"Zhao Mei Zhanyan" is a poetic work written by Fang Dongshu, a strong person in the later period of Tongcheng School。He concentrated on his poetic theory in this book，These poetic theories represent the poetic perspective of Tongcheng School to a certain extent。"Zhao Mei Zhan Yan" on poems，Emphasize Poetry Mind、Chapter method、Text must not be abandoned，This view is "righteousness、Evidence、Ci Day "combined with the echo and supplement of the theory of the theory。

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Fang Dongshu's Poetry pays great attention to the idea of ​​poetry。The idea he said，First of all, the poet is required to express the true feelings，That is, "Rhetoric"。He resolutely opposes the creation of sentiment、Creation without disease。He said: "Li、Du、Korean、Su，Not only talent、Book force Xiong Jian，There is a lot of reason in the chest of Zhiyuan ... Therefore, although the poem knows the last art，Rhetoric Li Cheng，Uncover。"At the same time, poetry is required to reflect the poet's true temperament，That is, what he said "Poetry is learning，True temperament "。

Then，Fang Dongshu believes that poetry should be consistent with being a man，"Poetry and Queen，Non -two things "，And he himself has done a combination of poetry and self -actions，Model of becoming a Confucian scholar。Although he is an ordinary Confucian Bet365 lotto review student，But worry about the country and the people，Dowry with Gongqing，Dare to speak and give suggestions。He has worked as a staff member at the Governor of Guangdong Deng Tingzheng，By the article "Kuang Minzheng Phase"，statement of opium hazards，Please ban opium。In his later years he lived at home，See the situation of the national situation，Sorry，Emotional Furious Disease，Write as "Crime of the Poems"，The fallacy of the surrender faction，Discuss the countermeasures against the British in detail，quite Tongcheng Pai style，Dear respect for future generations。His "Poetry and Queen，None of the two things "perspective far away from Mencius" knowing the world "theory，As he said: "‘ recite its poem，Read its book，I wonder? It is to talk about its world。’This is the initial ability of learning poetry，The religion of reversing with meaning is also。”

other，Fang Dongshu also inherited the claim of the Confucian "poetry and words"，I think "Poetry with words。If you have no wisdom，Strong learning others to speak，Open is out of touch "。At the same time，He also agrees with the theory of "Xingguan Group Resentment" proposed by Confucius，And pointed out: "Poetry should be about Xing、View、Group、Resentment，beneficial to the world，qi and blood，There is temperament。"So，Among the ancient and modern poets，Fang Dongshu commented on Wang Weishi and Sima Xiangru for not high。Although he fully affirmed the masterpiece of Wang Weishi's language，But I think its poems bet365 live casino games do not see temperament，No qi and blood。Fu's Fu's Fu，He even said that if there is a missing text between heaven and earth，There will be no missing。This can be seen，Fang Dongshu will have the idea、Text is comparable to，But the two are not completely colleagues，Instead, put the idea of ​​the first place。

　　Emphasize as a poem method

Poems on the method of ancient articles，It is an important feature of Fang Dongshu's theory。The rules he calls refer to the layout of the creation of poetry creation and the inheritance and transition，Including syntax、Article，In a broad sense，That is the poetic structure。In "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan"，Fang Dongshu analyzes the rules of poetry in detail in many places，And point out how to arrange a chapter in poetry，If you propose to pay attention to the sentence、Pay attention to the whole part of Teng Nuo response、Pay attention to turning、Pay attention to the use of virtual characters in poetry, etc.，It's quite capable of being able to cine。

Fang Dongshu arranges the rules of poetry as a standard for judging poetry and poets，So，He praised Ouyang Xiu's poetry of Ouyang Xiu, who knows the ancient articles: "Learn Ou Gong Poem，All in ancient articles。"When evaluating other poets，Fang Dongshu also often uses this standard，As he thinks，"Li、Du、Korean、Su Si everyone，Chapter method、Article，Unexpected changes ... Han，Unexpected changes ... Han、Europe、Su、Wang Sijia，Most of the rules，So it's wonderful，Ustermilation so deep song "。

