In the five prominent features of Chinese civilization，"Unity" is a very important characteristic。History，The construction of "Boiling for a long time" and the unification of the big one is a basic trend，This is both a thinker in the past、Politicians continue to explore the cultural cohesion and civilization of the creation of the creation at the level of ethical concepts and ritual and music systems，At the same time, it is also interaction between ethnic groups、Time、collision、Fusion product。In various internal and external factors，"Zhou Li" is a very important clue，The construction of the unified system of the Chinese civilization has deep significance。

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"Zhou Li" book "Zhou Guan"，It is a preserved record of the Zhou Dynasty in the form of a king's system，Confucian classics expressing political ideals at the same time。Biography is written by Zhou Gongdan，But it may actually be to the early Spring and Autumn Period to early the Warring States Period，It was summarized and composed by Confucius after learning。Its basic structure is divided into "Sky、Place、Spring、Summer、Autumn、Winter "six officials，The core concept is "but Wang Jianguo，Different square，Sports Guo Jingye，Set the official division of officials，Think of the people "，The specific content is in the form of "division of officials"，Except a set of national governance system。Its connotation is extremely rich，Fanbang State System、Political, Law, Literature and Education、Lile and Music Soldiers、Taxation support、Agricultural and commercial medicine、Various names，Various names、Dianzhang、System，所 所，Can be called the treasure house of the history of ancient culture。

"Week" is a very special dynasty in Chinese history，Wang Guowei believes: "China's political and cultural change，Mo opera on the occasion of Yin Zhou。"King of Wen、Wu Wang cut off the business，To Zhou Gong Dingyuyi、Make a ceremony，A series of measures at the beginning of the week，laid the foundation for the three thousand years of Chinese politics。In the cultural genes of Zhou people，The ancestral memory of the existing farming nation，There is a life experience of nomadic peoples，This has formed a unique cultural form of "literary quality"。bet365 best casino games and the historical experience of "Zhou Ke Shang"，It brought a new view of destiny and values ​​to Zhou people- "Emperor Tian No Dear，Dade is supplement "，"Although the old state although the old state，Its life is new "。Zhou people break through the mental state of being controlled and alienated by ghosts and gods in the middle and late Shang Dynasty，formed a political culture and ideal feelings that are biased towards realism and humanism。Confucius appreciates the richness of its "text "-" Yu Yuli Wen，I from Zhou "，At the same time, it emphasizes the pursuit of "simplicity" and "substantial": the core of ritual and music is not an external form，Inside the spirit，It is an institutional exploration for the essence of governance。Confucius has deeply defined the relationship between "Wen" and "Quality": "Quality Shengwen is wild，Wensheng quality history，Culture Quality Binbin，then gentleman。"This is not only the principle of individual self -cultivation，It can also be used to understand the inner logic of the evolution of Chinese civilization。

"Zhou Li" has the richness and rituality of "Liwen"，At the same time, it is a set of "job" centered、Practical political plan。This subject has later become an important content of academic inheritance in the northern region.，Play a very important role in Chinese history and political culture after the Qin and Han dynasties，It can be said that it is an ideal political blueprint of "literary quality"，thus becoming a model text of political reform and innovation。Tradition's attention to "Zhou Li"，More concentrated in the field of classics and literature，But in recent years，Some scholars have noticed "Zhou Li" and the two Han、Northern Dynasties、The deep contact between the political reforms of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Ming and Qing dynasties，Combining the content of the scriptures of Zhou Li with the creation of the system of different times，Historically outlines a historical clue of the evolution of traditional Chinese political and cultural evolution。

　"Wen" and "Quality" duality of "Zhou Li"

For the first time in Chinese history, the transformation of "Zhou Li" as the blueprint is the restructuring of Wang Mang when the two Han Dynasty。Wang Mang uses "Zhou Li" as an institutional basis，Try to implement the official system and governance policy contained in them one by one，But its reform has caused serious political and social order chaos，Finally take self -destruction。The root cause of this reform is the disadvantage of "Phantom Name、heavy bet365 live casino games form ": Wang Mang believes that" institutional rules are self -level "，As long as you can work officers、Geography、Rites and music、Divine teaching has the provisions system of "Zhou Li"，can realize the political affairs of Zhou Gong's Taiping。This blindly copy the ancient classics and leave the specific actual situation，It is a typical "Following Name Retro"，Under the ideal coat of "To the Taiping"，The cover is actually gathering wealth、Steady Jun Dharma and the superstition of the monsters。This is an extremely important and profound lesson。

