Cai Yong was the author of ancient Chinese inscriptions before the Song Dynasty、Yu Xin、The three peaks of Hanyu，But until the Northern Song Dynasty，By Ouyang Xiu、The efforts of ancient writers represented by Wang Anshi and others，its style、Asana、Physique is gradually becoming finalized。The creation of epigraphs by ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty，On the one hand, we inherit the creative experience of our predecessors，On the other hand, according to one’s own creative ideas and specific situations，Breaking through the creative norms of previous generations，Formed a new style and characteristics，Has a profound influence on the creation of epitaphs in later generations。

　Strictly observe the bet with bet365 justice of historians

In ancient China，There is a complex relationship between the narrative style of Jibu and the historical biographical narrative of Shibu。The epitaph belongs to the narrative style，The ancients had a strong belief that "narratives are all historical methods" (Li Fu's "Qiu Shan Essay")、The concept of "narrative reality emerges from historiography" (Zhang Xuecheng's "Thesis of Shang Zhu Da Sima")，So，In the eyes bet with bet365 ancients，The epitaph is closely related to the Department of History。A typical saying in this regard is "Inscriptions are still true" (Cao Pi's "Dian Lun·Thesis")、"The body bet with bet365 monument，Qualified by historical talent" (Liu Xie's "Wenxin Diaolong·Elegance Stele")、"The book of Mingzhi is written in the world，Righteousness is closer to history" (Zeng Gong's "Letter to Ouyang Sheren") etc.。Before Song Dynasty，The writing of epigraphs also emphasizes "real records" and "direct writings"，However, it is clearly stated that when writing narrative prose such as biographies and epigraphs, historians’ narrative rules should be strictly followed，It started with the ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty。Ouyang Xiu、Zeng Gong、Wang Anshi is one bet with bet365 representative figures，Their epitaph writing has new changes and breakthroughs based on Han Yu's work。Ouyang Xiu’s inscription has strict laws and regulations，The greatest influence on future generations。Mao Kun praised him for "getting the essence of history"，There are rules for cutting narratives" ("Eight Masters of Texts bet with bet365 Tang and Song Dynasties·Luling Texts")，Later Chu Xin、He Zhuo、Fang Bao、Wang Yuanqi、Wang Wenru and others also hold this view，Gui Youguang even believed that Ouyang Xiu's "Epitaph of Shi Zhongmei Cemetery from the Hanlin Scholars" was "a collection of miscellaneous histories"，It’s impossible to distinguish” (Volume 9 of Mr. Zhenchuan’s Collection)。

Although epitaphs that record people belong to the broad category of biographies，But it is different from the historical biography that combines good and evil，This is a collection of biographies that writes about good but not evil。Historical biography belongs to historical narrative，Inscriptions are biographical literature that emphasizes literary aspects。Yao Nai ingeniously proposed the concept of "inscriptions"，The style is based on "Poetry" ("Preface to the Compilation of Ancient Chinese Ci")，Also focusing on the praising function bet with bet365 monument。It is necessary to conceal evil and promote good，Don’t polish it too much，We need to learn from the narrative meaning of historians。This is why Zhang Xuecheng believes that "history is not taught，A biographical narrative，The reason why there is no measure at all" ("Discussing the Records with Shishou Wang Mingfu")。

Zeng Gong thinks，Writing inscriptions can “distinguish without confusion，The discussion is not partial”，To spread the article to future generations，Only Ouyang Xiu, a rare "animal-minded person who can write articles" ("A Letter to Ouyang Sheren") can do this。Proposed by Li Guiyin，Ouyang Xiu’s practice of creating epitaphs in the spirit of historians’ records is mainly reflected in two aspects，First, the description bet with bet365 life and deeds bet with bet365 stele owner must be well-documented，The second is to evaluate the merits bet with bet365 monument owner appropriately。("On Ouyang Xiu's Views on the Creation of Epigraphs") For example，Ouyang Xiu passed the detailed examination，Analysis bet with bet365 inaccurate ancestral lineage provided by Zeng Gong in "Discussing the Clan Book with Zeng Gong"。Another example，He clearly stated it in the "Taiwei Wenzheng Prince's Shinto Inscription"，I used national history and records when writing about the life bet with bet365 stele owner。These are obviously different from the practice of many inscription writers in later generations who only relied on the deeds written by the owner's relatives and friends。

