American literary theorist、Critic Harold Bloom，His "Decodic Criticism" and "Anxiety of Influence" Theory、"Western Code" theory, etc.，Achievements are obvious to all。But，Continue to discuss the specific connotation of these theories, although it has its necessity，But as a Chinese scholar，No need to study in a specific time and empty、Contents that happened in a specific cultural background。What we need to think about is，What value and meaning does Brum have for our theoretical development。In fact，His true contribution and heritage may not provide us with a certain method of analysis of literary works or Western classic bibliography，Instead of local construction in foreign influence and literary theory、The concept of cultural tradition and literature、The professional spirit and social participation of literary critics have put forward profound insights。

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Critics as "Yale School"，Bloom was influenced by Derrida，Drawing on some ideas of the theory of deconstruction of France。The relationship between Bloom and deconstruction theory is mainly reflected in the following two aspects。First，Linguistics of Literature Research。Bloom proposed，Literature is not truth、Ship of the World，Words cannot express their broad and esoteric，Literature is just a metaphor for them，"Poetry is not something，Instead, it refers to other words，These words also point to other words "，Literature is just a means of rhetoric or "metaphor" to the truth and origin of the truth and the origin。2，Openness Bet365 lotto review and uncertainty of literary significance。Since literary works cannot reflect the truth，It's just a language -level "game"，Then literature does not mean meaning，"The meaning does not exist in poetry"，thus echoing the views of Derrida and Deman's uncertainty of the text。

But，Bloom is not a blind follower of Derrida deconstruction theory，His theory has a deep local position。As Durida said，Yale Decodicism "is completely the product of North America"，Demman's rhetoric criticism of this，Burum's "Influence" and "Misunderstanding Picture" are the same，Both root and grow in the deep American local cultural soil。First，"Influence of anxiety" is the anxiety of "creativity"。When the new poet starts to learn writing，It is found that the predecessors have developed various skills to express various themes，They are anxious because they cannot be "original" as their predecessors，You can only use various rhetoric and psychological defense mechanisms to creatively interpret the predecessor's poems，Competition with predecessors，With an immortal reputation。Next，Bloom thinks the meaning of literature is open。The meaning does not exist in a single work，But it exists in the poet's diligent gesture，The pursuit of a person itself is meaning。Poetry "always centered on the subject，It is the relationship between people，It should not be reduced to a language problem "。Literature is not "zero -degree writing"，Not "The language itself can write poems。In fact, people are writing，People are thinking "。Emphasis on people and subjects，It is an important part of American humanism education，It has also become the point of distinguishing Drum and an important symbol for French theory。

bet365 best casino games Bluum is often criticized without fully practicing the view of Derida's deconstruction、Not purely deconstructists，However, Bloom does not move to Derida，Instead, it is based on the laws of literary criticism、Tradition of American literature and culture，Some principles of Drida borrowed and creative conversion，Fully integrates foreign resources into its own theoretical system。This strategy used by Bloom，A path for us to reveal the innovation of literary theory。

　　History and tradition and literature Revolutionary New

From the end of the 1960s to the 1970s，Bloom proposed "anxiety of influence", "six corrections ratio" and "misunderstanding"。But instead of saying that he proposed a new set of literary criticism methods，It is better to say that he provides people with a literary concept and a literary theory based on this。

Bloom's literary theory subverts the four elements of Ebrams' literary criticism。Abrams is a teacher of Bloom at Cornell University，He pointed out in his famous book "Mirror and Light"，The understanding of a piece of art always involves works、Artist、The world and the admirer four elements，"Although any decent theory considers all the four elements，However, we will see，Almost all theories only obviously tend to one element "。Whether it is imitation theory、Performance said、Objective to say it is still practical，All treat literature as the image of the world、The expression of the author's thoughts and emotions、Text composed of language or objects self -interpretation of readers。

