The issue of authorship is a classic topic in literary theory。Western authorship theory has experienced the transition from authorship theory、The evolution process from bet365 kentucky bonus code-centrism to text-centrism。The theory of authorial divinity was originally a classical poetic view proposed by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato，Emphasize that the poet’s creative inspiration comes from divine revelation。Interpreted by Aristotle and other scholars，This theory gradually turns to bet365 kentucky bonus code-centered theory。Before the mid-19th century，Experiencing the Renaissance、Romanticism、The social trends of enlightenment and rationalism，The bet365 kentucky bonus code-centered theory that emphasizes the bet365 kentucky bonus code's creative power and the bet365 kentucky bonus code's authority over the text prevails。After the 20th century，Catalyzed by the linguistic turn in the field of philosophy and the structuralist trend of thought，bet365 kentucky bonus code-centrism tends to text-centrism。1960s，Two classic papers by French thinkers - Roland Barthes's "The Death of the bet365 kentucky bonus code" and Michel Foucault's "What is the bet365 kentucky bonus code" announced the establishment of text-centrism。The so-called "text-centered theory"，That is, emphasizing the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s departure from the text，The reader or critic replaces the bet365 kentucky bonus code to obtain the authoritative position of text interpretation。

　　The occurrence of the word "bet365 kentucky bonus code"

Compared with the West，The concept of authorship in China also has a long history。The word "bet365 kentucky bonus code" first appeared in pre-Qin literature，Rich meaning。For example, "The Analects of Confucius·Xianwen" "There are seven authors"，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” refers to “the hermit”；"Book of Rites and Music" "The bet365 kentucky bonus code is called a saint，The narrator calls it “Ming”，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” refers to “the maker of ritual music”；"Xunzi Zhenglun Chapter" "The bet365 kentucky bonus code is ominous"，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” refers to “the bet365 kentucky bonus code”；"Guanzi·Du Di" "If there is a disease caused by confinement, do not treat it"，"bet365 kentucky bonus code" refers to "the person who serves as a corvee"；"Han Feizi·Jie Lao" "The bet365 kentucky bonus code will lose his merit if he moves several times"，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” refers to “worker”；etc.。This period，The word "bet365 kentucky bonus code" has not yet been fixed，"Zuo" and "Zhe" are a loose combination in word formation，"bet365 kentucky bonus code" does not yet mean "bet365 kentucky bonus code"。Until the Western Han Dynasty，The word "bet365 kentucky bonus code" appears under the title of the book listed in Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies"，Only "bet365 kentucky bonus code" has the meaning of "writer"，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” becomes a proper noun，The meaning of "article writer" appeared around the Eastern Han Dynasty。

　The meaning of "bet365 kentucky bonus code" indicating "writer" appeared later，The concept of "bet365 kentucky bonus code" in the pre-Qin period，Almost irrelevant to the writing。In terms of cultural creation，Early China also experienced the concept of divine authorship。Shang and Zhou Dynasties，Kings often obtain legal production behaviors granted by God through divination。This concept of "bet365 kentucky bonus code" is inherited by Confucianism，Confucian scholars represented by Confucius believe that，Only saints、Only the monarch has the right to "make"。The meaning of "bet365 kentucky bonus code" beyond the meaning of cultural creation，Almost no emphasis on the sense of sacredness，“bet365 kentucky bonus code” means “laborer”, “corvee person”, etc.，His identity is the lower class people；In certain contexts, it also means “the originator” and “the hidden one” etc.。Therefore，The concept of authorship in early China was relatively complex，The specific meaning needs to be determined according to different discourse systems。