The epitaph has special stylistic attributes。The descendants all want to praise their relatives，Although the inscription is a "final decoration" written for the owner bet with bet365 stele，Most of them are written for living people。So，In the history of literature, incidents where the author got into disputes with the descendants bet with bet365 owner bet with bet365 monument because of his narration and evaluation bet with bet365 monument’s achievements have occurred from time to time。Ouyang Xiu lamented, "Comfort my deceased friend"，How can I show mercy to a younger generation?" ("On the Epitaph of Yin Shilu")，Keep it simple and methodical、Only book Dajie and other historians’ righteous laws，Completely disregarding the living’s psychology and reading expectations of praising their ancestors，It will inevitably cause dissatisfaction or even disputes among the descendants bet with bet365 monument owner。Wang Anshi was entrusted by Qian Gongfu to write an inscription for his mother Jiang，Also made Qian unhappy because the writing was too concise。Their practices had a great influence on the writing of epitaphs in later generations。For example，Fang Bao in the Qing Dynasty faced Cheng Ruohan's request to expand his father's monument，Just move out of Ouyang Xiu、Wang Anshi set the precedent of writing an inscription to uphold "righteousness and law"。

　　Change the focus of bet with bet365 and characterization

Compared with the previous generation，The ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty not only clearly emphasized that the creation of inscriptions adhered to the narrative principles of historians，Also pay more attention to the rules of writing。Han Yu’s epitaph is a peak standing in front bet with bet365 ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty，They have always been open about learning from Han Yu，But compared to Korean，The creation of his epitaph is narrated、There are three new changes in the focus of characterization。

First，The "strange" but "strange" aspect in Han Yu's bet with bet365，Replaced by warm and simple wind。Korean is so "odd"，His epitaphs are particularly good at describing strange people and strange things，Wang Shi he made、The inscriptions of Zhang Che and others，They are all wonderful articles that will be talked about by later generations。But the Song Dynasty started with Ouyang Xiu，Intentionally change the majestic to the gentle when learning Korean，Enjoy loyalty and filial piety but pay less attention to strange people and strange things。For example，Although Yang Kai、Su Shunqin is a wonderful scholar，But when Ouyang Xiu described him in the bet with bet365, he used loyalty and filial piety as a clue。He portrays Yang Kai，Revolving around the fact that he is good at discussing military matters but is not reused；Narrating the life of Su Shunqin，repeatedly emphasized that his grievances must not be vindicated、Depression and anger。Although the characters depicted are all strange people，But the narrative focus of Ouyang Xiu’s bet with bet365 is completely different from that of Han Yu，The effect produced is completely different from the impression given。

Next，The epigraphs bet with bet365 ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty transformed Han Yu's creative interest of "using writing as drama" into a serious and profound writing attitude。Han Yu's "Epitaph bet with bet365 King Who Tried Dali and Judged Affairs" deliberately depicts Wang Shi, the "wonderful man in the world" who was "huaiqi and negative"，There are even "marriage fraud" plots that are just child's play，Most people in the Song Dynasty believed that such descriptions were irrelevant。In stark contrast，Even Shi Manqing, a bold and unruly person who is rare in Ouyang Xiu’s epitaphs，Ouyang Xiu also wants to emphasize his self-respect，“Nothing goes against the truth” (“Shi Manqing’s Tomb List”)。Han Yu's "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Stele" describes the plot of Liu Zongyuan's prediction that he will become a god after his death，Similar to the style of legendary novels。In advocating the revival of Confucianism、Speechless, strange, powerful and chaotic、The ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty who followed the narratives of historians are here，Similar writing in the epitaph is even more slanderous。

Finally，Han Yu’s epitaphs began to admonish the world by portraying a negative image bet with bet365 tomb owner，Change from the tradition of "grave flattery" in past inscriptions that simply concealed evil and promoted good，But this writing method was not inherited by the ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty。Han Yu’s epitaphs contain many warnings against bad social trends and people with special status。For example，Mu Shang, a Tang Dynasty man, refining elixirs for longevity，Han Yu mentioned this a lot in his epitaphs，"The Epitaph of Li Jun, the imperial censor", "The epitaph bet with bet365 former supervisory censor bet with bet365 Tang Dynasty, Wei Fujun", and "The epitaph of Li Jun, the former imperial doctor" describe the deeds bet with bet365 deceased and even use this as the core，The sarcasm and warning are beyond words。Ouyang Xiu、Wang Anshi and other Northern Song writers did not inherit Han Yu’s writing style，Instead, the focus of writing the epitaph is to describe the virtuous and talented career bet with bet365 monument owner and express his own feelings。For example，Wang Anshi's "Ma Hanchen's Epitaph" bluntly states that Ma Hanchen "was fond of wine and sex，His comments are mainly about blasphemy"，But the focus is on describing his great enlightenment after being enlightened by his own etiquette，Then "the words are brilliant"。This epitaph depicts a positive image bet with bet365 prodigal son turning back，Not the villains in Han Yu’s works who ruined their lives but never woke up until death。