Different views from Abrams，Bloom pointed out，Literature is an ambitious powerful author when facing the great predecessor writer，The expression of anxiety that is afraid of losing creativity，Therefore, bet365 best casino games the first is the performance of the author's psychology and will。other，To cope with the pressure of the predecessors，The ambitious authors adopted Crinemen (deviated from the predecessor)、Moshera (replenished predecessor)、Konisius (Varcation Self)、Devil (Defense Senior)、Ascsis (get rid of seniors)、Apo Furdis (stealing beams and columns) six strategies to correct the great works of their predecessors。There is no essential difference between its process and reader reading，All are a creative "misunderstanding"，So literary creation can also be regarded as a reader reaction theory。Bloom still believes，The creation and "misunderstanding" of literature through irony、Metaphor、Exaggerated language means to achieve，It is these language methods itself，That is to say，The essence of literature is the righteousness of language。So far，Bloom combined the work、Three elements of the author and readers，Constructing a unique view of literature。

The most amazing thing is，Bloom deliberately ignored the world of the four elements of Abrams' literary criticism，Emphasize history and tradition。He does not believe that the world itself has the essential nature，Literature is a reflection of this essence or direct or indirectly。History is the expansion of the world in time，Literature is continuously developing in history、Traditional changes，Is the metaphor of this stretching process。More importantly，During the traditional development process，Literature is not a simple inheritance for tradition。Eliot In "Tradition and Personal Talent", although emphasizing historical consciousness and literary traditions，But he believes that "the existing immortal Bet365 app download works are united to form a perfect system"，New works join this traditional time，"The entire existing system must be modified，Although the modification is minimal。So the relationship between each art and the entire system、ratio、Value has been re -adjusted; this means that the old things and new things are consistent "(" Eliot Literature Collection ")。But Bloom subverted Eliot's traditional view of literature。In his opinion，Literature tradition is not a perfect system，The complete inheritance of the newcomer to the predecessors is not the normal state of literature，They can only open the changing life by explaining the tradition，It is impossible to follow the old，completely consistent with tradition。So，Brum thinks，Literature is essentially the author's interpretation、In the process of resisting tradition，Show unlimited creativity through language、Infinite vitality and vitality。

The difference between Bloom literature theory is exactly the unique understanding of literature itself，Literary theory if you do not answer "What is literature"，Question about this fundamental question，It is impossible to propose a method with creativity and explanation。

　The professional spirit and social participation of literary critics

As a professor of literature for 60 years of teaching，Bloom did not sit in the old paper pile as old -fashioned，but actively facing society and readers，Published "Western Code", "Shakespeare -Creation", "Book of J", "How to read，Why Read "and many classic literary works Guide，The balance point was successfully found between the professional spirit of literary critics and social participation。

For Bloom，Literary criticism is not only to obtain Bet365 lotto review knowledge about literary works，And a social participation action，In the end, to reach the public、Effects that affect society。His method is to re -define Western classic works in accordance with the standards of "aesthetic" and "lofty"，I don't tirelessly preach the wisdom contained in the classics to the public、Emotional、Rich consciousness、Deep self。He firmly believes，Read Read Shakespeare、Milton、Shelley、Ye Zhi、Emerson、Whitman、Stevens and other writers' works，Personally can find it、Self -sinking self in modern society，Self -improvement is the step of social progress。

His fierce opposition to new historicalism、Post -colonialism、Feminism and other political nature、Social criticism method，The reason is that although these theoretical methods can make literary criticism intervene in reality，But its goal is too social、Politicalization，so deviated from literature and people itself。At the same time，Bloom is not indifferent to social change，Or indifferent to real politics。But he did not reveal history、Power、Economy、Politics、Language and other factors operating mechanisms in it，Instead, the "prescription" of literature was opened，Reading Emerson、Classic of Langgunus and others，Transform the entire society by transforming individuals。

Questions about how to read，Bloom believes that reading is a literary master、Thought giant to fight against。Reading and literary creation、Literature criticism，Not a literary classic and predecessor giant Gaoshan、Blindly echo，Instead, ordinary readers are required to raise themselves to the ideological level of the literary giant。View Wenhao、Find and improve Bet365 app download their deficiencies，You can raise yourself to a higher level and life realm。He seems conservative，But it actually keeps the bottom line of literary criticism。

(This article is the Study Research on Traditional Relations of Harold Bloom and Jewish Scriptures (14CWW001) in the National Social Science Fund Youth Project)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Shandong Normal University)