Due to the heavy writing materials in early China，And affected by the cultural monopoly of historians，The dissemination of knowledge and information is mainly word of mouth，Therefore，The intellectual class in society pays special attention to the role of speech，And gradually formed the cultural tradition of "standing up"。Early texts such as "Warring States Policy", "Zuo Zhuan" and "The Analects of Confucius" are mostly developed in the form of dialogues where characters speak，The main body of the chapter is often formed in the form of "so-and-so said", "so-and-so said", "so-and-so reported", "so-and-so said"。These forms of speech，Some are daily conversations，Some discuss philosophical thoughts、Principle，Elegant and upright writing，Not like everyday spoken language，Can be seen as a work with an independent point of view embedded in the text。The speaker who is placed in front of words，is equivalent to the bet365 kentucky bonus code of the work。They present text content through rhetoric，No need to personally participate in the writing and production of the text。Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，Official education moved down，All schools of thought are trying to propagate Shizong’s doctrine，They all spoke on bamboo and silk，The rise of Zishu。At that time，Zishu still inherits the characteristic of official letters being generally unsigned，However, there is a phenomenon of using people’s names to mark treatises to distinguish them from other books，This shows that the preliminary concept of authorship was already in place at that time。But overall，The concept of authorship is still not strong，The main purpose of each discussion is to save the current situation，Academic、Speech is still the public weapon of the world。

　　Mencius’ theory of authorship

Writing concepts、The middle and late Warring States Period when the concept of authorship was increasingly strengthened，The theory of "knowing people and analyzing the world" and "using one's will to counter one's will" proposed by Mencius，is the earliest bet365 kentucky bonus code theory in China，Almost throughout the entire Chinese academic history。"Knowing people and commenting on the world" means reciting poems、To read, you need to understand the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s life experiences，Only then can we get the essentials。The meaning of "to use one's will against one's will" is to use the reader's mind to deduce the bet365 kentucky bonus code's original intention。This theory was put forward in response to the common practice of reading poems out of context among scholars at that time。The method of "contrary to one's will with one's will" is to elucidate the meaning behind the speech，This misunderstanding can be avoided to a certain extent。Mencius’ bet365 kentucky bonus code theory emphasizes that the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s intention is the authority of text interpretation，But it is also essentially a way of reading literature。This way of reading gives readers a lot of autonomy，But whether it can truly interpret the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s original meaning，It is difficult to have absolute standards。Compared with the Western "bet365 kentucky bonus code-centered theory" and "text-centered theory" which emphasize the bet365 kentucky bonus code or the reader respectively and ignore one side，Mencius’ bet365 kentucky bonus code theory attaches great importance to the dialogue between the bet365 kentucky bonus code and the reader，The rationality of this theory must require that the work must have a confirmed bet365 kentucky bonus code。This also shows that in the middle and late Warring States Period，The scholar class has generally had the concept of authorship。

Mencius’ bet365 kentucky bonus code theory emphasizes that writings must be attributed to the bet365 kentucky bonus code，Has a profound influence on the concept of authorship and research methods after Han Dynasty。"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" written by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty divides books into six categories，List the title of each category first，Re-list the number of volumes，The next step is to examine the bet365 kentucky bonus code。Those who know the bet365 kentucky bonus code，List their names；Those who don’t know，Unknown。There are books named after the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s surname，There are also those who verify the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s name in the notes。Catalogue of books from Liu Xin to Ban Gu，The cataloging model of "bet365 kentucky bonus code-related books" has been established。However, the corresponding relationship between the bet365 kentucky bonus code and the text is not confirmed in the Han Dynasty bibliographic catalogue，The comments only verify the possible authors。Sima Qian、Wang Chong and others discussed pre-Qin literature，There is a one-to-one definite relationship between the bet365 kentucky bonus code and the work，This is obviously inconsistent with the complex book-writing process in the pre-Qin era where works were not produced by one person。After Sui and Tang Dynasties，Ask for the bet365 kentucky bonus code of ancient books，It has almost become a common practice among scholars。"Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" contains Pre-Qin Zi Shu，Must be under the book title，Describe the bet365 kentucky bonus code and how he wrote。To this，Yu Jiaxi once criticized the records in "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" in "General Rules of Ancient Books" for not conforming to the style of ancient books。

