Before Ming Dynasty，There are very few anthologies dedicated to women’s poetry，Only found in "The Collection of Women" by Yin Chun bet365 new user promo Southern Dynasties、"Women's Poems" by Yan Jun、A few other types including "New Ode to Yaochi" written by Cai Shengfeng in the Tang Dynasty。Since Ming Dynasty，This situation has greatly improved，"The Works of a Lady"，Ming Dynasty people like to be editors" ("Summary bet365 new user promo General Catalog of Sikuquanshu")。According to Hu Wenkai's "A Study of Women's Writings in the Past Dynasties"，Jiajing、There were 4 anthologies of Ming Dynasty women’s poems during the Longqing period，Over 50 years from the 20th year of Wanli (1592) to the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644)，There are 41 anthologies of Ming Dynasty female poetry compiled by Ming people (30 of which were compiled by male anthologists)，The number far exceeds that bet365 new user promo previous generation。Zhu Yizun marveled at this grand occasion: "Liu Zhifen's "Cuilou Collection"、Yu Xianzhi's "Shuxiu Collection"、Zhou Lvjingzhi's "Selected Poems bet365 new user promo Palace Girl"、Zheng Yanzhi's "Compilation of Celebrities"、Mei Dingzuo's "Collection of Ladies" and "Green Nid Lotus"、Yao Lvzhi's "Shu"、Pan Zhiheng's "Eternal History"、Zhao Wenqi's "History of Women in Ancient and Modern Times"、"The Lady's Bag" by Wuming Zichi Shanggu、"Rouge Ji" by Takeura Soushi、"Red Banana Collection" by Lanling Zou、Jiang Bangshen's "Yutai Literature Garden"、Fang Weiyi's "History of Poetry in the Palace"、Shen Yixiu's "Thoughts of a Beautiful Woman"、Ji Xian's "Collection of Beauties"，His writing is also rich。” ("Jingzhiju Poetry Talk") Ming people compiled anthologies of women's poems in the Ming Dynasty and it became a fashion at that time。

　　The editors are mostly bet365 new user promo literati

Among the editors of anthologies of female poetry in the Ming Dynasty，Female editors are mostly from literary families and are quite famous。For example，Shen Yixiu (1590-1635), editor of "Yirensi"，She is the eldest daughter of Shen Jue, deputy commissioner of Shandong Province，Shen Jing’s niece，The wife of Ye Shao Yuan, a doctor in the Ministry of Industry，She herself is also well-known for her poetry and prose。Fang Weiyi (1585-1668), editor of "The History of Poetry in the Palace"，The second daughter of Dali Qing Fang Dazhen，Chen Weisong commented on his "articles of great support"，Wonderful than the Cao family" ("Women's Collection")。Qian Qianyi commented on it: "Weiyi's "History of Poems bet365 new user promo Palace Girl"，The Lord is in trouble，Ou Mingfenglie，A gentleman respects his ambition。” (Collection of Poems from Dynasties)

Most bet365 new user promo compilers of female poetry anthologies in the Ming Dynasty were male literati，These literati are mostly on the margins of society，Often unknown，Such as Zheng Wenang ("Poems of Ancient and Modern Ladies")、Guo Wei ("Selected Poems of Women in Ancient and Modern Times")、Ma Jiasong ("The Sound of Flower Mirrors")、Zhou Gongfu ("Ancient and Modern Brothel Collection")、Li Hu ("Gusu Xinke Tongguan Yibiao") etc.，Most bet365 new user promo biographical information is unknown，Occasionally it appears in historical materials but only in fragments。For example，Ma Jiasong (year of birth and death unknown)，One of Shen Jiyou's poems is recorded in Volume 22 of "Li Poetry Series"；Li Hu (1524—？），Gongshengguanjixi main book。

