the Central Plains，Differences in class and status appear among members of society，There are signs of stratification within society，Multiple evidences indicate that the early Yangshao period was the earliest among the prehistoric cultural regions in China to have significant social complexity、Civilization phenomenon，The first light of civilization。

　Create a new process of the origin of bet365 ohio promo code

Current archaeological evidence shows，In the earlier Peiligan bet365 ohio promo code period about 8500-7000 years ago，Settlements and society in the Central Plains are still relatively equal。But，Unusual economic technologies have appeared in some sites、Cultural Achievements and Civilization Factors。For example，The original cultivated rice was unearthed from the Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan Province、Pork bones、Sacrificial dogs、Bone Flute、Carving symbol、Buried in groups of tortoise shells、Alcohol and silk residue，The Xielaozhuang site in Xiping unearthed large ceramic animal head sculptures and the earliest well in East Asia, etc.。These important discoveries and rituals、divination、Sacrifice and other basic characteristics of Chinese civilization are closely related。Visible，More advanced and complex technical knowledge has emerged during this period、Music Art、Fashion and etiquette、Ideology、Religious consciousness and traditional trends in people’s behavior and social customs。

Since then, based on the early development of Yangshao，The culture and settlements from the Central Plains to the middle Yangshao period were the most prosperous，And reach the top。The appearance of bet365 ohio promo code distribution area is unprecedentedly consistent，At the same time, the radiation is strong，Has a huge impact on surrounding culture，It is the stage of great development and expansion，The process of social complexity is accelerating，Civilization is evident，Some researchers believe that a cultural “early China” has emerged。(Han Jianye: "Early China: The Formation of Early Pluralist China"，"Central Plains Cultural Relics" Issue 5, 2019) Social complexity further developed in the late Yangshao period，The northwest area of ​​Zhengzhou has made outstanding achievements in cultural and social development，In particular, the discovery of the Shuanghuaishu site has become important evidence of more than 5,000 years of civilization in the Central Plains。(Wang Wei: "Archaeological Evidence of Chinese Civilization of More than 5,000 Years"，"Qiushi" Issue 2, 2020) Taking Gongyi Shuanghuaishu Site as a Super Large Settlement and Xishan、Dahe Village、The formation of a political entity represented by the ancient city site of Dianjuntai Site，You should have entered the threshold of civilized society at this time，Became one of the earliest regional civilizations in China。

You can see it more clearly from the above，As far as current archaeological materials are concerned，The Peiligan cultural period was mainly the material accumulation stage of prehistoric society，It is technical knowledge、The foundation stage of etiquette art and ideology，To the bet365 ohio promo code、Late civilization is more developed，Regional civilization gradually emerges。The early bet365 ohio promo code that lived in it，It is an important stage in the evolution from the previous basically equal society to the beginning of settlement and social class differentiation，Accelerating social progress，This officially opened the curtain of civilization in the Central Plains。The early bet365 ohio promo code was the first to have significant social complexity and civilization in prehistory of China，In a critical period of exploring the development and transformation of prehistoric society，Is an important part of the early civilization process，Created a new and magnificent process in the origin of Chinese civilization。Therefore，It should be an important object that requires our full attention and in-depth research on the origin of Chinese civilization in the future。

(The author is a researcher at the Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology、Director of the bet365 ohio promo code Archaeological Society)