　　bet with bet365 and emotions

The epitaph identifies the identity bet with bet365 owner through narrative、Style that extols the virtues, talents and achievements bet with bet365 stele owner。The ancient writers bet with bet365 Northern Song Dynasty transformed it from an objective narrative to a work expressing arguments and emotions，Bringing new changes in the way of expression in the creation of epitaphs。

Ancient writers before Han Yu such as Li Hua、Duguji、Although Quan Deyu and others created many inscriptions，But because of its creative achievements and later influence, it is far inferior to Korean，So literary historians generally only emphasize that it preceded Han Yu、Liu Zongyuan advocated the pioneering role of ancient prose。Tang Dynasty stele inscription，Whether it is Yang Jiong、Zhang said、Parallel style prose written by Li Shangyin and others，Still Han Yu、Ancient essays by Liu Zongyuan and others，On the whole, narrative is still the main focus，There are very few works that express opinions and emotions。Even Han Yu, who later became the main person to be imitated by the Song Dynasty，In his epitaphs such as "Xiangyang Lu Cheng's Epitaph" and other epitaphs, there are only a few words about it，It is definitely not like Ouyang Xiu’s "Xue Zhifu’s Epitaph" later、Wang Anshi's "Wang Shen's Father's Epitaph", "Wang Fengyuan's Epitaph", etc.，Create narrative style，But most bet with bet365 text is written in argumentative form。

In addition to describing the lineage and year of birth and death bet with bet365 tomb owner，Do not write his life story，Only describing my friendship with the deceased’s ancestors and grandchildren，To express the sorrow of life and death，Jin Shengtan called it "a pen that makes something out of nothing" ("The Talents in the World Must Read" Volume 11)。Zeng Guofan said, "You are a good boy in this article，Like a mournful preface" (Volume 8 of "Qiuquezhai Study Record")。No longer simply and objectively describe the lives of characters，Turn the focus to narratives and emotions with strong lyrical meaning，Han Yu only occasionally did this kind of writing，Later on, Ouyang Xiu’s "Huang Mengsheng’s Epitaph", "Henan Fu Si Lu Zhang Jun’s Epitaph" and "Zhang Ziye’s Epitaph"、Wang Anshi's "Epitaph of his late brother Wang Changfu", "Epitaph of his uncle Wang Jun of Linchuan", etc.，Change the special case into a regular case。Afterwards，The epitaph written in this way is very impressive，And the emotional expression becomes more and more tossing and sobbing。

Such works that break the body are quite dissatisfied by later generations who advocate strict adherence to stylistic norms。Qian Yong in the Qing Dynasty said: "It is possible to describe the depth of friendship in a lifetime，The secret of socializing and entertaining，娓娨多千语，If the person’s name does not include a word of family background...how can it be called a tomb inscription？” (Volume 3 of "Lv Yuan Cong Hua") Liu Shipei also holds this view，I believe that the preface of inscriptions after the Tang Dynasty does not start with narrative，danfa comments，Send feelings，Also inconsistent”。In Liu Shipei’s opinion，Different from essays that focus on the author and condolence essays that "can give full play to one's own friendship"，The bet with bet365 should be objectively narrated and “all centered on the deceased”，“Follow the rules，It is not a change in the article，Change the style，Violation of formula，To exceed the boundaries of each body”。("Research on Expert Literature of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties") In fact，As Zeng Guofan said, "Narrative writing is cunning and changes，Impossible" (Volume 3 of Xue Fucheng's "Collected Essays")。Stylistic standards do not arise out of thin air，Not set in stone，It is gradually settled in the process of literary development，It will also be adjusted according to changes in literary creation。For this kind of body-breaking work，We might as well treat it with a sensible attitude，This may be more helpful in comprehensively evaluating the literary value of such works。

(This article is a phased result bet with bet365 National Social Science Fund Project "Research on Ancient Chinese Behavior Style and Style" (18XZW010)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Liberal Arts, South bet with bet365 Normal University)