among male editors，Some are frustrated scholars who have repeatedly failed in scientific examinations。For example，Mao Yuchang ("Poems bet365 new user promo Four Empresses of Qinhuai") failed to pass the provincial examination many times；Pan Zhiheng (1556-1622) ("Eternal History") failed to take the three-year provincial examination；Mei Dingzuo (1549-1615) ("Lady's Collection" and "Green Mud Lotus") failed to take the autumn examination，Return to hometown；Tian Yiheng (1524—？) ("History of Poetic Women") Every eight people failed to pass the provincial examination。Some are even pseudonymous editors。One is a person from outside the Taoist community，Like a Guest on the Pool ("The Lady's Bag")、Master of Zhuxi ("Fengyun Love Letter")、Yu Chuanlai ("Collection of Poems of Loujiang Ladies")，Xin'an Zangjuesheng Collection、Huancheng Zixiao ("Yezhuxuan Seal Carving Female Showmen bet365 new user promo Past") etc.。These pseudonymous editors，Full of Taoist color that transcends the secular world。The second is to name celebrities at the time，For example, "Poems of Ladies Returning", which contains the most female poems in the Ming Dynasty, was compiled under the name Zhong Xing，There are at least 80 named commentators in "The History of Women in Ancient and Modern Times" compiled by Zhao Shijie，Including Yang Shen bet365 new user promo Ming Dynasty、Pan Zhiheng、Xu Wei、Wang Yangming、Tu Long、Wang Bailu、Mao Kun、Tang Bohu、Li Zhuowu、Yuan Zhonglang、Zhong Xing、Li Panlong、Wang Shizhen and other celebrities。

In ancient China，Even on the margins of society，Literati generally will not give up their right to authorship，However, some male editors of female poetry anthologies in the Ming Dynasty gave up their right of authorship and signed the names of others，This is worth thinking about。A person from outside the Taoist community，Shows male literati’s yearning for freedom beyond the secular world，Frustration towards irrelevant politics；An authoritative selection and commentary by a "famous public scholar" with great social prestige，In addition to booksellers’ pursuit of profits，The male editor also hopes to increase contemporary attention to women’s creations，In order to improve the status of female poets in the literary world，Enable women’s works to enter the ranks of classics。At the same time，Male editors hope to establish a new literary perspective by editing and selecting female bet365 new user promo，Realizing the desire to return to the center of literature。

　　Put forward the literary concept of "bet365 new user promo are pure things"

Because of being on the edge of society，These male literati cherish each other for talented women in similar situations to themselves，Almost obsessively organize and collect women’s works，And use this to express your own literary views。Male literati compiling anthologies of women’s poetry in the Ming Dynasty，Pay more attention to the aesthetic standard of "clearness"。The anthology of female poems "The Return of Celebrities' Poems" compiled by Zhong Xing cleverly connects "Qing" with female creation，And put forward the literary concept of "poems are pure things"。Editor’s opinion，Women are indifferent to fame and wealth，Poetry creation is more pure，Has the quality of "pureness" in aesthetics: "This is because women are not used to the duties of servants and horses，Moss fragrant tree，Nourishment and incense，It is peaceful and elegant... but the woman is not so good，There are villages and counties between quilt pillows，There is a barrier between dreams and souls，Wei Qing so it is。" ("Return to the Poems of Famous Ladies") Zhong Xing bet365 new user promo Jingling School also emphasized that poetry must have a "pure" spirit，Proposed: "Poetry，Qingwuye。He is in good health，If you don’t work, don’t do it；The land is happy and pure，If it’s dirty, say no；The environment is secluded，Miscellaneous or otherwise；Random number，There is someone who can defeat women。" ("Preface to Jian Yuantang's Recent Poems") Zhong Xing thinks，The characteristic of "purity" is "net、You、伊”。The so-called "purity"，Stay away from worldly filth，Keep your mind quiet；The so-called "secret"，That is, maintaining inner spiritual independence；The so-called "yi"，That is, maintain the true nature of your life。Here，"Qing" is an ethereal and noble state。

"Qing" is an important category in Chinese classical aesthetics。Shuowen Jiezi explains: "Qing，朖也，The appearance of clear water。”As an aesthetic concept，“Qing” is related to the “Character Theory” in literary criticism bet365 new user promo Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，"The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons: The Bone of Character" says: "The conclusion is straightforward，The bones bet365 new user promo text are complete；In high spirits，The style of writing is clear。”When compiling an anthology of women’s poetry，Literati in the Ming Dynasty proposed the standard of "Qing"，In fact, it is the inheritance and development bet365 new user promo "Character Theory" bet365 new user promo Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，To increase contemporary people’s attention to women and their creations，It is also a unique presentation bet365 new user promo academic atmosphere and poetic criticism perspective bet365 new user promo Ming Dynasty。

