The academic community usually believes that growth novels originated in the West。It is based on Western scholars' relatively mature definition of growth novels，William Dilai、Lukac、Bakhtin、Abrams、Marcos and other scholars have discussed this; there are still a large number of related texts in the West，As early as 18、In the 19th century, there were Moritz "Anton · Lai Sui"、Goeta's "William Master's Study Age" and Mark Twen's "Tom Sona Alex Adventure" and other works。According to the West's definition of growth novels，China has neither related works nor corresponding theoretical construction。From this conclusion，There is no growth novel in traditional Chinese literature，Modern growth novels are exogenous concepts。The biggest problem of this reasoning is to use the standards of Western growth novels as reference to outline or define the actual development of Chinese literature。Actually，There is no growth novel in the Western sense in traditional Chinese literature，But there has always been a growth mother question，and the growth of the growth mother in different times、Very rich presentation in different styles。Unfortunately，The discussion of the academic community is far from enough。

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2018，The theme of the World Philosophy Conference held in Beijing is "Learning to adults"。"Learning to adults" highlights the Bet365 lotto review importance of traditional Chinese culture for adult views。American scholar An Lezhe believes，The concept of "learning with adults" is another explanation given to the new concept of people in the Western new philosophy of the West。("Learning to adults": On the contribution of Confucianism to the change of world cultural order ") Fang Litian believes，The main body of traditional Chinese culture -the central care and fundamental purpose of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is to teach people how to be a person。("Essentials of Chinese Buddhism Philosophy") The growth of Chinese traditional culture is not the growth of a certain age，Instead, the entire life course of the individual is used as a consideration object，The ultimate goal is to transcend the limited life。

Confucianism believes that the goal of "adult" is "to become self -made"。"Book of Rites · The Golden Mean" said: "The sincerity is not self -contained，So the material also。Cheng Ji，Ren Ye;，Zhiye。Sexual virtue，The way of the outside world also。"" That is to say，It is not enough to achieve yourself just，Also achieve external everything。"Adults" must not only achieve "becoming self" on the basis of "the grid to know the sincerity and the family"，Also "object" on the basis of knowing destiny，That is "governing the country and the world"。

Taoism directly expands people's growth to "Both the heavens and the earth and me，and the vast universe of all things with me "，The advocates must "know often"，Follow the rules of "shining in the Bet365 lotto review sky"，Natural evolution that promotes all things。Taoist's "adult" goal is the true state of "returning to baby" and "seeing the vegetarian Park"，is surpassing life and death、I and Fei、I and Fei、Subjective and objective, etc.、"Xiaoyaoyou"。

Buddhism has gradually become localized since the introduction of the two Han Dynasty in my country。During the localization process，Buddhism is deeply influenced by Chinese cosmic theory and virtue theory。The Buddha means "Awareness"。"Awareness" is to break my insistence、Fa Di，Is a complete "heartlessness"，From the fundamental to remove people’s heart。Therefore, Buddhism will not look at the growth stage of people，It pays attention to the integration of human nature and Buddhism。

This can be seen，Confucianism and Taoism are opposed to splitting people's growth with the transformation of natural things。Therefore，Adults in traditional Chinese culture are not limited to individual growth，Instead of pursuing heaven and man。

　　The evolution of the growth mother question in traditional literature

From the perspective of anthropology，Growing Mother Question originated from adult ceremony。This mother question is in myth、Epic is often manifested as heroes from home、Welcome to the test and obtain a certain mysterious ability，Finally returned to build merit，Such as the epic "King Gesar"。Japanese scholar Ito Kiyoshi believes，Shun was repeatedly placed by his father and younger brother on the test of death and Yao's test，It is likely to be an adult Bet365 lotto review ritual。("Difficulty Proposal Story、Adult ritual and Yao Shun Zen let legends ") Treasure hunt in folklore、Test、Solving problems and other topics can also be regarded as deformation of adult ceremony，If the story of "splitting the mountains and saving the mother" in the folk legend。Agarwood is saving mother，Lear from home to learn art，After suffering, I finally split the mountain when I was adult，Let the Lotus Lantern be brought to light。Myth，Erlang God Yang Yan split Tao Mountain to save his mother and Agarwood split Huashan Save the same story type。