Reform with Wang Mang to form a control，It is the Wang Anshi Reform of Wang Anshi in the middle。This reform is also based on "Zhou Li" as the basis of science，Ruqing Miao、City Yi、Baojia、Many policies exemption，Born in the concept of "Zhou Li"。but，From a form perspective，Wang Anshi does not simulate the specific content of "Zhou Li"。He thinks，"Council of" Zhou Li "，Learn Zhou Gong's secondary also。True Study Zhou Gong，Looking up at the sky，Looking down，Personnel for high school entrance examination。If you can do it，Although Zhou Gong has not tasted this，must also be for it。This is the true learning of Zhou Gong also "。Make copying of the scriptures is tantamount to engraving the boat for sword，More importantly, "French meaning"，That is to examine the political and economic principles contained in Zhou Li，Grasp its essence，Then conduct institutional design in combination with the actual situation，This is the correct way to reform。

Wang Anshi's fiscal and economic reform ideas all originated from the content of "Zhou Li · Di Guan · Quanfu"。"Quanfu" is the national financial reserve and regulation agency，Its significance focuses on "Junping", "Changing", "Circulation"，The concept of combining the legalist "benefit one hole" and "the weight of the imperial"，Wang Anshi proposed the economic governance idea of ​​"opening and closing"。Its essence is the high -speed and efficient economic cycle under the government led，Relying on the central to local resources、Institution、channel、Information、Price、Warehousing and other elements，Railing redundant，Planning Reorganization，Transfer expenditure，Direct placement，The fundamental change of the economic structure and organizational method。

Wang Anshi passed the green seedlings、City Yi、The cooperation of the three new laws of service exemption，Create a new set of currency fiscal systems。Qing Miao、The Bet365 app download agricultural loan and commercial loans dominated by the city Yi are dedicated to promoting currency settlement，Dispostering laws with the help of monetization，Re -allocation of grassroots labor resources，It has formed a certain labor freedom market。Relying on the new currency fiscal system，Can integrate and operate a large number of surplus wealth，Then invest in more fields through various channels，Suchon Farmland Water Conservancy、Public Security Martial Arts、Official salary、Baojia editor、Public Security Martial Arts、Performance Scriptures, etc.。The value care of the reform is the core concept of "Zhou Li" "but Wang Jianguo，Think of the people "，Try to establish a variety of "direct channels" between the central government and the grassroots people，Crossing the merchants、Mercutors and other intermediates，Realize the two -way circulation of finance。To cooperate with this mode，Government large -scale casting and distribution currency，Including copper coins、Iron money and other metal currencies，Also includes salt banknotes、Tea money、Jiaizi and other paper vouchers，to increase the grass -roots fiscal allocation，Strengthen market liquidity。Its ultimate goal is to integrate various economic sectors within the Central Plains，Activate the economic potential of the market and civil society，Form resource synergy，So "restore the Han and Tang Dynasties"，Establish a unified dynasty based on economic and cultural capabilities。Although its exploration has not been able to get the final success because of various reasons，But left a very important system and spiritual heritage for Chinese civilization。

The transformation of Wang Mang and Wang Anshi reflects the poles of "Zhou Li": on the one hand, "Wuxu Wen"，On the one side is "heavy substance"。The "rectification" view of ancient China emphasizes the realities of the name、Specification Name，But Wang Mang only grasped the appearance of "name"，In architecture、、Implit balancing、etiquette、Music、Car and horse、Delivery and other aspects invested a lot of energy and resources，There is an almost paranoid fanatic for "name" and "form"，This completely deviates from the purpose of "Zhou Li"。Contrary to it，Wang Anshi focuses on discovering the "substantial" meaning of "Zhou Li" in economic governance，A large number of policy innovation relying on the Jingyi，But it is easy to let the opponents question Bet365 lotto review their excessive importance to the gathering of financial management and ignore the politeness and music，or even fake selfishness of classic decoration。It can be said，The dual tension of "text" and "quality" in "Zhou Li"，It is the important dimension that we know this classic，It is also the key perspective of our understanding of ancient Chinese political culture。

　Zhou Li's important significance to the northern ethnic construction dynasty system