Based on this，Fang Dongshu proposed the proposition Bet365 lotto review of "Poetry and Ancient Chinese"，I even think that it is not good to make ancient texts，Poetry must not work: "Therefore, taste poems and ancient text，Ignorance of literature，It must not be recorded as a poet。"He gives the example of seven -character ancient poems to analyze this point in detail。Fang Dongshu believes: "Seven ancients are the main，Changes and horizontal changes，Xiong Qi Hun，Also taught by heaven，Not strong。... Second，If the ancient text must be solved，and then can be for it。Guan Han、Europe、Su Sanjia，Chapter Tie，Purely based on the method of ancient text，So eternal。After the Southern Song Dynasty，The passage of ancient text，Qiyan ancient poems，Sui None。”

"Chapters" theory and the "law" theory advocated by the pioneers of Tongcheng School Fang Bao have the "law".，But the connotation is richer，"Chapter Fa" includes the rule of poetry、Law、Creative method，This is the connotation of "law" in Fang Bao's "righteousness" theory，At the same time, the layout and structural arrangement of poetry is stronger。Fang Dongshu said: "The ancients cannot reach，Just grammar，Non -fixed and fixed，Unconsciously，Do not say，Miaoyun from the heart，Mutual change，There is a rule formed，If it cannot be unable, 伧。"" "，"Chapters" said the theory of poetry structure that was lacking in the theory of poetry of all ages。

　　Pursuit of Fiction Novelty

In terms of poetry text，Fang Dongshu also has meticulous thinking and insightful opinion。On the requirements of poetry bet365 live casino games text，He attaches the most importance to "Qi"，This is the so -called "only Chen Yan's work"。He said: "The text should be strange，There are brilliant，You British Qi Qi。"But" Qi "should be naturally natural，instead of deliberately making new differences。He opposed the selection of text that is distant and whard，So，Not high evaluation of Li He's poetry。other，Fang Dongshu requires combining "Chen Yanshu" and "Wen Zhishun"，Zhu Xi's remarks are based: "Zhu Zi said:‘ Han Zi is text，Although it is forced to go to Chen Yan as a business，and you must use the text to follow the characters to know each other as expensive。'"

Similarly，In terms of the use of poetry,，Fang Dongshu advocates that you do not need to be cooked，Pointing out the requirements of using the code for new、Seeking Qi，Also oppose the use of rare allusions or deliberately use the code。He believes that the use of the code must be naturally natural，Naturally, from the learning of the mind，To read more，Disposal is welcome，。Otherwise，Although it is also cut，Streaming skills，No accident，It is known for the shortage of the middle and ask for help，Non -familiar is remote，How improperly "。

In terms of text，Fang Dongshu has more beautiful words for Huang Tingjian，Because Huang Tingjian poetry has the characteristics of Wu Aoqi in the practice of refining words。Compared with this，His vulgarity and cooked smoothness of poetry language，When commenting on the text and use of the specific poems，"Vulgar" and "Cooked" are also the two most Bet365 lotto review abandoned styles。For example, Fang Dongshu thinks，"Poetry and sentences are taboo，Lost of Dongpo，Sui Renren "。His claim is the echo of Shen Deqian's "style"，and consciously criticize the poetic style of Yuan Mei, the representative of the sexual spirit at the time。Fang Dongshu said: "Lifu (Wu Yuanying)，Naikai Yuan Jianzhai、Zhao Yubei、Qian Yanshi and other factions，Do not allow poisonous descendants。Fang is the main obody，but I don’t know that the ancients used the pen，Can't be deep in intention。”

Fang Dongshu uses literary poem，Implementing the theoretical proposition of the Tongcheng School，It reflects the theory of Tongcheng School in literary theory、Consistency in Poetry Theory。Just as Wang Shaozhen pointed out，"Zhao Mei Zhan Yan" The significant feature of the poem is "with ancient literary grammar" to the poem、Judging the poem from the perspective of "Tongcheng Wen School"。other，The idea discussed in this book、Chapter method、The text is interrelated、Lack of one indispensable。Fang Dongshu pointed out，If the poet "does not know the intention，is shallow; I do n’t know how to use，It is a vulgar; I don’t know how to choose words，then slippery and easy "。His views have strong guidance for poetry reviews and creations，Therefore, this book can be regarded as a poetic criticism.，It can also be used as a reference book for learning and evaluation of poems，The bright light shining in ancient Chinese poetic works。

　　(This article is the Studies of the Qing Dynasty Opera Manuscripts in the Gansu Provincial Library "(15BZW071)、Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Sciences Excellent Innovation Team "Comprehensive Research and Cultural Ecological Construction" (2017zstd013) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Yangzhou University)