This academic atmosphere and poetic criticism perspective are clearly reflected in the anthology of women's poems in the Ming Dynasty。Male editors in the Ming Dynasty believed that "Qing" was a characteristic of women and their literature，As Ge Zhengqi said, "It is not because bet365 new user promo beautiful spirit of heaven and earth，Not attracted to men，If the field of words in the universe，Should belong to women" ("Preface to Yutai Wenyuan")，Zou Yi said, "The Qiankun Qing Shu Qi is not in love with the man，And Mrs. Zhong" ("Preface to the Collection of Red Bananas")。Wang Shilu quoted "Jade Mirror Yangqiu" as saying: "With Bi Jie Yuan，Also talented。The spirit bet365 new user promo heroic spirits of heaven and earth，Those who don’t like men but like women？" ("A Study bet365 new user promo Art and Literature of Gonggui Clan") In addition，They also advocate that "purity" is the most important thing in poetry，And use the "Qing" standard to comment on women's works，Think that these works have the characteristics of simplicity and simplicity、翛然物wai、High sentiments sent far away、Qin’s thoughts are subtle and other characteristics。For the first time, a male editor uses "Qing" to evaluate female poetry works，And connected with the character of female poets，This not only brought a revolutionary change to literary criticism，It also inspired women’s confidence in writing poetry，And had an important influence on Qing Dynasty literature。"Collection of Women bet365 new user promo Qing Dynasty，Super Yi Previous Generation，More than three thousand" ("A Study of Women's Writings in the Past Dynasties")，There are many works by female writers in the Qing Dynasty，Became a significant symbol bet365 new user promo prosperity of female literature in the Qing Dynasty。

　　Adhere to the bet365 new user promo selection criteria of “morality first”

Put forward the literary concept of "bet365 new user promo are pure things"，In fact, it implies that the male editor is reclusive and independent、The pursuit of "virtue" of integrity and integrity。"Qing" is connected with moral character，It can be traced back to the Taoist ideal of tranquility and inaction，Later, Wang Chong's "Lunheng Dingxian" "Guard oneself with Qing Jie"，The strong character of not lowering one’s aspirations and humiliating one’s being a virtuous person，To the Ming Dynasty，There are Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" "Qing Zhe"，The extraordinary and extraordinary temperament。

Male editors in the Ming Dynasty pursued "Qing" as a kind of "virtue"，When compiling an anthology of women’s poetry，Adhere to the standard of “morality first”。For example，In the first year of Longqing (1566), Li Hucai’s criteria for editing and selecting the "Gusu Xinke Tongguan Yibian" were: "Learning and practicing well"，Make it your first choice；Words are better than words，After taking the second column；Learn rich and behave dirty，Continued to one episode；Don’t end up being a concubine and a prostitute，Morality first, then literature and art。" ("Preface to the Collection of Newly-Engraved Tongguan Legacy in Gusu") "Newly-Engraved Tongguan Collection" edited by Hu Wenhuan，Also "talented and virtuous，Included in the previous episode；Words are better than words，Included in later collection；Learn to be rich and do evil，Listed in sequel”。Compiled by Qian Qianyi、Liu Rushi's review bet365 new user promo "Collection of Poems of Dynasties" "Xiang Lian" in the previous collection is also arranged according to virtue，"On the Coupon" is a work of collecting royal concubines and chaste women commended by the court，"Xiangqianzhong" is a collection of family members of scholar-bureaucrats and ordinary ladies，"Under the Bedroom" collects the poems bet365 new user promo brothel singer。For the brothel singer，Liu Rushi also decides the number of selected poems based on his character，Ru Wang Wei on the occasion bet365 new user promo death of Ming Dynasty，Swear to the death，Show generous and patriotic noble integrity，Therefore, 61 of his poems were selected；Vice versa，Yang Wanyin’s bad conduct，Hardly selected his poems。Wang Shilu quoted "Jade Mirror Yangqiu" as saying: "The style of Wan poetry is both weak，Relapse into obscene language，It’s far away to repair Wei (Wang Wei)。"The selected poems from "The Return of Celebrities' Poems" compiled by Zhong Xing also adhere to the standard of "morality first"，Volume 36 records 98 poems by Wang Wei，Only one Yang Wan poem recorded in Volume 35。

Adhere to the editing and selection criteria of “morality first”，Shows the male editor’s praise and affirmation bet365 new user promo female poet’s character，Also reflects their insistence on their own integrity and independence。Although frustrated in career，But they still spare no effort to collect、Compiling and publishing women’s poetry，Pursue the elegance and elegance in literature，Pursue integrity and integrity in life，This effort and persistence is respectable。This is the unique charm bet365 new user promo Ming Dynasty female poetry anthology based on gender but far beyond gender，This is also its value。

(This article is a phased result bet365 new user promo National Social Science Fund general project "Examination of Female Writers in the Ming Dynasty" (19BZW074)

(Author’s affiliation: bet365 new user promo of Humanities, Beijing Open University)