Ecocritic Boyle divided ecocriticism research into two stages。The first stage belongs to ecocentric criticism。Ecological critics criticize anthropocentrism，Considering it to be the cultural source of the ecological crisis，Promote ecocentrism，Advocating wilderness literary criticism，Focus primarily on bet365 live casino games writing by white male authors，Discover its ecological thoughts and ecological wisdom，And committed to the theoretical construction of ecocriticism。The second stage is based on environmental justice，Represented by ecofeminism and postcolonial ecocriticism。Although both critical theories have achieved great results，But as the ecological crisis deepens and ecocriticism develops，Flaws are increasingly exposed。First，The ideological basis of ecocentrism separates the relationship between humans and bet365 live casino games，Ignoring the social bet365 live casino games of people。Secondly，It criticizes anthropocentrism，But there is a tendency to generalize in understanding，Ignoring the historical and realistic roots of the ecological crisis，Separated the relationship between bet365 live casino games and society，Concealing the truth of the ecological crisis，Weakening practical concerns about ecological issues。Last，Narrow text range，Weak formal research，The criticism has a single connotation and method，Weakened the explanatory power of the theory，Limits the problem domain and applicability of ecocriticism，Leading to the break between theory and practice。These all hinder the in-depth development of ecocriticism。

Against the above background，A dialectically unified view of bet365 live casino games、View of Human Studies、Social outlook and historical outlook as the ideological basis，Marxist ecocriticism, which targets the capitalist system, has become a new and feasible ecocritical discourse。Marxist ecocriticism is breaking through the current dilemma of ecocriticism、Promote the in-depth development of ecocriticism，All show distinct transcendence。

　Dialectically unified humanistic view of bet365 live casino games

The most fundamental issue in ecological literature and ecocriticism is the relationship between man and bet365 live casino games。This problem has never been fundamentally solved，This leads to many problems in ecocriticism，Ecocentrism mainly manifests itself in affirming ecological values ​​while ignoring humanistic values、Anthropocentrism that affirms humanistic values ​​but ignores ecological values、Ecofeminism and postcolonial ecology, etc., which highlight gender and racial perspectives but pay insufficient attention to human interests。Marxism’s unique humanistic view of bet365 live casino games can make up for these shortcomings，And resolve these disputes。

Marxist view，bet365 live casino games includes free bet365 live casino games and humanized bet365 live casino games，Free bet365 live casino games is the bet365 live casino games before human history and the bet365 live casino games outside of human understanding or practice；Humanizing bet365 live casino games is human beings acting on bet365 live casino games through practice，bet365 live casino games marked by human understanding and practice。bet365 live casino games is the mother of mankind，Human beings are part of bet365 live casino games，People rely on labor practice to obtain the means of production and living from bet365 live casino games，bet365 live casino games is something that humans must continue to interact with in order to survive、Human “inorganic body”，People have natural attributes。Leave bet365 live casino games，Human existence and all its labor practices will be impossible。Man and bet365 live casino games are inseparable。At the same time，Humans are quasi-beings，Has social attributes。Free and conscious practical activities are the essential attributes of human beings，It is also the intermediary connecting humans and bet365 live casino games，Man’s relationship with bet365 live casino games through labor practice，This is productivity；People also form relationships between people in labor practice，This is the production relationship，This confirms the attributes of human beings’ own social existence，As Marx said，The essence of man in its reality "is the sum of all social relations"。The history of human society is the process of human beings transforming free bet365 live casino games into humanized bet365 live casino games through practice，“History is the true natural history of man”，Dialectical unity of natural history and human history，Indivisible。Human、bet365 live casino games and society are an organic whole，Human society is a combination of human beings and bet365 live casino games，Society and bet365 live casino games are closely connected，Indivisible。As Marx said，“Society is the completed essential unity of man and bet365 live casino games，It is the true resurrection of bet365 live casino games，It is the realized naturalism of man and the realized humanism of bet365 live casino games”。

Human beings and bet365 live casino games are unified，To destroy bet365 live casino games is to destroy human beings’ own “inorganic body”。Marxism’s unique view of bet365 live casino games includes the idea that humans are an integral part of bet365 live casino games and bet365 live casino games is humanized bet365 live casino games，Incorporating bet365 live casino games into the scope of human practice，Becoming “historical bet365 live casino games”。Historical and natural views、The inherent unity of human history and natural history，Neither ecocentrism，Not anthropocentrism，Deconstructing the opposition between the two，Resolved the dispute between the two。This ideological foundation enables Marxist ecocriticism to realize humanity、The organic unity of bet365 live casino games and society，The unity of human bet365 live casino games and sociality，Unification of human history and natural history，Unity of ecological justice and social justice，Beyond all current ecocriticism，It can be said to be the fundamental breakthrough in the current dilemma of ecocriticism。

Specific realistic bet365 live casino games goals

The target of the first stage of ecocriticism is anthropocentrism，The critical targets of the second stage of ecofeminism and postcolonial ecocriticism are anthropocentrism and patriarchy respectively、Anthropocentrism and Eurocentrism (or eco-imperialism)。These schools all criticize anthropocentrism，Considering it to be the source of the ecological crisis，But this cultural understanding tends to be generalized，Ignoring the historical and realistic roots of the ecological crisis，Concealing the truth of the ecological crisis，Weakening practical concerns about ecological issues，causing it to be utopian。Getting to the root of it，These schools do not explore anthropocentrism in depth，Vague concept，Causing division between bet365 live casino games and society。

