In the international academic world，"Classical Studies" specifically dedicated to studying a science of ancient Greek Roman civilization，But the Chinese academic community thinks，Not only does the West exist in classical studies，China also has its own classical studies。To avoid ambiguity，We propose to use "Western Classic" to refer to classical science in Western traditions。

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In Western Culture Tradition，Classical learning is the oldest in history，It can be traced back to the late period of Greek classical and early Greek era。At that time, the Greeks clearly showed their research interest on the great writers and their works in the past，Especially the research on "Homer Epic" first became a hot spot。As far as we know，HERACLIDES Ponticus in the Black Sea has written the work of "Homer Epic" and the works of the three major tragedies，He discussed the two volumes of "Homer Epic" entitled "The Way of Homer"，Criticize the processing of certain fragments of "Homer Epic"，Put forward your own solution。Aristotle is the six volumes of "Homer"，Gather the previous criticism of "Homer Epic"，A response to and systematically。to the Greek period，Ptolemy I ruled Egypt founded the "Muse Templar" in Greater Alexia, Alexander Greater，A group of outstanding scholars，They start to collect systems、Organization and Survey of Greek literature works that are regarded as classic earlier times，Therefore, the tradition Bet365 app download of classical science。After the Renaissance starts，Humanist people are committed to collecting and organizing the literature of ancient Rome and Greece，Fuxing Classical Learning，Therefore, the tradition of classical science has been continued and developed。

By the late 18th century，The modernization process of Western European society has been in full swing，Classical learning this ancient learning ushered in new development opportunities。One aspect of modernity in Western Europe is looking back at classical civilization, ancient Greek Roman civilization，Especially ancient Greek civilization，Expressing its own demands and yearning through the idealization of classical civilization。Classical civilization became the foundation of modernity。People's enthusiasm and interest in classical civilization have been greatly stimulated，It is in this situation，Classical studies have officially become a discipline in modern universities。Therefore, from the beginning，Classical science as a modern discipline will unconsciously bear a special historical mission。It is also in this case，The modern European education system established in Germany in the early 19th century is one of the core contents of classical education。

　　Comprehensive research from classical Chinese to ancient Greek Roman civilization

The core of Western Classical Concern is the collection of classical literature、Set up、Classification and meaning interpretation，But the so -called classical literature，From the beginning, it is not limited to a few classic，In Western classical culture traditions, some classical works have never been limited to orthodox classics。Classical bet365 Play online games literature studies studied by classical scholars are very wide，All handed down documents covering the Greek and Rome era，and the research interest of classical science will be extended to inscriptions and unearthed documents。Earlier from 1815，The Berlin Academy in Germany began to host an ancient Greek inscription，This huge project has gone through two centuries，Finally compiled into "Greek Integrated" publishing，Collect about 150,000 pieces of Greek inscriptions。1853，Roman historians Monsen began to host "Latin Integrated Integration" at the Berlin Academy，Aspire to this day and publish about 180,000 Latin inscriptions。At the same time，The German classic academic community in the 19th century classical learning beef ear quickly expanded its vision，Divide to develop classical science into "ancient learning" or "classical ancient school"，Fully explore ancient Greek Roman civilization，With a great German classical scholar Veramovitz，The purpose of classical science is to study "the essence of Greek -Roman civilization and every aspect of its existence"。early 18th century，The German Batt Holder Golg Niber "Roman History" three volumes，Created the field of Roman history research，to the mid -18th century，The British George Grant published the 12 -volume "Greek History" great work，Make Greek history a field recognized，Therefore, the history of Greece and Rome developed into an important research area of ​​classical science。Late 19th Century，With the opening of Aegean Archeology and Italian archeology，Classical archeology has developed into another branch of classical science。Bet365 lotto review This，Classical Literature、Greek Rome History、Classical archeology and art history has become the three pillars of classical science，It has formed a learning of the ancient Greek Roman civilization from a multi -disciplinary perspective。