"Zhou Li" as a passage of the world，Not only has the impact on the Central Plains dynasty far -reaching，It is also important for the system of the northern nation's construction dynasty。In the process of the unification of Chinese civilization，The northern nation plays a very important role，But the traditional narrative perspective pays more attention to its military culture、Governance technology and national integration and other parts。This perspective is easy to simplify history into the grassland nation to conquer south、A single clue that absorbs Central Plains culture and then gradually integrates，Fundamentally difficult to jump out of the framework of "conquering the empire"，It is also difficult to perform the fundamental difference with the process of "conquest -annexation -integration -split" that occurred in other parts of the Asia and Europe.。Therefore，It will produce the wrong concept of historical nihilism such as "no China behind Yashan", "Inner Asian History", "New Qing History"。

If you want to break through this narrative mode and thinking framework，Need to change perspective，Unified integration of Chinese ethnic groups，It is regarded as the historical evolution process of "literary quality" within the Chinese civilization system。The northern nation plays not only a driving force，In -depth participation in the construction of the spiritual core of the Chinese civilization in the form of "quality winning"，Among them, "Zhou Li" is a very important dimension。

The Northern and Southern Dynasties，Tuoba Xianbei established the Northern Wei Dynasty，Cooperate with the scholars in the northern region at that time，A large number of "Zhou Li" content as the foundation of the dynasty。After the Northern Wei Dynasty is split into East and West Wei，Western Wei who is in a weak position chooses to hold up the banner of "week"，Taking "Zhou Li" as the blueprint reform system，The six official system in the classics is integrated with the old system and the Xianbei eight system，Both the interests of the ruling class, especially Bet365 lotto review the Xianbei nobles，At the same time, it can also take into account the interests and value appeals of the scholars of the Han nationality，to promote national integration，laid the foundation foundation for the later Sui and Tang dynasties，Objectively promoting China to get out of the distinction of historical quagmires in the north and south，Reconstruction of the unified political order。

The system of the Sui and Tang dynasties is far -reaching due to "Zhou Li"，"Tang Liu Dian" evolved from the "North Saturday Code"，Three provinces and six parts、Selected examinations and other civil official systems，All have a close relationship with the "Zhou Li" classics。It can be said，The political system of the dynasty fell in the middle，It is continuously developing in the interweaving process of "due to the leather" and "righteousness of the sutra"，Afterwards, each dynasty basically followed this evolution logic。Especially Liao Jin、yuan、The northern nation of the dynasties such as Qing，On the basis of "Following"，Continuously rely on Confucianism to shape the dynasty system and political legitimacy，In addition to setting in the system of rituals，It is also reflected in the architectural structure of the city。Rujin Zhongdu、Yuan Dadu、Systems in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty，Another example is the combination of the north and south suburbs of sacrifices and the etiquette of sacrifices，All reflect the profound impact of Political Political Political Political Political Science。

Further，If you jump out of the perspective of "study -politics"，You can also understand "Zhou Li" as an intermediate state or ideal state of "literary quality"。Because of the core appeal of the Scriptures of Zhou Li，Explore the "essence" of the governance in the form of "ritual"，The balance of the text and quality，It is precisely the elements that the dynasties of all ages, especially the northern dynasty,。The northern ethnic power out of the need for rule，It is bound to enrich the ritual and music system in the direction of "Wen"，At the same time, we must be alert to the dilemma brought by excessive Chineseization and even crisis，Therefore。dynasty with northern nation gene，Northern Wei、Northern Zhou、Sui Tang、Liao Jin、yuan、Qing，Due to the living environment of its life、Inherent living customs and political ecology、Facing governance problems and dilemma，There are some similarity，Therefore, Confucianism, including "Zhou Li"，It can become Bet365 app download a political ideology and the banner of discourse，Attach the identity and attachment of the doctor of the Central Plains，At the same time, it can also provide an important theoretical guidance for its construction of a new governance system。

"Zhou Li" as a spiritual clue of "literary quality"，Playing a very important role in the construction of the unified system of Chinese civilization。For the Central Plains Dynasty，"Zhou Li" is not only an ideal template that can be based on the political system，It is also a treasure trove of various national governance ideas and concept resources，It can dig out a very rich meaning of meaning。For the northern dynasty，"Zhou Li" is an important connection bond，Can connect the simple northern national spirit and fine and strict Southern system，to integrate with each other，The cornerstone of becoming the weather of constructing the pattern of the dynasty。On this question，There is still a lot of room for exploration，Especially "Zhou Li" and the Northern dynasty are thinking、Culture、Belief、In -depth contact in the system and governance mode，It needs further analysis。This inner logic for our understanding of the construction of the Chinese civilization unification system，It has the meaning that cannot be ignored。

　　(Author is assistant researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)