Song and Yuan Dynasties，Growth mother in literature is increasingly concerned about heart practice，The ultimate goal of growth is to become Shengcheng Xiancheng Buddha，The "Du" mode in the Yuan Miscellaneous Drama developed from this development。For example，Nezha troubled sea of ​​dragons、Bone is still kiss、Rebirth is immortal and other deeds in the Song Dynasty "Jingde Lantern" and "Five Lantern Festival" and other books.。In the Ming Miscellaneous Drama "Three Change of the Three Change" and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty novel "Three Education Source Search Search God Daquan"，The growth process of "Dent" in Nezha gradually became plump。and the Ming Dynasty's novel "Fengshen Romance"，Basic Format of the image of Nezha: Lingzhu reincarnation、Seven -year -old troubled sea、Cutting meat and bone、Lotus Revolution、Bao Zhou Destroy、Persons become holy。

Growing Mother Question is very prominent in the Ming Dynasty Practice bet365 Play online games Demon Novels。The most typical performance of the Chinese -style growth mother is undoubtedly the spiritual growth of Sun Wukong in the "Journey to the West" in the Ming Dynasty。Sun Wukong's heroic adventure from stubborn monkeys to "fighting Buddha" almost interprets various forms of growth。In the Ming Dynasty, comparable to the novel "Journey to the West"，Also known as "The Biography of the Five Hyloss Ling Emperor Huaguang King"，The protagonist Hua Guangyu is unruly、Contempt for power and be infatuated with the growth history of mother grace，It is comparable to Sun Wukong's hero growth process。

Growth Mother Question is more inclined to reflect the ideal of life in the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels.。Qing Dynasty Li Luyuan's "Destroyer Lantern" detailed describing the story of Tan Shaowen's prodigal son back to change gold。Tan Shaowen has said cautiously in his father's management since childhood、Learn from one heart。Unfortunately, the youth is lost，Mother is negligible for discipline。Still Tan Shaowen, who is still a minor, cannot resist the temptation of the outside world，Masked dog horse，It was not until the loyalty funeral industry suddenly woke up，And with the help of family and friends abandon the dark、Emphasizes it，Finally built merit。The growth story of Tan Shaowen became a warning of feudal scholars' children on the beam of evil road。The famous world novels of the Qing Dynasty Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" and Gao Yan continued to present a variety of types of growth。Jia Baoyu bet365 Play online games born from the titled jade experienced a love and hate in Fugui Township，19 years old and get rid of the reputation。But his nephew Jia Lan is willing to learn from childhood、After the imperial examination, re -revive the family，Its growth is a typical Confucian child growth mode of the Confucian children who study the world。

Generally speaking，Growth mother in traditional Chinese literature is more concerned about how to achieve the ultimate goal of life，The growth of a person does not specifically refers to the fragmented growth of a certain age stage，So it shows the appearance that is very different from Western growth novels。Western growth novels are age、The maturity of mind or the establishment of the subjectiveness as a target。Chinese -style growing mother's title performance is a kind of continuous upward growth，The ultimate goal is to surpass life of life。and this goal is obviously not a youth stage that can be done，but the life pursuit of a person。

Sort out the growth mother questions in traditional Chinese literature，Not for interpretation、Prove or replace the concept of growth novels in the West，Instead, try to reveal another evolution path of the literary state under the framework of Western literary criticism，and finally dig in depth、Organization、On the basis of researching traditional culture，Construction of local literary criticism standards with subjectivity and originality。

(This article is the Study of Chinese Social Science Fund Project "Research on Modern Evolution of Chinese Children's Literature and Traditional bet365 live casino games Cultural Relations" (19BZM146) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Literature of Qufu Normal University)