British Victorian writer、Designer、William Morris, leader of the Arts and Crafts Movement，Actively advocate the revival of the spirit of medieval humanism in literary works and artistic design，Advocate creative bet365 bonus code indiana，Establishment to eliminate class exploitation、An equal society with a gap between rich and poor，Achieving Happy Work for Everyone、Enjoy a happy life、The social ideal of maintaining aesthetic taste。Morris thinks，Art can show the ideal picture that people aspire to achieve，Heralds the ultimate significance of civilization progress，Socialism is the prerequisite for art to grow organically and flourish。Because，Only socialism can bring true freedom and equality，Thus allowing art to "take root and sprout in the soil of a rich and calm life"。Morris’s socialist ideas are different from Thomas More、The utopian socialism of Robert Owen and others，But a kind of "socialism from the perspective of an artist"。Artistic socialism is Morris’s political belief、Aesthetic ideals and creative purposes。

Morris insists on the integration of the aesthetic function of art and the social transformation function，He uses bet365 bonus code indiana as his entry point，From bet365 bonus code indiana to art、Politics、Aesthetic、Starting from the interactive relationship between morals，Imagine the future bet365 bonus code indiana model and bet365 bonus code indiana relations，Criticize the oppression and alienation of bet365 bonus code indiana and workers in capitalist society，Actively provide theoretical support for the socialist cause。In the novel "News from Utopia" published in 1888，Morris travels through time and space through the protagonist Geist，Using a defamiliarization perspective, he observed a future quasi-communist society in Britain，And through him and New World Resident Dick、Old Hammond、Communication between Clara, Ellen and others，In-depth、Systematically explores the construction model and operating mechanism of communist society。"News from Utopia" and a series of socialist-themed speeches given by Morris between 1883 and 1894，For example, "Effective work and ineffective bet365 bonus code indiana", "Ordinary but important art", "How do I become a socialist", etc. form echoes，is an important literary interpretation of Morris’s artistic socialist thought。

　　Art Socialist View of bet365 bonus code indiana

In literary creations such as the novel "News from Utopia"，Morris uses a lot of space to lay out joyful bet365 bonus code indiana scenes for readers，Outlines health in ideal bet365 bonus code indiana relations、The face of free laborers，Depicts the nature they live in、Pleasant working environment，Praises the aesthetic and artistic value of the high-quality bet365 bonus code indiana products they enjoy。

The laboring subject is Morris's primary concern in "The News from Utopia"。The protagonist who traveled from the dull and depressing society of the 19th century made a surprising discovery，In this land of no where，Workers have achieved complete equality and freedom。They consciously follow the simplest moral principles: bet365 bonus code indiana is both a right and an obligation，The only difference in bet365 bonus code indiana is the division of bet365 bonus code indiana，There is no distinction between high and low；Workers do not need to be forced to assume bet365 bonus code indiana responsibilities and tasks assigned by society，They remain active in bet365 bonus code indiana、A healthy look。For example，The boatman Dick who "ferries" the protagonist Geist from the old world to the new world，Also knowledgeable and sensible、A well-informed gentleman，Another ordinary worker who is keen on farm work；Whether it is an intellectual in the study，Still a craftsman on a construction site，Everyone must engage in moderate physical bet365 bonus code indiana，To balance their excessive investment in mental work；Everyone is equal before bet365 bonus code indiana，Women enjoy broad bet365 bonus code indiana options，Klarna、The outstanding intellectual and creative work of Ellen, the female engraver Philippa and others are widely respected and recognized。In "News from Utopia"，bet365 bonus code indiana is not just for the production of material products necessary for social development，It is also an important way for workers to educate themselves and improve themselves。

Morris mentioned it many times in his speeches，A pleasant working environment is a symbol of civilization，And crowded、Pollution、ugly、Boring and so on are the results of capitalist production’s pursuit of profit。In "News from Utopia" and his contemporary fantasy novels "The Shining Plain", "The Forest Beyond the World" and "The Well at the End of the World"，Morris used a lot of pen and ink to depict workers in nature、Beautiful、Scene of bet365 bonus code indiana in a harmonious environment。Outdoors in the wilderness，People draw artistic inspiration from nature，Produce useful products while working happily，Forming a harmonious symbiosis between man and nature；In indoor factory，People are being decent、Get rid of the shackles of mechanized production as much as possible in a comfortable environment，And properly use science and technology to free workers from boring work。Also，Morris emphasized that workers should have diverse work options and adequate rest rights。He thinks，Do different kinds of work and “get quality and quantity of rest”，Can relieve work fatigue and fatigue，To a certain extent, improve the interest of workers when working、Freshness and creativity。

In a speech entitled "Effective Work and Ineffective bet365 bonus code indiana"，Morris proposed that work can be divided into two types: one is effective work；One is ineffective bet365 bonus code indiana。Effective work produces useful bet365 bonus code indiana products that can be shared by the public；Ineffective bet365 bonus code indiana produces useless commodities that satisfy the bourgeoisie’s pursuit of wealth。Effective work is part of the happy life of workers，Ineffective bet365 bonus code indiana can only lead to a waste of bet365 bonus code indiana force。In "News from Utopia"，Workers pruned fields like gardens，Build an elegant and gorgeous church，Make exquisite and beautiful clothes and accessories，All these products of bet365 bonus code indiana are shared by workers，"Let all people not only rely on it to maintain their lives，And you can also enjoy the fun of life”。On the use of consumer goods，Everyone can still get what they need，Show your own personality and aesthetic pursuit，Avoiding the danger of homogenization and unification。