　　The basis of bet365 kentucky bonus code forgery detection

From Mencius、Sima Qian、Liu Xin、Ban Gu、Wang Chongdao "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi"，The phenomenon of confirming the specific authorship of Pre-Qin Zishu，Indicates that the concept of authorship among Chinese scholars is gradually ingrained，This not only strengthens the academic foundation of the text bet365 kentucky bonus code theory，At the same time, it also laid the foundation for Chinese counterfeiting studies。After Tang and Song Dynasties，Scholars pay special attention to the authenticity of pre-Qin books，Liu Zhiji from the Tang Dynasty、Zhao Kuang、Lu Chun、Han Yu to Ouyang Xiu of Song Dynasty、Sima Guang、Su Che and others，And then to Song Lian in the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Gong Zizhen、Wei Yuan、Kang Youwei and others participated in the discussion on the authenticity of Pre-Qin Zi’s books。Pursuing the inconsistencies between the text content and the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s information has become one of the ways to detect forgeries in ancient books。Hu Yinglin's "Four Parts of True Corruption"、"The Authenticity and Age of Ancient Books" by Liang Qichao、Zhang Xincheng’s three works "Tongkao of Fake Books" all summarize the methods of "forgery" in ancient books，The ways in which the bet365 kentucky bonus code is mentioned as “falsifying” generally include mistitled authors、Added without bet365 kentucky bonus code、Three categories of authors who make false claims。Nowadays, Chinese classical philology textbooks such as Zhang Sanxi's "Chinese Classical Philology"、Zhao Zhenduo's "Knowledge of Ancient Documents" and others all involve the definition of the concept of "fake books"。The "bet365 kentucky bonus code-work" model has also become a fixed research model for majors in literature and history。A work without an bet365 kentucky bonus code or with unreal bet365 kentucky bonus code information seems to cause panic，Research on the authorship of classic works such as "The Plum in the Golden Lotus", "A Dream of Red Mansions" and "Journey to the West"，Becoming an important issue that contemporary scholars pay attention to。This has also led to the "bet365 kentucky bonus code-work" model becoming a fixed research model for majors related to literature and history。The current writing methods of many "Chinese Literature History" textbooks，Basically follows the "bet365 kentucky bonus code-work" model。Ruan Zhong said in the article "Reexamination and Reflection on the Writing of Chinese Literary History": "The guiding principles of writing the history of literature，In my opinion, it is still Mencius’ theory of ‘knowing people and analyzing the world’。”

It can be said，Mencius’s theory of “knowing people and analyzing the world” and “using one’s will to counter one’s will”，Established the history of Chinese interpretation、Theoretical basis of the history of reading and the history of forgery identification。But after Mencius，China does not have a systematic bet365 kentucky bonus code theory like the West，What is presented is mostly the practice of Mencius’ bet365 kentucky bonus code theory。The reason，On the one hand，With version、Directory、Collation、Traditional Chinese scholarship dominated by text interpretation，Pay special attention to the content and dissemination of the text，Authorship is only a way to assist text research，This leads to scholars’ lack of theoretical understanding of the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s identity attached to the text；On the other hand，In the long years of more than two thousand years，There was no series of social trends in ancient China that promoted the emergence of bet365 kentucky bonus code theory like in the West，Resulting in the lack of corresponding theoretical soil for the construction of authorship。However，The advancement of research on authorship is crucial to the evolution of traditional Chinese scholarship。Chinese bibliography emphasizes the "academic study of distinguishing chapters"，The origin of the examination”，Authorship in text generation、Playing a leading role in the evolution of academic history。Therefore，Specialized research that ignores authorship issues，It is a major lack in traditional Chinese academic history。Putting the issue of authorship on the research table，Concept about the bet365 kentucky bonus code、bet365 kentucky bonus code function、Special discussion on the bet365 kentucky bonus code’s concepts and other issues，It will definitely further promote the development and improvement of traditional Chinese academic history research。

(bet365 kentucky bonus code’s unit: Institute of Advanced Confucian Studies, Shandong University)