Modernity is based on Western centralism as its most significant feature，It treats modern Western civilization as a civilized civilization with unparalleled superiority in human history，This obviously also contains white racist ingredients。Classical science that forms a complete system has also effectively completed the mission of providing historical interpretation for modernity，It describes the Greek Roman civilization as an ancient civilization with a special status，Non -other ancient civilizations can be comparable to，So as to establish a spectrum between classical civilization and modern western civilization。Therefore，Traditionally "Ancient History" in Europeans，Refers to the history of Greece and Rome，excluding the history of ancient civilization in other regions。In the past, even some scholars have revealed，Classical studies the civilization created by the Greek Roman civilization system for the Greek Roman civilization system，Therefore, there is obvious white racist tendency。Conquest and expansion for Rome，Typical interpretation of classical academic circles follows the logic of modern colonial narratives。The most important thing is，Scholars believe，Core value democracy respected by modernity、freedom and rationality are created in classical civilization，and the two inherit。

　Reflection and innovation of Western classical science

Enter the late 20th century，Modernity is deeply reflected and violently criticized，Bet365 lotto review This also prompts Western classical learning to reflect on itself。This is reflected in multiple aspects。Under the strong impact of post -colonial trends on Western centralism，Western classical academic circles have begun to reflect on the previous interpretation and explanation of classical civilization in the past，Instead of recognizing and recognizing the profound impact of West and Egypt on the development of classical civilization。At the same time，The myth of classical civilization as the foundation as modernity is also deconstructed to a certain extent。Some classical scholars start to realize，Classical civilization and modern western civilization are not a relationship with the same vein，Instead, there is a huge gap。The Greeks are no longer regarded as the direct cultural ancestor of modern Westerners，3822_3844，Is the "Others" of modern Western culture。Say the classical historian Paul Carteric，"In terms of essential culture -including ideological forms and systems"，The Greeks "irreversible discharge of dissidents"。In the field of research in Rome，Rome as a defensive empire and "Romanization" and other traditional colonial narratives were questioned and criticized，Scholars have revealed Rome's imperialist tendencies and acts，Discreating the leading narrative of "Romanization"。In addition，With the deconstruction of modernity，A traditional interpretation model of classical civilization also collapsed with it，Scholars start to pay more attention to non -mainstream texts、Incidents and groups。Women's History、History of Gender、Children's History and other jumps have become a new hot spot for research。

bet365 live casino games The most noteworthy is，With the gradual loosening of a tight bond between classical civilization and modern western civilization，With the distance between the two，Classical civilization is no longer regarded as an ancient civilization with unique and superiority。Coupled with the impact of the global wave，The vision of classical scholars is further expanded，Start comparing classical civilization and other ancient civilizations。Since the 1990s，Comparison of classical civilization and other ancient civilization，Especially the comparative study of the ancient Chinese civilization，Become a new hot spot in Western Classical。French classical scholar Marce Detian further proposed，Take the Greeks as the ancestors of modern Europeans，Putting freedom and democracy as directly from ancient Greece，It's just to advertise the superiority of the tradition of European civilization，Actually it is a nationalist history，Therefore, it should be under a wider field of vision，Especially studying Greece。Corresponding to this trend，Classical Acceptance History becomes an emerging direction in classical learning，attracted increasingly widespread attention。Scholars were originally focused on research by classical civilization in Western culture of later generations，Soon the history of acceptance of classical civilization in other cultures of classical civilizations。

So，From the author's view，The development of Western classical science has always been related to the development of modern western society，Its changes have always reflected the profound changes in western social trends and changes in ideological concepts，But no matter how changes，It always protects a valuable civilized heritage，This bet365 best casino games inheritance is not only the West，It is also common to all human beings。

(The author is a professor at the Department of History of Fudan University、President of the Ancient History Committee of the Ancient Medieval History Research Association of China)