Yang Tongjin examined the three meanings of anthropocentrism。The first level is anthropocentrism in the biological sense，That is, people have biological attributes，Must protect one’s own survival and development，People-centered。The second level is in the epistemological sense，That is, any environmental ethics proposed by people are derived based on their own thinking，It’s all human morality。The third level is in the sense of axiology，The core of the theory is: human interests are the only relevant factor in moral principles，In designing and choosing ethical principles，We only need to see whether it can satisfy and realize people's needs and interests；Man is the only moral agent，Also the only ethical customer，Only people are eligible for moral care；Human beings are the only existence with intrinsic value，Other existences have only instrumental value，The value of bet365 live casino games is just a product of human emotional projection。Ecocriticism criticizes and advocates transcending anthropocentrism that is not biological and epistemological.，But anthropocentrism in the axiological sense。Marxist ecocriticism’s critique of ecological crisis goes beyond the first stage to land ethics、Ethical criticism represented by the three major schools of deep ecology and natural value theory，And the second stage of cultural criticism represented by ecofeminism and postcolonial ecologicalism。The obvious flaw of ethical criticism is that it treats people as ordinary members of the earth's ecosystem，Only treat people as natural persons in the biological sense，Ignoring the social bet365 live casino games of people，Downplaying the humanistic character of ecocriticism。However, the reality and practicality of ecofeminist criticism and postcolonial ecocriticism are still lacking，Exposed utopian color。

Marxist ecocriticism turns its criticism of the ecological crisis to the capitalist system。Capitalist industrialization leads to a surge in urban population，Consumption of a lot of food，But the excrement of the urban population does not return to the land，But lined up in the river，Not only causes pollution，And cause urban and rural areas、The metabolic break between humans and land (bet365 live casino games)，Eventually led to a global ecological crisis。This understanding is theoretically profound and practically operable，Overcoming the separation between bet365 live casino games and human society，Improved the reality of ecocriticism。

　"Aesthetic-historical" critical principles

The first stage of ecocriticism is based on bet365 live casino games writing，Advocates ecocentrism criticism，Adhere to the supremacy of ecological interests，Emphasis on human bet365 live casino games，But ignore the social bet365 live casino games of people，Reduced the humanistic character of literature，Questioned and criticized by environmental justice activists and second-stage ecocritics。The second stage of ecocriticism advocates environmental justice，Highlights gender, race and even class perspectives，Feminist and postcolonial texts enter the critical field of view，However, the social bet365 live casino games of “people” in literature as the essential attribute of “human studies” is not yet fully understood，Not paying enough attention to human interests，To humans、Society、The dialectical unity of bet365 live casino games is not explored deeply enough，Leading the theory to have a utopian color，Narrow text range。At the same time，Current ecocriticism mainly explores and explains the ecological consciousness and ecological wisdom of works，Belongs to external research，Internal research (formal or aesthetic research) is still lacking。These all weaken the explanatory power and applicability of ecocriticism。The unique humanistic view of Marxist criticism and the critical principle of "aesthetic history" can provide theoretical resources and method guidance for ecological criticism。

Marxist view，Human is a kind of existence，The human bet365 live casino games is free and conscious practical activities、Objective existence and social existence。Practice is the essential attribute of human beings，It is also an important difference between the same animals。Human is an object existence，People apply their material and spiritual power to objects in free and conscious labor practice，This is the objectification of people，Confirm your own essential power and life value。This not only promotes the humanization of bet365 live casino games，Also transformed human beings，Humanization of bet365 live casino games、Naturalized person，Human beings and bet365 live casino games have realized the dialectical unity of subject and object through practice，Can provide inspiration for ecocriticism formal research or ecological aesthetics。

As Marx said，“Human beings are also structured according to the laws of beauty”。Marxism insists that literature is human science，It is aesthetic ideology，Advocating "aesthetic-historical" literary criticism。This determines the transcendence of Marxist ecocriticism，Can provide rich theoretical resources for ecocriticism，And make up for the shortcomings of insufficient research on the form of ecocriticism。Marxist ecocriticism can be social and historical criticism、Ideological criticism、Text form criticism、Ecological narrative research、Cultural studies and other methods to study the ecological theme and ecological art of the text。Such as human alienation、Natural alienation、Liberation of man and bet365 live casino games、The relationship between technology and bet365 live casino games、Criticism of the Capitalist System、Ecological imperialism and narrative、structure、Rhetoric、Style、Topics such as bet365 live casino games and characterization can be included in the field of criticism。This not only greatly expands the scope of the text，Broaden the horizons of ecocriticism，Overcome the shortcomings of narrow text，At the same time, it can also improve the textual explanatory power of ecocriticism，Overcoming the rupture between theory and practice，Greatly improve the humanistic character of ecocriticism。

In summary，Marxist ecocriticism is a brand-new criticism method，Solving the relationship between man and bet365 live casino games with a unique dialectical unified humanistic view of bet365 live casino games，Overcoming the shortcomings of ecocriticism that ignores human social attributes；Overcome the romanticism of ecocriticism ethics and cultural criticism by criticizing the capitalist system，Intensified theoretical and practical concerns。His unique humanistic outlook and "aesthetic-historical" critical principles，Greatly expands the space of ecocriticism，Enriches the theoretical connotation and critical methods of ecocriticism，Overcoming the rupture between theory and practice，Has broad academic prospects in ecological criticism and ecological civilization construction。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on Western Marxist bet365 live casino games" (17BWW018))

(Author’s unit: School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou Normal University)