　The ideological connotation of Morris’s view of bet365 bonus code indiana

Morris’s attention and thinking on bet365 bonus code indiana issues originated from his careful observation of the contradictions in British society at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and his concerns about the development prospects of Western civilization，He also read a lot of Marx and Owen during this period，Related to accepting the enlightenment of socialist ideas。He joined the socialist group "Democratic League" in 1883，And declared himself a socialist；1884，Due to different social concepts，He quits the Democratic Alliance，And participated in the creation of the "Socialist Alliance"。Morris’s view of bet365 bonus code indiana reflects his aesthetic ideal as an artist and his revolutionary strategy as a reformer。His thinking on the ideal bet365 bonus code indiana model stems from his high recognition of Marx’s alienated bet365 bonus code indiana theory，And to British writers、A deep understanding of critic John Ruskin’s concept of “happy bet365 bonus code indiana”。Morris’s view of bet365 bonus code indiana has rich ideological connotations。

The revelation and criticism of capitalist bet365 bonus code indiana relations is the realistic foundation of Morris’s view of bet365 bonus code indiana。Morris’s view，In capitalist society，Workers are forced to work，Painful bet365 bonus code indiana process、Depression，Owning the products of bet365 bonus code indiana has become the privilege of the parasitic bourgeoisie。The capitalist production model deprives workers of their right to enjoy happy bet365 bonus code indiana，It also results in a huge waste of bet365 bonus code indiana: the poor cannot afford the necessary items for a decent life，Forced to use a large number of inferior substitutes，The rich have extra money to buy luxury goods。This capitalist method of bet365 bonus code indiana，Imoral from a moral perspective，It’s unfair from a political point of view，Aesthetically ugly。To change this situation，Only by overthrowing the capitalist system。

Marx’s theory of alienated bet365 bonus code indiana is the theoretical basis of Morris’s view of bet365 bonus code indiana。Marx proposed，The pursuit of profits by the bourgeoisie under the capitalist system not only causes the alienation of the mode of bet365 bonus code indiana production，It also creates a relationship between workers and bet365 bonus code indiana products、The alienation of the relationship between workers and even between workers and their selves。bet365 bonus code indiana is no longer to satisfy people’s fundamental needs，It has become a means to satisfy various needs other than bet365 bonus code indiana。Workers “do not affirm themselves in their own bet365 bonus code indiana，But deny yourself，Not feeling happy，But feel unfortunate” (Marx’s words)。Morris applied Marx’s theory of alienated bet365 bonus code indiana to the field of artistic production，Then expanded to criticize the entire capitalist society，Provides theoretical support for his socialist ideal bet365 bonus code indiana concept。

"Creative bet365 bonus code indiana" is the aesthetic and moral pursuit of Morris's view of bet365 bonus code indiana。19th century British writer、Art critic and social reformer John Ruskin understands bet365 bonus code indiana from the concept of "whole man"，Considering that bet365 bonus code indiana is first of all a kind of creation，Can bring people the pleasure of beauty，Enables people to sublimate in both material and spiritual aspects，Thus becoming a “whole person”。Morris agrees with Ruskin’s discussion on the role of bet365 bonus code indiana aesthetic education，Believe that industrialization has caused material poverty and spiritual poverty among workers，Stifled the imagination and creativity of workers，Hindering the self-improvement of bet365 bonus code indiana subjects and social fairness and justice。Therefore，bet365 bonus code indiana issues are individual issues，It is also a social problem；It’s a political issue，It is also an aesthetic and moral issue。

Morris’s definition of ideal bet365 bonus code indiana is consistent with his understanding of socialist society。He regards the realization of the ideal social system as the result of the improvement of personal moral and aesthetic abilities，Vice versa，Also regards the socialist system as the guarantee of personal moral and aesthetic abilities，Think that only under the socialist system，“All people will live under equal conditions，Manage your own affairs without waste，And fully realize that harming one person means harming all - the meaning of ultimately achieving common prosperity"。

Morris's "News from Utopia" has an obvious utopian socialist flavor，Full of the artist’s romantic fantasy。However，His interest in art and politics、In-depth discussion of the relationship between individuals and society，It is still of reference significance today: his elucidation of ideal bet365 bonus code indiana supplements the perspective of bet365 bonus code indiana and innovation for our understanding and interpretation of socialist core values；His emphasis on the aesthetic education function of bet365 bonus code indiana inspires us to vigorously explore the comprehensive educational value of bet365 bonus code indiana，Effectively protect the rights and interests of workers，Realizing decent work、Happy work、Happy life，Fully embody the superiority of the socialist system，Enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation community and enhance the patriotism of the working people。

(This article is a phased result bet365 bonus code indiana National Social Science Fund’s major project “Documentary Translation and Theoretical Interpretation of William Morris’ Artistic Socialist Thoughts” (18ZDA289)

(Author’s unit: Center for British and American Literature Research, Zhengzhou University；School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University)